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Ngokuvamile, izihloko zinikeza izithombe ezimibalabala esikhundleni semidwebo kagesi, okubangela izingxabano kumazwana.
Mayelana nalokhu, nginqume ukubhala isihloko esifushane sokufundisa ngezinhlobo zamasekhethi kagesi ahlukaniswe kuwo I-Uniified System of Design Documentation (ESKD).
Kuso sonke isihloko ngizothembela ku-ESKD.
Cabanga .
Le GOST yethula imiqondo:
- uhlobo lomdwebo - ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zamasekhethi, ahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokusebenza, ukwakheka komkhiqizo nokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zawo;
- uhlobo lwesifunda - Iqembu lokuhlukanisa elihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe enjongweni yalo eyinhloko.
Masivume ngokushesha ukuthi sizoba nohlobo kuphela lwemidwebo - idayagramu kagesi (E).
Ake sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zesekethe ezichazwe kule GOST.
| Uhlobo lwesifunda | Incazelo | Ikhodi yohlobo lwesifunda |
|---|---|---|
| Umdwebo wesakhiwo | Idokhumenti echaza izingxenye eziyinhloko zokusebenza zomkhiqizo, inhloso yazo kanye nobudlelwano | 1 |
| Umdwebo osebenzayo | Idokhumenti echaza izinqubo ezenzeka kumasekhethi okusebenza angawodwana omkhiqizo (ukufakwa) noma umkhiqizo (ukufakwa) uwonke. | 2 |
| Umdwebo wohlelo (uqedile) | Idokhumenti echaza ukwakheka okuphelele kwezinto kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwazo futhi, njengomthetho, inikeza ukuqonda okuphelele (okuningiliziwe) kwezimiso zokusebenza komkhiqizo (ukufakwa) | 3 |
| Umdwebo wokuxhuma (ukufakwa) | Idokhumenti ebonisa ukuxhunywa kwezingxenye zengxenye yomkhiqizo (ukufakwa) nokuchaza izintambo, amahanisi, izintambo noma amapayipi okwenziwa ngawo lokhu kuxhumana, kanye nezindawo zokuxhunywa kwawo nokokufaka (izixhumi, amabhodi, izinsimbi, njll. .) | 4 |
| Umdwebo wokuxhuma | Idokhumenti ebonisa ukuxhumana kwangaphandle komkhiqizo | 5 |
| Uhlelo olujwayelekile | Idokhumenti echaza izingxenye zenkimbinkimbi kanye nokuxhumana kwazo kwenye indawo endaweni yokusebenza | 6 |
| Uhlelo lwesakhiwo | Idokhumenti echaza indawo ehlobene yezingxenye zomkhiqizo (ukufakwa), futhi, uma kunesidingo, nezinqwaba (izintambo, izintambo), amapayipi, ama-optical fibers, njll. | 7 |
| Isikimu esihlanganisiwe | Idokhumenti equkethe izakhi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasekhethi ohlobo olufanayo | 0 |
| Qaphela - Amagama ezinhlobo zamasekhethi aboniswe kubakaki asungulelwa amasekhethi kagesi wezakhiwo zamandla. | ||
Okulandelayo, sizocubungula uhlobo ngalunye lwesekethe ngokuningiliziwe njengoba lusetshenziswa kumasekhethi kagesi.
Idokhumenti eyinhloko: .
Ngakho-ke, kuyini futhi lezi zifunda zikagesi "zidla" ngani?
I-GOST 2.702-2011 izosinika impendulo: Isikimu sikagesi - idokhumenti equkethe, ngesimo sezithombe ezijwayelekile noma izimpawu, izingxenye zomkhiqizo osebenza ngosizo lwamandla kagesi, kanye nobudlelwano bazo.
Ngokuya ngenhloso eyinhloko, amasekhethi kagesi ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Umdwebo wesakhiwo sikagesi (E1)
Umdwebo we-block ubonisa zonke izingxenye eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zomkhiqizo (izakhi, amadivaysi namaqembu asebenzayo) kanye nobudlelwane obuyinhloko phakathi kwabo. Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe somdwebo kufanele kunikeze umbono ongcono kakhulu wokulandelana kokusebenza kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo emkhiqizweni. Emigqeni yokuxhumana, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imicibisholo ukukhombisa isiqondiso sezinqubo ezenzeka kumkhiqizo.
Isibonelo somdwebo wesakhiwo sikagesi:
Umdwebo osebenza ngogesi (E2)
Umdwebo osebenzayo ubonisa izingxenye zokusebenza zomkhiqizo (izakhi, amadivayisi namaqembu asebenzayo) ezibamba iqhaza enqubweni eboniswa umdwebo, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zingxenye. Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe somdwebo kufanele kunikeze ukumelwa okubonakalayo kakhulu kokulandelana kwezinqubo okuboniswa umdwebo.
Isibonelo somdwebo osebenza ngogesi:
Umdwebo wesekethe kagesi (uphelele) (E3)
Umdwebo wesifunda ubonisa zonke izakhi zikagesi noma amadivaysi adingekayo ekusetshenzisweni nasekulawuleni izinqubo zikagesi ezisunguliwe emkhiqizweni, konke ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwazo, kanye nezinto zikagesi (izixhumi, izinsimbi, njll.) ezinqamula okokufaka kanye okukhipha izifunda. Umdwebo ungase ubonise izici zokuxhuma nezikhwezayo ezifakwe kumkhiqizo ngezizathu zesakhiwo. Amasekhethi enzelwe imikhiqizo esendaweni evaliwe.
Isibonelo somdwebo wesekethe kagesi:
Umdwebo wokuxhumeka kukagesi (ukufakwa) (E4)
Umdwebo wokuxhuma kufanele ubonise wonke amadivaysi nezinto ezifakwe kumkhiqizo, okokufaka kwawo kanye nezinto eziphumayo (izixhumi, amabhodi, ama-clamp, njll.), kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zixhobo nezinto. Indawo yezimpawu eziyingcaca zamadivayisi nezinto ezikumdwebo kufanele cishe ihambisane nokubekwa kwangempela kwezinto namadivayisi emkhiqizweni. Ukuhlelwa kwezithombe zezinto ezifakiwe nezokuphumayo noma amatheminali ngaphakathi kwezimpawu zezithombe namadivayisi noma ama-elementi kufanele cishe ahambisane nokubekwa kwazo kwangempela kudivayisi noma isici.
Isibonelo somdwebo wokuxhumana kukagesi:
Umdwebo wokuxhumeka kukagesi (E5)
Umdwebo wokuxhuma kufanele ubonise umkhiqizo, izakhi zawo zokufaka nokuphumayo (izixhumi, izinsimbi, njll.) kanye neziphetho zezintambo nezintambo (izintambo eziboshwe, izintambo zikagesi) ezixhunywe kuzo ukuze zifakwe ngaphandle, eduze kwalapho idatha yokuxhuma umkhiqizo ( izici) kufanele zibekwe izifunda zangaphandle kanye (noma) namakheli). Ukubekwa kwezithombe zezinto ezifakiwe nezokuphumayo ngaphakathi kwesithombe somkhiqizo kufanele kufane nokubeka kwazo kwangempela emkhiqizweni. Umdwebo kufanele ubonise ukuqokwa kwezikhundla zezinto zokufaka nokukhiphayo ezinikezwe zona kumdwebo wesifunda somkhiqizo.
Isibonelo somdwebo wokuxhumana kukagesi:
Isekhethi kagesi evamile (E6)
Umdwebo ojwayelekile ubonisa amadivaysi kanye nezakhi ezifakwe ku-complex, kanye nezintambo, izinyanda nezintambo (izintambo eziboshwe, izintambo zikagesi) ezixhuma lezi zixhobo nezinto. Indawo yezimpawu eziyingcaca zamadivayisi nezinto ezikumdwebo kufanele cishe ihambisane nokubekwa kwangempela kwezinto namadivayisi emkhiqizweni.
Isibonelo somdwebo ojwayelekile kagesi:
Umdwebo wesakhiwo sikagesi (E7)
Umdwebo wesakhiwo ubonisa izingxenye zengxenye yomkhiqizo, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo - isakhiwo, igumbi noma indawo lapho lezi zingxenye zizotholakala khona.
Isibonelo sesakhiwo sikagesi:
Isekhethi kagesi ehlanganisiwe (E0)
Lolu hlobo lomdwebo lubonisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganiswe nomunye emdwebeni owodwa.
Isibonelo sesekhethi kagesi ehlanganisiwe:
PSLesi isihloko sami sokuqala ngoHabrΓ©, ungahluleli ngokuqinile.
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