Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, thina (kanye nezingosi ze-Software-testing.ru kanye ne-Dou.ua) senze ucwaningo lwezinga lomholo wochwepheshe be-QA. Manje sesiyazi ukuthi kubiza malini amasevisi okuhlola ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Siyazi futhi ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi nolwazi okufanele uchwepheshe we-QA abe nalo ukuze ashintshisane ngehhovisi eliminyene kanye neholo elincane lesitulo sasolwandle kanye nesamba semali. Ingabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngayo yonke into? Funda isihloko sethu.
Ngakho... Cabanga ngesimo: uze kunhlolokhono futhi umbuzo ojwayelekile ophelele mayelana "nezinga lomholo elilindelekile" uqondiswe kuwe. Ungalenzi kanjani iphutha ngempendulo? Othile uzoqala ukuzisekela emholweni endaweni yabo yokugcina yomsebenzi, othile emholo ojwayelekile wesikhala esinikezwe eMoscow, othile uzothatha njengesisekelo izinga lomholo umngane wakho u-QA unjiniyela aziqhayise ngakho izolo phezu kwengilazi yetiye. . Kodwa kufanele uvume, konke lokhu akuqondakali ngandlela thile, ngingathanda ukwazi ukufaneleka kwami ngokuqinisekile.
Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umhloli onentshisekelo emalini kwesinye isikhathi ubuza imibuzo elandelayo:
- Ngibiza malini njengochwepheshe?
- Yimaphi amakhono okudingeka uwathuthukise ukuze ukhulise ukubaluleka kwakho kumqashi?
- Ingabe ngizozuza okwengeziwe ngokushintsha umsebenzi wami wasehhovisi eBarnaul ngiwenze umsebenzi okude eMoscow?
- lolu uhlobo olulingana nendawo yonke impumelelo kachwepheshe oqashiwe emkhakheni wakhe wobuchwepheshe. Uma singazinaki izici zomuntu siqu nezenhlalo, okungcono kuneholo cishe ngeke kusho lutho mayelana neziqu kanye nezinga lekhono lochwepheshe oqashiwe. Kodwa uma sazi konke mayelana nezinga lethu lemali engenayo, lapho-ke singathuthuka ngakuphi ukuze kwandiswe le mali engenayo, singaqagela kuphela.
Ngokomgomo we-Pareto, umqashi/ikhasimende lizimisele ukukhokha u-80% wezimali ku-20% wamakhono ethu. Umbuzo kuphela ukuthi yimaphi amakhono ezintweni zanamuhla ezifakiwe kulo 20%. Futhi namuhla sizozama ukuthola leso sihluthulelo sempumelelo.
Ocwaningweni lwethu, sinqume ukuhamba, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, “kumuntu,” ngakho-ke senza ucwaningo hhayi ezingeni lezinsizakalo ze-CIO kanye nezabasebenzi, kodwa ezingeni labantu “abanentshisekelo” kakhulu imiphumela yocwaningo: nina, ochwepheshe be-QA abathandekayo.
Isifinyezo:
Isingeniso: ukuhlela inhlolovo
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Ngakho-ke, inhlolovo yenziwe ngoDisemba 2018–Januwari 2019.
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Ngithanda ukubonga iphothali ngosizo ekwenzeni ucwaningo futhi mathupha uNataliya Barantseva. Futhi, sithanda ukubonga ngokukhethekile: iphothali , umphakathi we-VK , ishaneli yocingo .
Lolu cwaningo lwaluhilela abaphendula abangu-1006 14 abasebenzela izinkampani ezivela emazweni angu-83 emadolobheni angu-6. Ukuze kube lula umsebenzi nokuboniswa kwedatha, sihlanganise indawo yabo bonke abaphendulayo nabaqashi babo baba yizifunda ezizimele ezingu-XNUMX:
- eRussia.
- IYurophu (indawo ye-EU).
- CIS.
- USA.
- E-Asia.
- Oceania.
Isifunda sase-Asia kanye ne-Oceania kudingeke ukuthi zikhishwe ngenxa yokumelwa kwazo okuphansi kusampula.
Basakazwa kanjani ochwepheshe be-QA phakathi kwezifunda zabaqashi?
Amadola ase-US akhethwe njengemali eyinhloko yocwaningo. Akukhona ukuthi sonke sithola amaholo ngamadola, ukuthi nje kukhona ama-zero ambalwa kuwo futhi ukuguqulwa okuvela kwezinye izimali kunembe kakhulu.
Ochwepheshe be-QA bathola malini amaholo abo?
Sikwazile ukuchaza ngokucacile izigaba zeholo ezingu-4 eziyinhloko:
- ngaphansi kwe-$ 600 (nge-median ye-$ 450);
- $601-1500 (nge-median ye-1050);
- $1500-2300 (nge-median ye-1800);
- ngaphezu kuka-$2300 (nge-median ye-$3000).
U-97% wezikhundla ezikhonjiswe abaphenduli zikwazile ukukhonjwa futhi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-4 zakudala zochwepheshe be-QA. Sithathe ngamabomu ukuhlukaniswa okwamukelwe ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe, ngoba... ngisho naseRussia la magama avame ukusetshenziswa, kanti ama-42,2% asele abaphendulile asebenzela amanye amazwe.
Ngabe ochwepheshe be-QA basatshalaliswa kanjani ngesigaba somsebenzi?
Ingxenye yokuqala. Izinga lomholo lochwepheshe be-QA eRussia nasemhlabeni
Okokuqala, ake sinqume izinga lomholo labachwepheshe be-QA eRussia nokuthi lincike kanjani kufomethi yomsebenzi.
Izinga lomholo wochwepheshe we-QA lincike kanjani efomethini yakhe yomsebenzi (eRussia)?
Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke ochwepheshe be-QA (48,9%) basebenza ehhovisi ukuze bathole iholo elisuka ku-$601 ukuya ku-$1500. Enye ingxenye yesithathu iphinde isebenze ngefomethi yehhovisi, cishe ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo yaba amakamu amabili: ngomholo ongu-< $600 (17,3%) kanye nomholo wama-$1500 - $2300 (18,1%).
Kuyathakazelisa: Iphesenti lochwepheshe abakhokhelwa kakhulu liphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli bamashejuli ehhovisi avumelana nezimo kanye namashejuli omsebenzi akude kunaphakathi kwabahloli abavinjelwa ishejuli yomsebenzi eqinile. Mayelana ne-freelancing, bonke abameleli bayo abambalwa baphawule izinga labo lemali engenayo njenge-<$600.
Lezi zinkomba azibonakali nje kuphela emakethe yaseRussia yezinsizakalo ze-QA. Amathrendi afanayo angalandelelwa emazweni ngamazwe.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaholo amaphakathi ochwepheshe be-QA (Russia vs World)
Izinzuzo zeholo lomsebenzi oguquguqukayo wokude zicace nakakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa namazinga omhlaba. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuntuleka kwezindleko zenhlangano kumqashi. izinto zokusebenza, ingqalasizinda kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo yokusebenza yesisebenzi, eguqulwa ngokwengxenye ibe iholo lakhe. Ngakho-ke, uma uphupha uphuza ama-cocktails olwandle futhi uhola u-24% ngaphezu kozakwenu abalwela isilawuli kude se-air conditioner kusuka ku-9 kuya ku-18, manje usunokugqugquzela okwengeziwe.
Kuyathakazelisa: Umholo eRussia ulele ngemuva kakhulu emhlabeni endabeni yefomethi eqinile ekude (35,7%) kanye ne-freelancing (58,1%), kanye ne-freelancing ngokwayo, nakuba nayo ingakhokhelwa kahle, ithuthukiswe kangcono phesheya kunaseRussia.
Uyabuza: “Zivelaphi lezi zibalo zamaholo? Mhlawumbe yiMoscow neSt. Petersburg kuphela abahlanganyela ekuhloleni.” Cha, ozakwethu. Amadolobha amele indawo cishe yonke yaseRussia, kodwa asizange silinge ukuhlaziya amadolobha anabaphenduli abangaphansi kwama-20 ngokuya ngeholo eliphakathi. Uma kukhona okudingayo, bhalela [i-imeyili ivikelwe], sizokwabelana ngedatha kwamanye amadolobha.
Izinga lomholo elimaphakathi lochwepheshe be-QA (amadolobha aseRussia)
Isithombe singabikezelwa, ikakhulukazi amadolobha anabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi ahlukaniswa ngamaholo aphezulu, ngaphandle kweSaratov, Krasnodar ne-Izhevsk. Ubuqhawe ngokwesiko buhlanganyelwa yizinhloko-dolobha, kepha amaholo aphezulu ngedolobha avaliwe yisifunda saseChernozem naseVoronezh, umehluko emiholweni yaseMoscow cishe kabili (45,9%).
Kuyathakazelisa: Thina ngokwethu asiqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi uSaratov wangena kanjani kwabathathu abaphezulu ngokwemiholo. Sizobonga uma wabelana ngokuqagela kwakho ngalolu daba.
Kulabo abanqume ukusebenzela "i-Europe ebolayo" noma i-CIS eseduze, siyashesha ukukujabulisa. Akhona wonke amathuba okuthola ukwenyuka okukhulu komholo. Labo asebebasebenzela cishe bayazi ngalokhu ngaphandle kwethu.
Izinga lomholo elimaphakathi lochwepheshe be-QA (izifunda zabaqashi)
Konke lapha kuyabikezelwa, izinga lamaholo phakathi kwabaqashi baseRussia ngokwesilinganiso liphansi ngo-10% kune-CIS, i-14,8% inesizotha ngaphezu kweYurophu, futhi i-28,8% iphansi kunase-USA.
Okuthakazelisayo: Izinga lomholo e-Europe kanye ne-CIS alihlukani njengoba besibikezela ekuqaleni (ngamaphesenti angu-5,3 kuphela). Kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwemboni, ukufiphala kwemiqondo ye-"Europe" kanye "ne-CIS" emiqondweni yabaphendulayo, noma izimo zezomnotho yizo okufanele kusolwe ngalokhu.
Kunengqondo ukuthi amaholo aphezulu aheha ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abakulungele ukusebenzela inkampani yangaphandle. Inqubo yokuphuma kochwepheshe iba lula lapho izinkampani ezinkulu zivula amagatsha emazweni amaningi namadolobha, futhi amafomethi okusebenza akude asula imingcele esele.
Ochwepheshe be-QA bahlala futhi basebenza kuphi?
Ophethe irekhodi lokuqasha abasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe yi-United States; ochwepheshe be-QA abaphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 basebenzela izinkampani zaseMelika kunokuhlala ezifundazweni. Ku-CIS, ngokuphambene nalokho, bancamela ukuphila kunokuba basebenzele izinkampani zendawo ze-IT. ERussia nasemazweni e-European Union kukhona ukulingana phakathi kwabantu abasebenzayo nabantu abaphilayo.
Okuthakazelisayo: Kwesinye isikhathi okuwukuphela kwesithiyo esihlukanisa uchwepheshe ekujoyineni abasebenzi bomqashi wase-Euro-American ulwazi lwezilimi. Imakethe yezabasebenzi yaseRussia kanye ne-CIS inenhlanhla yokuthi lesi sici ekhulwini lethu sisabambe "ukudonsa kwengqondo".
Ingxenye yesibili. Ukuncika kwezinga lokukhokhelwa kochwepheshe be-QA ngolwazi, imfundo kanye nesikhundla
Asikwazanga ukuhlonza ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwezinga lomholo lochwepheshe be-QA kanye nemfundo etholiwe. Kodwa sakwazi ukufinyelela iziphetho ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana nethonya lemfundo esikhundleni esiphethwe uchwepheshe.
Ingabe isikhundla/isigaba esiphethwe uchwepheshe we-QA sincike kanjani emfundweni yakhe?
Iphesenti labancane eliphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abanemfundo eyisipesheli yokusiza abantu, ezomnotho kanye neyesibili.
Imikhondo emihle atholakala kubafundi bezobuchwepheshe, abameli, abantu abaneziqu zemfundo kanye, ukunakwa kochwepheshe, ochwepheshe abanemfundo ekhethekile yokuphatha.
Abantu abadala abahle Bavela ku-techies futhi, ikakhulukazi, kungaba abantu abanemfundo yesikole noma ochwepheshe abaneziqu ezimbili.
Kodwa phakathi kukhona okwanele yonke indawo, ngaphandle kokuthi phakathi kwabameli kanye nabantu asebekhulile kukhona okuncane kubo.
Okuthakazelisayo: Izibalo zethu, eziqoqwe phakathi nonyaka we-Institute of Testers (POINT) eku-inthanethi, ziqinisekisa ngokugcwele idatha eshiwo ngenhla ngemfundo yabasebancane. Futhi izibalo zangaphakathi zenkampani zibonisa ukuthi ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe basakhula ngokushesha kakhulu ezingeni lomsebenzi.
Kunokungqubuzana okuningi okuzungeze ukuhlukaniswa kochwepheshe be-QA kanye neholo ngokwezinga. Abancane, abathola njengabadala, bahola ngeholo eliphakathi, kuwumkhuba ovame kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ake sizame ukukuqonda.
Ngabe izinga lomholo likachwepheshe we-QA lincike kanjani esikhundleni/isigaba akuso?
Ake siqale ngokuchitha insumansumane enkulu ngokukhula kwabadala babe ngabaphathi. Ukuthuthela emithonjeni kuyisinyathelo hhayi phezulu, kodwa eceleni! Konke okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqwe eminyakeni eminingi yokusebenza njengochwepheshe be-QA akusizi neze endimeni entsha, ngoba akumele usebenze ngekhodi, kodwa nabantu nezinhlelo. Abaphathi bakuqonda kahle konke lokhu, futhi eqinisweni siyabona ukuthi amaholo noma ukwakheka kwabo kwabadala nabaholayo akuhlukile kakhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kwabancane nabamaphakathi awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yinhlekelele. Yebo, ngokwesilinganiso, ophakathi ngokuvamile uhola u-$1500-2300 wakhe esikhundleni sika-$600. Kepha njengabancane, isigamu sabo bonke abaphakathi bathola amaholo ebangeni lama- $ 601- $ 1500.
Okuthakazelisayo: Lapho kubonakala khona ukweqa kwamaholo lapho kuqhathaniswa abantu abaphakathi nendawo nabadala. Imiholo engaphansi kuka-$600 isiba yinto yesikhathi esidlule, kanti u-57% wawo wonke amaholo angena ku-$1500-3000. Kusasele ukuqonda ukuthi yini umuntu osekhulile okufanele akwazi ukuyenza futhi athuthuke kulokhu, kodwa okuningi kulokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kodwa isipiliyoni somsebenzi, ngokungafani nemfundo, sithinta ngqo izinga lomholo.
Izinga lomholo likachwepheshe we-QA lincike kanjani ekuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi?
Umdwebo ongezansi ubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi, ngokuhlangenwe nakho emsebenzini, izinga lochwepheshe abakhokhelwa kancane liyancipha futhi isibalo samaholo angaphezu kuka-$ 2300 sikhuphuka.
Ashintsha kanjani amaholo njengoba uchwepheshe we-QA ekhula ngolwazi?
Into esemqoka ngoJuni ukubamba unyaka wokuqala. Ngisho nangemva kokuthweswa iziqu, abahloli abanonyaka owodwa bangase bangalindeli iholo lika-$1500-2300, kodwa kunethuba elihle (56%) lokuba ngomunye wochwepheshe abaneholo lika-$600-1500 ngenyanga.
Ekugcineni, uma kubhekwa iholo, inani lochwepheshe liqala ukukhula phakathi neminyaka emi-4 kuya kwengu-6 yomsebenzi, lifika emholweni ophakathi kuka-$1500. Ngemuva kwaleli phuzu, izinga lokukhula komholo liyancipha, kwabanye lifinyelela ku-$ 2300 ngenyanga, kodwa ngokuvamile, isipiliyoni ngemva kweminyaka engu-6 emsebenzini wokuhlola siqinisekisa nje imali engenayo ye-$ 1500-2000, bese konke, njengokuhlala njalo, kuncike idolobha, inkampani, umuntu.
Okuthakazelisayo: Izinga lokukhula kwezinga lomholo likachwepheshe we-QA eminyakeni emi-3 yokuqala lingama-67,8%, kanti izinga lokukhula komholo esikhathini esisuka eminyakeni eyi-7 kuye kweyi-10 lehla laya ku-8,1%.
Ingxenye yesithathu. Ukuncika kwezinga lokukhokhelwa kochwepheshe be-QA ezingeni lobuchwepheshe kumakhono okuhlola
Khumbula, ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko sizame ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwethu njengochwepheshe. Manje ake siqhubekele phambili ekuhlaziyeni amakhono okuhlola. Imaphi amakhono ochwepheshe be-QA abanawo futhi lokhu kulithinta kanjani izinga labo lomholo?
Yimaphi amakhono ochwepheshe be-QA abanawo kakhulu?
Ake sicabangele ubuncane obudingekayo bamakhono esingeke sikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo emsebenzini wethu.
Yini wonke uchwepheshe we-QA okufanele akwazi?
- Ikhono lokwenza okwasendaweni kanye nokusungula amaphutha - Ikhono elivame kakhulu. 4 abantu abakhulumi nhlobo, 16 banolwazi oluncane. Futhi u-98% wabaphenduli bangochwepheshe bekhono kahle nangokuphelele.
- Ulwazi lwezinhlelo zokulandela iziphazamisi (Jira, Redmine, YouTrack, Bugzilla) - futhi, abantu abangu-6 kuphela abangalazi ngokuphelele leli khono.
- Ukuhlolwa kohlangothi lweklayenti kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu - 81% wabaphenduli bakhuluma kahle noma ngokuphelele.
- Ubungoti ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ulwazi kanye nezinqolobane zamacala okuhlola (i-wiki, i-confluence, njll.) - ama-81% afanayo, kodwa kuphela ama-27% awo aphelele.
- Ubungcweti bokuhlaziya ukuhlolwa, ukuklama kokuhlola kanye namasu okuhlola ama-combintorics – u-58% wongoti banalo kahle leli khono kanti abanye abangu-18% bayakwazi ukukhuluma kahle. Ingabe kufanelekile ukuhambisana nazo?
Manje ake sibheke amakhono angabhekwa njengendlala, ngakho-ke akhokhelwa kahle, emsebenzini wethu.
Yini ongaziqhayisa ngayo kumqashi/osebenza nabo?
- Zizwa ngokuthuthukisa imibhalo yokuhlola umthwalo ku-JMeter noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo - ikhono eliyivelakancane. Abantu abangama-467 abanalo nhlobo leli khono (46,4%). Abantu abangu-197 bakhuluma ngezinga elanele (19,6%). Bangu-49 kuphela abantu abalwazi kahle, kanti abangama-36 kubo bathola imali engaphezu kuka-$1500.
- Unolwazi ezinhlelweni zokubika zemiphumela yokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo (I-Allure, njll.) − Ochwepheshe abangama-204 banolwazi olwanele.
- Ulwazi lwabashayeli nezengezo zokuhlola ezishintshayo - 241 ochwepheshe.
- Ulwazi lwezinhlaka zokuhlola zokuzenzakalela (TestNG, JUnit, njll.) - 272 ochwepheshe.
Okuthakazelisayo: Njengoba bekulindelekile, amakhono ayivelakancane kwakuwukuhlola umthwalo kanye namakhono ezishintshayo, okuqinisekisa isimo samanje emakethe yezemisebenzi yezinsizakalo ze-QA. Ukushoda kwama-opharetha ezishintshayo kanye nabaqhubi bemithwalo kubonakala ngokucacile ezingeni lomholo wabo uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye ochwepheshe.
Yimaphi amakhono akhokhela kangcono?
Ngesizotha kakhulu (kufika ku-$1410 ngenyanga) Amakhono ayisisekelo ekulandeleleni iziphazamisi, amakhono emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu/eselula, ukuhlaziya ukuhlolwa kanye nesakhiwo/ukuvumelana nezimo kuyakhokhelwa.
Hhayi kude nabo (kufika ku-$1560 ngenyanga) amakhono okuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwesizindalwazi, ubungoti bokulawula inguqulo nezinhlelo zokugawula abukho. Ngokwesilinganiso, bakhokhelwa kangcono ngo-10-15%.
Okungcono nakakhulu (kufika ku-$1660 ngenyanga) Amakhono okuphatha izinqolobane zamacala okuhlola, ubungcweti bamathuluzi okuqapha ithrafikhi, kanye nekhono eliyisisekelo lokwenza okwasendaweni kanye nokwethulwa kokukhubazeka kuyakhokhelwa.
Hhayi-ke, uma uthanda inani lama- $ 1770, ngakho-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, siyakwamukela kunhlangano yabahloli bezimoto, onjiniyela bezimpahla kanye nabadidiyeli abaqhubekayo; lawa amakhono okuthi, ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo lwethu, akhokhelwe kangcono kakhulu.
Okuthakazelisayo: Ukuba nokuhlolwa komthwalo kanye namakhono okuzisebenzela kukhulisa usayizi womholo wakho ngesilinganiso esingama-20-25%, ngesikhundla esilinganayo nolwazi lomsebenzi.
Uchwepheshe we-QA onekhono elilodwa noma ngisho nangu-2-3 uyivelakancane kulo msebenzi. Kulunge kakhulu ukuhlola iziqu kanye neholo lomhloli ngokusekelwe enanini lamakhono anawo esewonke.
Ngabe izinga lomholo likachwepheshe we-QA lincike kangakanani enanini lamakhono awazi kahle?
Inganekwane mayelana nezinzuzo zobungcweti ekuhloleni ayizange iziphendulele. Inombolo yamakhono ku-arsenal yomhloli ithinta ngokuqondile iholo lakhe. Wonke amakhono engeziwe angu-5-6 ebhange le-piggy lochwepheshe liholela ekwenyukeni kwamaholo ngo-20-30%. Ukwenyuswa kwamaholo okuphawuleka kakhulu kongoti abafunde amakhono angaphezu kwama-20. "Ama-prodigies" anjalo athola ngokwesilinganiso ama-62% ngaphezu kochwepheshe abancane abanamakhono ama-5 emithwalweni yabo.
Okuthakazelisayo: Bangu-12 kuphela abantu kwabangu-1006 abanawo wonke amakhono. Bonke banezinga eliphezulu lomholo. Bonke abantu abangu-12 basebenza ehhovisi, bonke banolwazi olunzulu lomsebenzi (umphenduli oyedwa kuphela onesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-2-3, bonke abanye basatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi ko-4-6, 7-10 kanye neminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yesipiliyoni).
Isiphetho: izithombe zochwepheshe be-QA
Esikhundleni seziphetho eziyisicefe kanye nokuqalisa kabusha, sinqume ukudweba izithombe zomlomo zochwepheshe be-QA abanamazinga ahlukene omholo. Ukuma ngobude akukuhle neze njengoba kukhombisa isethi ethile yochwepheshe be-QA, ngakho-ke kungase kuhluke kokungokoqobo ezimweni ezithile. Kwakukhona izithombe ezine sezizonke.
Amahloni
Isithombe sikachwepheshe we-QA onezinga lomholo elingafika ku-$600.
Indawo: amadolobha amancane eRussia naseCIS.
Umqashi: ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezivela eRussia kanye ne-CIS.
Ifomethi yomsebenzi: freelancing noma isimiso esiqinile sokusebenza kude.
Imfundo: noma yikuphi, okuvame kakhulu ukusiza abantu.
Isigaba/indawo: omncane.
Isipiliyoni: kuze kube unyaka.
Umyalo omuhle we: 4-5 amakhono.
Okungenani kufanele kube:
- amasistimu wokulandela iziphazamisi;
- Amakhono okwenza kwasendaweni kanye nokusungulwa kweziphambeko;
- ukuhlolwa kweklayenti kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula;
- amakhono okuhlaziya ukuhlolwa.
Isigaba esiphakathi
Isithombe sikachwepheshe we-QA onezinga lomholo lika-$600-1500.
Indawo: amadolobha amakhulu eRussia (Saratov, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Rostov, njll) kanye CIS, Europe.
Umqashi: ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezivela eRussia, iCIS kanye nezincane zaseYurophu.
Ifomethi yomsebenzi: ishejuli eqinile yehhovisi kanye nomsebenzi okude.
Imfundo: noma yini.
Isigaba/indawo: omncane noma ophakathi.
Isipiliyoni: Iminyaka engu-2-3.
Umyalo omuhle we: 6-10 amakhono.
Ngaphezu kwesethi eyisisekelo, ungumnikazi:
- ukuhlanganisa kanye namakhono okuhlola isizindalwazi;
- Ukulawulwa kwenguqulo kanye nezinhlelo zokugawula.
Ophumelelayo
Isithombe sikachwepheshe we-QA onezinga lomholo lika-$1500-2300.
Indawo:
- Russia (inhloko-dolobha);
- CIS (amadolobha anabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi);
- IYurophu.
Umqashi: izinkampani ezinemali evela eYurophu nase-USA.
Ifomethi yomsebenzi: amafomethi ehhovisi kanye nomsebenzi wakude ovumelana nezimo.
Imfundo: noma yikuphi, ezikhathini eziningi ezisemthethweni noma ezokuphatha.
Isigaba/indawo: phakathi noma ngaphezulu.
Isipiliyoni: Uneminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala.
Umyalo omuhle we: 11-18 amakhono.
Kufanele futhi ube ngumnikazi:
- izinhlelo zokuphatha ulwazi kanye nezindawo zokugcina amacala;
- amathuluzi okuqapha ithrafikhi;
- amasistimu okulawula inguqulo.
Izikhwama zemali
Isithombe sikachwepheshe we-QA onezinga lomholo eliqala ku-$2300.
Indawo:
- ngaphandle kokubhekisela endaweni (umuntu wezwe);
- Russia (inhloko-dolobha);
- CIS (osonhlamvukazi);
- IYurophu (amadolobha amakhulu);
- USA.
Umqashi: izinkampani ezivela eYurophu nase-USA.
Ifomethi yomsebenzi: ihhovisi eliguquguqukayo noma ifomethi ekude evumelana nezimo.
Imfundo: noma yikuphi, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bungcono.
Isigaba/indawo: Omkhulu noma Oholayo.
Isipiliyoni: > iminyaka engu-6.
Umyalo omuhle we: amakhono okuhlola angaphezu kuka-19.
Amakhono adingekayo afaka:
- 2-3 amakhono okuhlola okuzenzakalelayo;
- 1-2 amakhono okuhlola umthwalo;
- ubungoti ezinhlelweni zokuhlanganisa eziqhubekayo.
Siyethemba manje ukuthi kuzoba lula kuwe ukuthi uzihlole (njengochwepheshe be-QA) emakethe yezabasebenzi. Mhlawumbe lesi sihloko sizosiza othile ukuba abe nesineke, afunde kanzima, futhi aqale ukukhula ngendlela enenzuzo kakhulu. Omunye uzoqunga isibindi nama-data ukuze akhulume nomphathi mayelana nokunyuswa kweholo. Futhi othile ekugcineni uzothatha isinqumo sokushiya i-latitudes yakubo futhi athuthele ayohlala ogwini lwaseThailand.
Noma ngabe ungubani, sikufisela inhlanhla, ngoba usuvele wazi ukuthi ungakhula kuphi futhi kangakanani.
Source: www.habr.com