В sithinte izinkinga zemfundo ezifana nendlela yokufundisa, saphinde sakhuluma kancane ngomkhuba omubi wokuqeqesha. amakhono ekulimaleni kokwamukela ulwazi. Manje yisikhathi sokuxoxa kabanzi ngalezi zigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile futhi siqonde ukuthi uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.
Ngakho zombili izincazelo: amakhono и ulwazi, kanye negama elingasasetshenziswa kakhulu imithetho, ngendlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo ochwepheshe emkhakheni wabasebenzi nabasebenzi, zakhiwe cishe eminyakeni engama-40 edlule. emsebenzini, obizwa ngokuthi: “Amakhono, Imithetho kanye Nolwazi; Izimpawu, Izimpawu Nezimpawu, Nokunye Okuhlukile Kumamodeli Okusebenza Kwabantu.” Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlaka aluthuthukisile luye lwathuthuka kakhulu, kodwa sizothembela esihlokweni sokuqala, esingatholakala . Lo mbhalo uyatholakala ngemali ekhokhwayo noma ngokubhalisa kwebhizinisi/kwezemfundo, nokho, umfundi ompofu kodwa othanda ukwazi uyohlale ethola ithuba lokudawuniloda lo mbhalo mahhala.
Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi nakuba igama elithi imithetho ngokuvamile lingabonakali, futhi amakhono nolwazi luqhubeka nokuhlangana ndawonye, umuntu uvame ukuthola umbono ongalungile wokuthi lezi ezimbili zokugcina ziyafana. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ku-taxonomy ka-Rasmussen bonke banikezwa izincazelo ezicacile, futhi qiniseka ukuthi, akufanele badideke nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Empeleni, lapho efunda ukuziphatha komuntu, u-Rasmussen unikeza amakhono ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu hhayi elithopha kakhulu. Ngesibaluli esiphawuleka kangaka njengokuzenzakalela kokusebenza kwenzwa-motor lapho kungekho ukulawula okuqaphelayo, kusondele kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokukhalipha okunesimo:
Ukuziphatha okusekelwe ekhonweni kumelela ukusebenza kwenzwa-motor phakathi nezenzo noma imisebenzi okuthi, kulandela isitatimende senhloso, yenzeka ngaphandle kokulawula okuqaphelayo njengamaphethini okuziphatha abushelelezi, azenzakalelayo, futhi ahlanganiswe kakhulu.
U-Rasmussen ubeka izinga lemithetho ngaphezu kwamakhono, nakuba enza ukubhuka ukuthi umugqa phakathi kwabo ungaba mncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho amakhono ehlanganiswa ngamaketanga. Isidingo sabo sivela lapho ikhono elilodwa elilula linganele esimweni esithile futhi ukufeza umphumela kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa amakhono amaningana, ukwenza izenzo kuye ngezimo, okungukuthi landela imithetho eyenziwe ngokuzimela noma etholwe komunye umuntu:
Ezingeni elilandelayo lokuziphatha okusekelwe emthethweni, ukwakheka kokulandelana okunjalo kwama-subroutines esimweni somsebenzi esijwayelekile ngokuvamile kulawulwa umthetho ogciniwe noma inqubo okungenzeka ukuthi ithathwe ngokomgunyathi ngezikhathi zangaphambilini, exhunywe ngokwazi kwabanye abantu. njengesiyalezo noma iresiphi yencwadi yokupheka, noma ingase ilungiswe ngaleso sikhathi ngokuxazulula izinkinga nokuhlela.
Ungengeza ngokuphephile zonke izinhlobo zezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezingcono kakhulu, amaphepha amhlophe nezinye izindlela zokwenziwa kulolu hlu, futhi wengeze imithetho esungulwe abaphathi bebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa lezo zinqubo ezethulwe umholi weqembu lendawo.
Lesi sivivane sithweswe umqhele wolwazi olutholwa ngesikhathi lapho isithombe esijwayelekile somhlaba sibhidlika - akusizi amakhono noma imiyalelo yokulandela, kodwa kuphakama isidingo sokucwaninga nokufunda ngenkinga engaziwa endaweni engajwayelekile:
Phakathi nezimo ezingajwayelekile, lapho ubhekene nesimo lapho kungekho lwazi noma imithetho yokulawula etholakalayo ekuhlanganeni kwangaphambilini, ukulawulwa kokusebenza kufanele kudlulele ezingeni eliphezulu lomqondo, lapho ukusebenza kulawulwa khona umgomo futhi kusekelwe olwazini. Kulesi simo, umgomo uhlelwe ngokucacile, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwemvelo kanye nezinhloso eziphelele zomuntu. Bese kwakhiwa uhlelo oluwusizo-ngokukhethwa-njengokuthi kucatshangelwe amapulani ahlukene, futhi umphumela wawo uvivinywe ngokumelene nomgomo, ngokomzimba ngokuzama nangephutha, noma ngomqondo ngendlela yokuqonda izici zokusebenza zemvelo kanye nokubikezela kwemiphumela yemvelo. kucatshangelwe uhlelo. Kuleli zinga lokucabanga okusebenzayo, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesistimu kuvezwa ngokusobala “imodeli yengqondo”…
Kuleli zinga lapho zonke izinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu zenzeka - imibono yebhizinisi, izinkolelo zesayensi kanye nezinto ezintsha zikhula, futhi imithetho nezindlela zenzelwe amazinga aphansi, njengokuthi, isibonelo, i-manifesto ye-Agile iyathuthukiswa.
Ekugcineni, udinga ukuthatha iphilisi elibi inombolo yokuqala. Abanye abaphathi bezinkampani, ikakhulukazi abaphathi bezinga lokungena kanye nabanye ochwepheshe be-IT abaqinisekisiwe, ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi basezingeni lolwazi, ngoba abokuqala babonakala benza izinqumo ezithile, kanti laba bakamuva babonakala bephase izivivinyo futhi bathola izikhundla ezihambisanayo zonjiniyela. . Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlolwa ngokucophelela, kuvela ukuthi okungcono kakhulu lokhu kungumkhawulo ophezulu wezinga lemithetho: abaphathi basebenza ngemithetho nemithetho efanayo, ngokuvamile bezithola bengakwazi ukushintsha inqubo yenkampani elula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, onjiniyela abaningi bebelokhu benza izenzo ezibambe ngekhanda zokusetha nokulungisa, ukufaka nokuqeda imishini iminyaka eminingi, futhi bacabangele imiyalelo yokubhala yabaqalayo ukuba ibe yingqophamlando yekhono labo.
Lapha kufanele uthathe iphilisi elibi inombolo yesibili. Izwe lanamuhla lakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo senkathi yezimboni, eyayibuswa isimo sengqondo kubantu njengensiza yobuchwepheshe enezici ezaziwayo zokwethembeka nokukhiqiza. Akumangazi ukuthi umqondo wefekthri yokuhlanganisa umugqa udluliselwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimboni kusukela kwezokwelapha kuya kwezobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Kunengqondo futhi ukuthi kule paradigm, abasebenzi kudingeka bathuthukise amakhono ukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukugcina ijubane elinikeziwe futhi bahambisane “nebhande lokuthutha” lebhizinisi. Labo abasebenza kulayini wokuhlanganisa, ngisho nalabo abawuphethe, abadingi ulwazi olukhethekile, badinga amakhono nokunamathela ngokuqinile eziqondisweni.
Futhi inombolo yokugcina ebabayo yesithathu iwumphumela oqondile wephilisi inombolo yesibili. Iqiniso liwukuthi emphakathini wangemva kwezimboni kukhona ukuthambekela ekufezeni i-robot kanye ne-automation yokukhiqiza kanye nomkhakha wesevisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzi wendabuko, olawulwa kahle futhi oqondakalayo emazingeni ekhono nemithetho yizimpokophelo ezinhle zokusungula izinto ezintsha: ubuchwepheshe bamafu, izithunywa zamarobhothi, ama-autopilot, njll., njll., njll., njll. "asongela" hhayi kuphela umshayeli wemetro noma umthengisi wesitolo. , kodwa ngokulinganayo, unjiniyela we-IT oqinisekisiwe. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi abaningi kuzodingeka bathole amakhono amasha futhi bajahe izitifiketi ezintsha, noma benze yonke imizamo futhi bazame ukugxumela emkhakheni wolwazi.
Kuwubuwula ukuphikisa ulwazi namakhono, ngoba njengoba nje kungenakwenzeka ukwakha isakhiwo esithembekile ngaphandle kwesisekelo, ngakho ngaphandle kwamakhono akunakwenzeka ukuthola nokusebenzisa ulwazi. Ukuchaza igama lomagazini odumile, singasho ukuthi amakhono angamandla, futhi ulwazi luyintuthuko. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono kuphela, sizibophezela ekusebenzeni ibhande laphakade lokuthutha futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulo mbuthano ononya futhi siye phambili ukuthola ulwazi.
Source: www.habr.com