Ubusika buyeza. Izilawuli ze-Programmable logic (PLCs) kancane kancane zithathelwa indawo amakhompyutha omuntu ashumekiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla amakhompuyutha avumela idivayisi eyodwa ukuthi ifake ukusebenza kwesilawuli esihlelekayo, iseva, futhi (uma idivayisi inokuphuma kwe-HDMI) kanye nesiteshi sokusebenza sika-opharetha esizenzakalelayo. Ingqikithi: Iseva yewebhu, ingxenye ye-OPC, isizindalwazi kanye nendawo yokusebenza endaweni eyodwa, futhi konke lokhu ngezindleko ze-PLC eyodwa.
Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa amakhompyutha ashumekiwe embonini. Ake sithathe idivayisi esekelwe ku-Raspberry Pi njengesisekelo, igxathu negxathu sichaza inqubo yokufaka uhlelo lwe-Open Source SCADA oluvulekile lwamahhala lwe-Russian design - i-Rapid SCADA, futhi sithuthukise iphrojekthi yesiteshi se-compressor abstract, imisebenzi okuzobandakanya isilawuli kude se-compressor nama-valve amathathu, kanye nokubonwa ngeso lengqondo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza umoya ocindezelweyo.
Masibe ngokushesha senze ukubhuka ukuthi inkinga ingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngokuyisisekelo, azihlukani komunye nomunye nganoma iyiphi indlela, umbuzo kuphela ingxenye yobuhle nesebenzayo. Ngakho, sidinga:
1.1 Inketho yokuqala isho ukuba khona kwe-Raspberry Pi 2/3/4 ngokwayo, kanye nokuba khona kwesiguquli se-USB-to-RS485 (okuthiwa "ikhwelo", esinga-oda kwa-Alliexpress).
Umfanekiso 1 - Raspberry Pi 2 kanye ne-USB kuya kusiguquli se-RS485
1.2 Inketho yesibili ihlanganisa noma yisiphi isisombululo esenziwe ngomumo esisekelwe ku-Raspberry, esinconyelwe ukufakwa ezindaweni zezimboni ezinamachweba akhelwe ngaphakathi e-RS485. Isibonelo, njengakuMfanekiso 2, ngokusekelwe kumojula ye-Raspberry CM3+.
Umfanekiso 2 - Idivayisi ye-AntexGate
2. Idivayisi ene-Modbus yamarejista okulawula amaningana;
3. I-Windows PC yokumisa iphrojekthi.
Izigaba zokuthuthuka:
Ingxenye I. Ukufaka i-Rapid SCADA ku-Raspberry
1. Gcwalisa kuwebhusayithi ye-Rapid Scada ukuze uthole ukusatshalaliswa nokulanda inguqulo yakamuva ye-Linux.
2. Khipha amafayela alandiwe bese ukopisha ifolda ethi “scada” ohlwini lwemibhalo / opt amadivayisi.
3. Beka imibhalo emithathu ephuma kufolda ethi “daemons” ohlwini lwemibhalo /etc/init.d
4. Sinikeza ukufinyelela okugcwele kumafolda ohlelo lokusebenza amathathu:
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/config
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/log
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/storage⠀ 5. Ukwenza imibhalo isebenze:
sudo chmod +x /opt/scada/make_executable.sh
sudo /opt/scada/make_executable.sh⠀ 6. Engeza indawo yokugcina:
sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update⠀ 7. Faka i-Mono .NET Framework:
sudo apt-get install mono-complete⠀ 8. Faka iseva ye-Apache HTTP:
sudo apt-get install apache2⠀ 9. Faka amamojula engeziwe:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4⠀ 10. Dala isixhumanisi sohlelo lokusebenza lweWebhu:
sudo ln -s /opt/scada/ScadaWeb /var/www/html/scada⠀ 11. Kopisha ifayela kusuka kungobo yomlando elandiwe kufolda "ye-apache". i-scada.conf kuhla lwemibhalo / njll / apache2 / amasayithi atholakalayo
sudo a2ensite scada.conf⠀ 12. Ake sehle ngale ndlela sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf bese wengeza okulandelayo ekugcineni kwefayela:
<Directory /var/www/html/scada/>
<FilesMatch ".(xml|log|bak)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
</Directory>⠀ 13. Yenza iskripthi:
sudo /opt/scada/svc_install.sh⠀ 14. Qalisa kabusha okusajingijolo:
sudo reboot⠀ 15. Ukuvula iwebhusayithi:
http://IP-адрес устройства/scada⠀ 16. Ewindini elivulayo, faka ukungena kwakho "Ukuphatha" kanye nephasiwedi «12345».
Ingxenye II. Ukufaka i-Rapid SCADA ku-Windows
Ukufakwa kwe-Rapid SCADA ku-Windows kuzodingeka ukuze ulungiselele i-Raspberry kanye nokucushwa kwephrojekthi. Ngokombono, ungakwenza lokhu ku-raspberry ngokwawo, kodwa ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kusitshele ukuthi sisebenzise indawo yokuthuthukiswa ku-Windows, ngoba isebenza kahle kakhulu lapha kune-Linux.
Ngakho-ke ake siqale:
- Sibuyekeza i-Microsoft .NET Framework ibe yinguqulo yakamuva;
- Landa I-SCADA esheshayo yeWindows futhi ufake ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi;
- Yethula uhlelo lokusebenza "lomlawuli". Kuyo sizothuthukisa iphrojekthi ngokwayo.
Lapho uthuthukisa, udinga ukunaka amaphuzu athile:
1. Izinombolo zamarejista kulolu hlelo lweSCADA ziqala ekhelini 1, ngakho kudingeke ukuthi sinyuse izinombolo zamarejista ethu ngelinye. Esimeni sethu yilokhu: 512 + 1 nokunye:
Umfanekiso 3 - Ukufakwa kwezinombolo kwamarejista ku-Rapid SCADA (isithombe siyachofozeka)
2. Ukuze ulungise kabusha izinkomba futhi usebenzise kahle iphrojekthi ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Linux, kuzilungiselelo udinga ukuya kokuthi “Iseva” -> “Izilungiselelo Ezivamile” bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi “Okwe-Linux”:
Umfanekiso wesi-4 - Ilungisa kabusha izinkomba ku-Rapid SCADA (isithombe siyachofozeka)
3. Chaza imbobo yokuvota ye-Modbus RTU ngendlela efanayo njengoba ichazwe ohlelweni lwe-Linux lwedivayisi. Esimeni sethu kunjalo /dev/ttyUSB0
Umfanekiso wesi-5 - Ilungisa kabusha izinkomba ku-Rapid SCADA (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Uma unemibuzo, yonke imiyalelo yokufaka eyengeziwe ingatholakala noma phezu kwabo .
Ingxenye III. Ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi nokulanda kudivayisi
Ukuthuthukiswa nokuboniswa kwephrojekthi kudalwa ngokuqondile kusiphequluli ngokwaso. Lokhu akulona isiko ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinhlelo ze-SCADA zedeskithophu, kodwa kuvamile.
Ngokwehlukana, ngingathanda ukuqaphela isethi elinganiselwe yezakhi zokubuka (Umfanekiso 6). Izingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zifaka i-LED, inkinobho, i-toggle switch, isixhumanisi nesikhombisi. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanganisa okukhulu ukuthi lolu hlelo lwe-SCADA lusekela izithombe eziguquguqukayo nombhalo. Ngolwazi oluncane lwabahleli bezithombe (i-Corel, i-Adobe Photoshop, njll.), ungazakhela eyakho imitapo yolwazi yezithombe, izakhi kanye nokwakheka, futhi ukusekelwa kwezakhi ze-GIF kuzokuvumela ukuthi wengeze ukugqwayiza ekubonakaleni kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe.
Umfanekiso 6 - Amathuluzi omhleli wesu ku-Rapid SCADA
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalesi sihloko, ubungekho umgomo wokuchaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo yokudala iphrojekthi ku-Rapid SCADA. Ngakho-ke, ngeke sigxile kuleli phuzu ngokuningiliziwe. Endaweni yonjiniyela, iphrojekthi yethu elula "Isistimu yokuphakelwa komoya ecindezelwe" yesiteshi se-compressor ibukeka kanje (Umfanekiso 7):
Umfanekiso 7 - Umhleli wohlelo ku-Rapid SCADA (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Okulandelayo, layisha iphrojekthi yethu kudivayisi. Ukwenza lokhu, sibonisa ikheli le-IP ledivayisi ukuze sidlulisele iphrojekthi ku-localhost, kodwa kukhompuyutha yethu eshumekiwe:
Umfanekiso 8 - Ilayisha iphrojekthi kudivayisi ku-Rapid SCADA (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Ngenxa yalokho, sithole into efanayo (Umfanekiso 9). Ngakwesobunxele kwesikrini kukhona ama-LED abonisa isimo sokusebenza salo lonke uhlelo (i-compressor), kanye nesimo sokusebenza kwama-valve (avuliwe noma avaliwe), futhi engxenyeni emaphakathi yesikrini kukhona ukubonwa. yenqubo yezobuchwepheshe enekhono lokulawula amadivayisi kusetshenziswa amaswishi okuguqula. Lapho kuvulwa ivalvu ethile, umbala wakho kokubili ivelufa ngokwayo kanye nothelawayeka ohambisanayo uyashintsha usuka kumpunga uye koluhlaza.
Umfanekiso 9 - Iphrojekthi yesiteshi seCompressor (upopayi we-GIF uyachofozeka)
ungalanda ifayela lale phrojekthi ukuze libuyekezwe.
Umfanekiso 10 ukhombisa ukuthi umphumela uwonke ubukeka kanjani.
Umfanekiso 10 - uhlelo lwe-SCADA ku-Raspberry
okutholakele
Ukuvela kwamakhompuyutha emboni ashumekiwe anamandla kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunwetshwa nokuhambisana nokusebenza kwezilawuli ezinengqondo ezihlelekayo. Ukufaka izinhlelo ezifanayo ze-SCADA kuzo kungafaka imisebenzi yokukhiqiza okuncane noma inqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Emisebenzini emikhulu enenani elikhulu labasebenzisi noma izimfuneko zokuphepha ezikhulisiwe, cishe kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake amaseva agcwele, amakhabethe ezishintshayo kanye nama-PLC avamile. Kodwa-ke, ngamaphoyinti wokuzenzakalela okuphakathi nendawo nokuncane njengezakhiwo zezimboni ezincane, izindlu zamabhayela, iziteshi zokupompa noma izindlu ezihlakaniphile, isisombululo esinjalo sibonakala sifaneleka. Ngokwezibalo zethu, amadivaysi anjalo afanele imisebenzi enamaphoyinti okufaka/okukhiphayo wedatha angafika kwangu-500.
Uma unolwazi lokudweba kubahleli bezithombe abahlukahlukene futhi ungenandaba neqiniso lokuthi kuzodingeka uzenzele izakhi zemidwebo ye-mnemonic, khona-ke inketho nge-Rapid SCADA ye-Raspberry ilungile kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwayo njengesixazululo esenziwe ngomumo kulinganiselwe ngandlela thile, njengoba kungumthombo ovulekile, kepha kusakuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise imisebenzi yesakhiwo esincane sezimboni. Ngakho-ke, uma uzilungiselela izifanekiso zokubuka, khona-ke kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lesi sixazululo ukuhlanganisa, uma kungenjalo, ingxenye ethile yamaphrojekthi akho.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde ukuthi isixazululo esinjalo kuRaspberry singaba usizo kangakanani kuwe nokuthi amaphrojekthi akho angashintshwa kanjani ngezinhlelo ze-Open Source SCADA ku-Linux, kuphakama umbuzo ozwakalayo: yiziphi izinhlelo ze-SCADA ozisebenzisa kakhulu?
Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. , wamukelekile.
Yiziphi izinhlelo ze-SCADA ozisebenzisa kakhulu?
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35.2%SIMATIC WinCC (TIA Portal)18
-
7.8%Thinta i-Wonderware4
-
5.8%Imodi yokulandela3
-
15.6%I-CoDeSys8
-
0%UGenesise0
-
3.9%PCVue Solutions2
-
3.9%I-Vijeo Citect2
-
17.6%I-Master SCADA9
-
3.9%iRidium mobile2
-
3.9%I-Simple-Scada2
-
7.8%I-SCADA4 esheshayo
-
1.9%I-AggreGate SCADA1
-
39.2%Enye inketho (impendulo kumazwana)20
Bangu-51 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-33 bagobile.
Source: www.habr.com