Kuvame ukuba nemiyalezo ku-inthanethi mayelana nokulwela imvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweminye imithombo yamandla. Ngezinye izikhathi baze babike ukuthi isitshalo samandla elanga sakhiwe kanjani edolobhaneni elilahliwe ukuze izakhamuzi zendawo zijabulele izinzuzo zempucuko hhayi amahora angu-2-3 ngosuku ngenkathi i-generator isebenza, kodwa njalo. Kodwa konke lokhu kukude ngandlela-thile nempilo yethu, ngakho nganquma ukusebenzisa isibonelo sami ukuze ngibonise futhi ngitshele ukuthi isitshalo samandla elanga sendlu yangasese sakhiwe kanjani nokuthi sisebenza kanjani. Ngizokutshela ngazo zonke izigaba: kusukela kumbono kuya ekuvuleni wonke amadivayisi, futhi ngizokwabelana ngolwazi lwami lokusebenza. I-athikili izoba yinde impela, ukuze labo abangathandi izinhlamvu eziningi bangabuka ividiyo. Lapho ngizamile ukusho okufanayo, kodwa kuzobonakala ukuthi konke lokhu ngikuqoqa kanjani mina.
Idatha yokuqala: indlu yangasese enendawo engaba ngu-200 m2 ixhunywe kugridi yamandla. Okokufaka kwezigaba ezintathu, amandla aphelele angu-15 kW. Indlu inesethi evamile yezinto zikagesi: amafriji, amathelevishini, amakhompiyutha, imishini yokuwasha, imishini yokugeza izitsha, njalonjalo. Igridi yamandla ayihlukile ngokuzinza: irekhodi engilirekhodile lalicishiwe izinsuku ezingu-6 zilandelana isikhathi esingamahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-8.
Ofuna ukukuthola: khohlwa ngokucisha kukagesi futhi usebenzise ugesi noma ngabe kwenzekani.
Yiziphi amabhonasi angaba khona: Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga, ukuze indlu inikwe amandla ngokuyinhloko amandla elanga, futhi ukuntuleka kuthathwa kunethiwekhi. Njengebhonasi, ngemva kokwamukelwa komthetho wokudayiswa kukagesi kugridi ngabantu abazimele, baqale ukunxephezela ingxenye yezindleko zabo ngokuthengisa ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kugridi yamandla jikelele.
Where ukuqala?
Kukhona okungenani izindlela ezimbili zokuxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga: zifunde wena noma ubeke isixazululo komunye umuntu. Inketho yokuqala ihilela ukutadisha izinto ze-theory, izinkundla zokufunda, ukuxhumana nabanikazi bezitshalo zamandla elanga, ukulwa namaxoxo angaphakathi futhi, ekugcineni, ukuthenga imishini, bese ukufakwa. Inketho yesibili: shayela inkampani ekhethekile, lapho izobuza khona imibuzo eminingi, ikhethe futhi ithengise imishini edingekayo, futhi mhlawumbe ifake ngemali ethile. Nganquma ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili. Ngokwengxenye ngoba kuyathakazelisa kimi, futhi ngokwengxenye ukuze ngingahlangani nabathengisi abafuna nje ukwenza imali ngokuthengisa okuthile okungekona lokho kanye engikudingayo. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ithiyori iqonde ukuthi ngenza kanjani ukukhetha kwami.
Isithombe sibonisa isibonelo "sokusebenzisa" imali yokwakha indawo yokuphehla amandla elanga. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amaphaneli elanga afakwe NGEMVA kwesihlahla - ngakho akukho ukukhanya okufika kuwo futhi awasebenzi.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla elanga
Ake ngiphawule ngokushesha ukuthi ngeke ngikhulume ngezixazululo zezimboni noma izinhlelo ezisindayo, kodwa mayelana nesitshalo samandla elanga esivamile sabathengi sendlu encane. Angiyona i-oligarch yokulahla imali, kodwa nginamathela esimisweni sokucabangela ngokunengqondo. Okungukuthi, angifuni ukushisa ichibi ngogesi βwelangaβ noma ukushaja imoto kagesi engingenayo, kodwa ngifuna zonke izinto ezisebenza endlini yami zisebenze ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kokubheka igridi kagesi. .
Manje ngizokutshela mayelana nezinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla elanga zendlu yangasese. Ngokuvamile, kukhona ezintathu kuphela zazo, kodwa kukhona ukuhluka. Ngizozihlela ngokwezindleko ezikhulayo zohlelo ngalunye.
I-Network Solar Power Plant - lolu hlobo lwemishini yamandla luhlanganisa izindleko eziphansi kanye nokusebenza kalula okukhulu. Iqukethe izakhi ezimbili kuphela: ama-solar panel kanye ne-inverter yenethiwekhi. Ugesi ovela kumaphaneli elanga uguqulwa ngokuqondile ube ngu-220V/380V ekhaya futhi usetshenziswe amasistimu asekhaya. Kodwa kune-drawback ephawulekayo: i-ESS idinga inethiwekhi yomgogodla ukuze isebenze. Uma igridi yamandla yangaphandle ivaliwe, ama-solar panel azophenduka "ithanga" futhi ayeke ukukhiqiza ugesi, ngoba ekusebenzeni kwe-inverter exhunywe kwigridi, inethiwekhi yokusekela iyadingeka, okungukuthi, khona kanye ukuba khona kukagesi. Ukwengeza, nengqalasizinda yegridi yamandla ekhona, ukusebenzisa i-inverter eboshwe ngegridi akuyona inzuzo kakhulu. Isibonelo: unemishini yelanga engu-3 kW, futhi indlu yakho idla i-1 kW. Ukweqile "kuzogeleza" kunethiwekhi, futhi amamitha avamile abala amandla "modulo", okungukuthi, amandla anikezwe kunethiwekhi azobalwa imitha njengoba kudliwe, futhi usazoyikhokhela. Umbuzo onengqondo lapha uwukuthi: yini okufanele uyenze ngamandla angaphezu kwamandla nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani? Ake siqhubekele ohlotsheni lwesibili lwezitshalo zamandla elanga.
IHybrid Solar Power Plant - lolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla luhlanganisa izinzuzo zenethiwekhi kanye nesitshalo samandla esizimele. Iqukethe izinto ezi-4: amaphaneli elanga, isilawuli selanga, amabhethri kanye ne-hybrid inverter. Isisekelo sayo yonke into iyi-inverter ye-hybrid, ekwazi ukuxuba amandla akhiqizwa ama-solar panel kumandla asetshenziswe kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-inverter amahle anekhono lokubeka phambili amandla asetshenzisiwe. Okufanelekile, indlu kufanele iqale idle amandla avela kuma-solar panel futhi kuphela uma kukhona ukushoda kwayo, ithole kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. Uma inethiwekhi yangaphandle inyamalala, i-inverter iya ekusebenzeni okuzimele futhi isebenzisa amandla avela kumaphaneli elanga namandla agcinwe kumabhethri. Ngale ndlela, ngisho noma amandla ephela isikhathi eside futhi kuwusuku olunamafu (noma amandla aphuma ebusuku), konke okusendlini kuzosebenza. Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze uma ugesi ungekho nhlobo, kodwa udinga ukuphila ngandlela-thile? Lapha ngidlulela ohlotsheni lwesithathu lwesikhungo sikagesi.
I-Autonomous Solar Power Plant - lolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla lukuvumela ukuthi uphile ngokuphelele ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwamagridi wamandla angaphandle. Kungase kuhlanganise izinto ezijwayelekile ezingaphezu kwezi-4: amaphaneli elanga, isilawuli selanga, ibhethri, i-inverter.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi esikhundleni sama-solar panel, i-HydroElectroStation enamandla aphansi, isitshalo samandla omoya, noma i-generator (i-diesel, igesi noma i-petroli) ingafakwa. Njengomthetho, izikhungo ezinjalo zinejeneretha, njengoba kungase kungabikho ilanga nomoya, futhi amandla okunikezwa kwamandla kumabhethri akupheli - kulokhu, i-generator iqala futhi inikeza amandla kuso sonke isikhungo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ishaja ibhethri. . Isitshalo samandla esinjalo singashintshwa kalula sibe yingxubevange ngokuxhuma inethiwekhi yangaphandle yamandla kagesi, uma i-inverter inale misebenzi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-inverter ezimele kanye ne-hybrid eyodwa ukuthi ayikwazi ukuxuba amandla avela kumaphaneli elanga namandla avela kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-inverter ye-hybrid, ngokuphambene nalokho, ingasebenza njengokuzimela uma inethiwekhi yangaphandle ivaliwe. Njengomthetho, ama-inverters e-hybrid afaniswa ngentengo nalawo azimele ngokuphelele, futhi uma ehluka, akubalulekile.
Yini isilawuli selanga?
Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla elanga zine-solar controller. Ngisho nasendaweni yesikhungo samandla elanga exhunywe kugridi ikhona, imane iyingxenye ye-inverter exhunywe kugridi. Futhi ama-inverter amaningi e-hybrid akhiqizwa ngezilawuli zelanga ebhodini. Iyini futhi ingeyani? Ngizokhuluma nge-hybrid kanye nesitshalo samandla elanga esizimele, njengoba lokhu kuyindaba yami impela, futhi ngingakutshela kabanzi mayelana nokuklanywa kwe-inverter yenethiwekhi kumazwana uma kukhona izicelo kumazwana.
Isilawuli selanga yidivayisi eguqula amandla atholwe kumaphaneli elanga abe amandla agaywe yi-inverter. Isibonelo, ama-solar panel akhiqizwa nge-voltage eyi-multiple ye-12V. Futhi amabhethri akhiqizwa ngobuningi be-12V, kunjalo nje. Amasistimu alula anamandla angu-1-2 kW asebenza ku-12V. Amasistimu okukhiqiza angu-2-3 kW asevele asebenza ku-24V, futhi amasistimu anamandla angu-4-5 kW noma ngaphezulu asebenza ku-48V. Manje ngizocubungula izinhlelo "zasekhaya" kuphela, ngoba ngiyazi ukuthi kukhona ama-inverters asebenza ngama-voltage angamakhulu amaningana ama-volts, kodwa lokhu sekuvele kuyingozi ekhaya.
Ngakho-ke, ake sithi sinesistimu ye-48V kanye namaphaneli elanga angu-36V (iphaneli ihlanganiswe ngokuphindaphinda okungu-3x12V). Ungayithola kanjani i-48V edingekayo ukuze usebenzise i-inverter? Yiqiniso, ibhethri engu-48V ixhunywe ku-inverter, futhi isilawuli selanga sixhunywe kulawa mabhethri ngakolunye uhlangothi namaphaneli elanga kolunye. Amaphaneli elanga ahlanganiswe ngamandla kagesi aphezulu ngamabomu ukuze akwazi ukushaja ibhethri. Isilawuli selanga, sithola i-voltage ngokusobala ephakeme evela kumaphaneli elanga, siguqula le voltage ibe yinani elidingekayo bese siyidlulisela ebhethrini. Lokhu kwenziwa lula. Kukhona izilawuli ezinganciphisa i-150-200 V kusuka kumaphaneli elanga kuya ku-12 V amabhethri, kodwa ama-currents amakhulu kakhulu ageleza lapha futhi isilawuli sisebenza ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Icala elihle kakhulu lapho i-voltage evela kumaphaneli elanga iphindwe kabili i-voltage ebhethri.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezilawuli zelanga: i-PWM (PWM - I-Pulse Width Modulation) ne-MPPT (Ukulandelela Amaphuzu Amandla Okukhulu). Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwabo ukuthi isilawuli se-PWM singasebenza kuphela namaqoqo amaphaneli angeqi i-voltage yebhethri. I-MPPT - isilawuli singasebenza ngokudlula okubonakalayo kwamandla kagesi ahlobene nebhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilawuli ze-MPPT zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Ungakhetha kanjani ama-solar panel?
Ekuboneni kokuqala, wonke ama-solar panels ayafana: amaseli amaseli elanga axhunywe ngamabhasi, futhi ohlangothini olungemuva kukhona izintambo ezimbili: plus and minus. Kodwa kukhona ama-nuances amaningi kule ndaba. Amaphaneli elanga avela ezintweni ezahlukene: i-amorphous, i-polycrystalline, i-monocrystalline. Ngeke ngilwele uhlobo olulodwa lwesici noma olunye. Mangisho nje ukuthi mina ngokwami ββngithanda amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ibhethri ngalinye lelanga liyikhekhe elinezingqimba ezine: ingilazi, ifilimu ye-EVA esobala, iseli yelanga, ifilimu yokuvala. Futhi lapha zonke izigaba zibaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona nje noma iyiphi ingilazi efanelekile, kodwa ngokuthungwa okukhethekile, okunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya futhi kunqande isigameko sokukhanya nge-engeli ukuze izakhi zikhanyiswe ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba inani lamandla akhiqizwayo lincike ekukhanyeni kokukhanya. Ukuba sobala kwefilimu ye-EVA kunquma ukuthi mangakanani amandla afinyelela ku-elementi nokuthi mangakanani amandla akhiqizwa iphaneli. Uma ifilimu ibonakala inesici futhi iba namafu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kuzokwehla ngokuphawulekayo.
Okulandelayo kuza izakhi ngokwazo, futhi zisakazwa ngohlobo, kuye ngekhwalithi: IBanga A, B, C, D nokunye. Yiqiniso, kungcono ukuba nezakhi zekhwalithi A kanye ne-soldering enhle, ngoba ngokuthintana okungalungile, isici sizoshisa futhi sehluleke ngokushesha. Yebo, ifilimu yokuqeda kufanele futhi ibe yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi inikeze ukubekwa uphawu okuhle. Uma amapaneli ecindezeleka, umswakama uzongena ngokushesha ezintweni, ukugqwala kuzoqala, futhi iphaneli nayo izohluleka.
Ungakhetha kanjani iphaneli yelanga efanele? Umkhiqizi oyinhloko wezwe lethu yi-China, nakuba kukhona nabakhiqizi baseRussia emakethe. Kunezimboni eziningi ze-OEM ezizonamathisela noma yiliphi i-nameplate eli-odwe futhi lithumele amaphaneli ekhasimendeni. Futhi kukhona izimboni ezihlinzeka ngomjikelezo ogcwele wokukhiqiza futhi ezikwazi ukulawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza. Ungathola kanjani mayelana nezimboni nemikhiqizo enjalo? Kukhona amalabhorethri ambalwa ahloniphekile enza izivivinyo ezizimele zamaphaneli elanga futhi ashicilele obala imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, ungafaka igama kanye nemodeli yephaneli yelanga futhi uthole ukuthi iphaneli yelanga ifanelana kanjani nezici ezishiwo. I-laboratory yokuqala , neyesibili . Uma umkhiqizi wephaneli engekho kulezi zinhlu, kufanele ucabange ngekhwalithi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi iphaneli yimbi. Ukuthi nje umkhiqizo ungase ube yi-OEM, futhi isitshalo sokukhiqiza siphinde sikhiqize amanye amaphaneli. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuba khona ohlwini lwalezi zilabhorethri kakade kubonisa ukuthi awuwathengi ama-solar panel kumkhiqizi we-fly-by-night.
Inketho yami yesikhungo samandla elanga
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufanelekile ukucacisa uhla lwemisebenzi esethelwe isitshalo samandla elanga, ukuze ungakhokhi lokho okungadingekile futhi ungakhokhi ngokweqile lokho okungasetshenzisiwe. Lapha ngizoqhubekela phambili ngizilolonge, kanjani futhi ngenzeni mina. Okokuqala, umgomo kanye namaphuzu okuqala: emzaneni ugesi unqanyulwa ngezikhathi ezithile isikhathi sesigamu sehora kuya kumahora angu-8. Ukunqamuka kungenzeka kanye ngenyanga noma izinsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana. Umsebenzi: ukunikeza indlu amandla kagesi ubusuku nemini ngomkhawulo othile wokusebenzisa ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwenethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphepha okuyinhloko kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela impilo kufanele zisebenze, okungukuthi: isiteshi sokupompa, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kanye nesistimu ye-alamu, i-router, iseva nayo yonke ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, izibani namakhompyutha, kanye nesiqandisi kufanele sisebenze. Okwesibili: Ama-TV, amasistimu okuzijabulisa, amathuluzi kagesi (umtshini wotshani, isilungisi, iphampu yokuchelela engadini). Ungavala: i-boiler, i-kettle kagesi, insimbi nezinye izinto zokushisa nezokusebenzisa kakhulu, ukusebenza okungabalulekile ngokushesha. Igedlela lingabiliswa esitofini segesi bese li-ayinwa kamuva.
Ngokuvamile, ungathenga isitshalo samandla elanga endaweni eyodwa. Abathengisi bephaneli yelanga nabo bathengisa zonke izinto ezihlobene, ngakho-ke ngaqala ukusesha kwami ββngamaphaneli elanga njengendawo yami yokuqala. Enye yemikhiqizo ehlonishwayo yi-TopRay Solar. Kukhona ukubuyekezwa okuhle ngabo kanye nesipiliyoni sangempela sokusebenza eRussia, ikakhulukazi e-Krasnodar Territory, lapho bazi okuningi ngelanga. E-Russian Federation kukhona umsabalalisi osemthethweni kanye nabathengisi ngesifunda, kumasayithi ashiwo ngenhla anelabhorethri yokuhlola ama-solar panel, lo mkhiqizo ukhona futhi awukho endaweni yokugcina, okungukuthi, ungayithatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ethengisa ama-solar panels, i-TopRay, iphinde ikhiqize izilawuli zayo kanye ne-electronics yengqalasizinda yomgwaqo: izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi, izibani ze-LED, izimpawu ezikhanyayo, izilawuli zelanga, njll. Ngenxa yelukuluku, ngaze ngacela ukukhiqizwa kwabo - kuthuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe futhi kukhona namantombazane aziyo ukuthi angasondela yiphi indlela ensimbi. Kuyenzeka!
Ngohlu lwami lwezifiso, ngabaphendukela ngabacela ukuthi bangihlanganisele ukucupha okumbalwa: kubiza kakhulu futhi kushibhile ekhaya lami. Ngibuzwe imibuzo embalwa ecacisayo mayelana namandla agodliwe, ukutholakala kwabathengi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu nokuqhubekayo. Lokhu kwakamuva kuvele ukuthi bekungalindelekile kimina: indlu ekwimodi yokonga amandla, lapho izinhlelo zokugada amavidiyo kuphela, izinhlelo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi zisebenza, zisebenzisa i-300-350 W. Okusho ukuthi, ngisho noma kungekho muntu osebenzisa ugesi ekhaya, kufika ku-215 kWh ngenyanga kusetshenziselwa izidingo zangaphakathi. Lapha yilapho uzocabanga ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamandla. Futhi uzoqala ukukhipha amashaja, ama-TV, namabhokisi okusetha phezulu asuka ezisokisini, adla kancane kumodi yokulinda, kodwa asasebenzisa inani elifanelekile lamandla.
Ngeke ngikhathazeke ngakho, ngizinze ohlelweni olushibhile, njengoba ngokuvamile kufika kuhhafu yenani lesizinda samandla lingathathwa ngezindleko zamabhethri. Uhlu lwemishini lumi kanje:
- - ama-9 ama-pcs
- 5kW Single Phase Hybrid Inverter - ama-1 ama-pcs
- Ibhetri - ama-4 ama-pcs
Ukwengeza, nganikezwa ukuthenga uhlelo oluchwepheshile lokunamathisela amaphaneli elanga ophahleni, kodwa ngemva kokubuka izithombe, nganquma ukwenza izikhwebu zokuzenzela kanye nokonga imali. Kodwa nginqume ukuhlanganisa isistimu ngokwami ββfuthi angizange ngiyeke umzamo nesikhathi, futhi izifaki zisebenza nalezi zinhlelo njalo futhi ziqinisekisa imiphumela esheshayo nephezulu. Ngakho-ke zinqumele wena: kumnandi kakhulu futhi kulula ukusebenza ngezinsimbi zasefekthri, futhi isisombululo sami sishibhile.
Yini ehlinzekwa yisikhungo samandla elanga?
Le kit ingakhiqiza amandla afinyelela kwangu-5 kW kumodi yokuzimela - lawa amandla engiwakhethele inverter enesigaba esisodwa. Uma uthenga i-inverter efanayo kanye ne-interface module yayo, ungakwazi ukwandisa amandla ku-5 kW + 5 kW = 10 kW ngesigaba ngasinye. Noma ungenza uhlelo lwezigaba ezintathu, kodwa okwamanje ngigculisekile ngalokho. I-inverter i-high-frequency, ngakho-ke ilula kakhulu (cishe i-15 kg) futhi ithatha indawo encane - ingafakwa kalula odongeni. Isivele inezilawuli ze-MPPT ezingu-2 ezakhelwe kuyo ngamandla angu-2,5 kW ngayinye, okusho ukuthi ngingakwazi ukwengeza inani elifanayo lamaphaneli ngaphandle kokuthenga izinto zokusebenza ezengeziwe.
Nginamaphaneli elanga angu-2520 W ngokusho kwe-nameplate, kodwa ngenxa ye-engeli yokufaka engeyona efanele akhiqiza kancane - ubukhulu engibubonile bekungu-2400 W. I-engeli efanelekile i-perpendicular elangeni, okuthi kuma-latitudes acishe abe ngama-degree angu-45 ukuya emkhathizwe. Amaphaneli ami afakwe ku-30 ββdegrees.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhethri kungu-100A*h 48V, okusho ukuthi, 4,8 kW*h egciniwe, kodwa kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukuthatha amandla ngokuphelele, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi insiza yabo iyancipha ngokuphawulekayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhiphe amabhethri anjalo angabi ngaphezu kwama-50%. Lezi ze-lithium iron phosphate noma i-lithium titanate zingashajwa futhi zikhishwe ngokujulile futhi zibe nemisinga ephezulu, kuyilapho ezi-lead-acid, kungaba uketshezi, ijeli noma i-AGM, kungcono ukungaphoqeleli. Ngakho-ke, nginengxenye yomthamo, okuyi-2,4 kWh, okungukuthi, cishe amahora angu-8 kumodi yokuzimela ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwelanga. Lokhu kwanele ngobusuku bokusebenza kwawo wonke amasistimu futhi kusazoba nohhafu womthamo webhethri osele kumodi yesimo esiphuthumayo. Ekuseni ilanga selizophuma futhi liqale ukushaja ibhethri, ngesikhathi esifanayo linikeza indlu ngamandla. Okusho ukuthi, indlu ingasebenza ngokuzimele kule modi uma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncishisiwe futhi isimo sezulu sisihle. Ukuze uthole ukuzimela okuphelele, kungakwazi ukwengeza amabhethri engeziwe kanye nejeneretha. Phela, ebusika kukhona ilanga elincane kakhulu futhi ngeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-generator.
Ngiyaqala ukuqoqa
Ngaphambi kokuthenga nokuhlanganisa, kuyadingeka ukubala lonke uhlelo ukuze ungenzi iphutha ngendawo yazo zonke izinhlelo nokuhamba kwekhebula. Kusukela kuma-solar panel kuya ku-inverter nginamamitha angaba ngu-25-30 futhi ngibeke izintambo ezimbili eziguquguqukayo nge-cross-section ye-6 sq. mm kusengaphambili, ngoba zizodlulisela i-voltage kuze kufike ku-100V kanye ne-current ye-25-30A. Le majini yezigaba ezihlukene ikhethwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ocingweni futhi kukhuliswe ukulethwa kwamandla kumadivayisi. Ngazigxumeka amaphaneli elanga ngokwawo eziqondisweni ezenziwe ekhaya ezenziwe ngamakhona e-aluminium futhi ngawanamathisela ngezixhumi zokuzenzela. Ukuze uvimbele iphaneli ukuthi ingasheleli phansi, amabhawodi angu-30mm abheke phezulu ekhoneni le-aluminium elibhekene nephaneli ngayinye, futhi asebenza njengohlobo βlwehukuβ lwamaphaneli. Ngemuva kokufakwa azibonakali, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokuthwala umthwalo.
Amaphaneli elanga ahlanganiswe abe amabhlogo amathathu anamaphaneli ama-3 lilinye. Emabhuloki, amaphaneli axhunywe ochungechungeni - ngale ndlela i-voltage iphakanyiswe ku-115V ngaphandle komthwalo futhi yamanje yancishiswa, okusho ukuthi ungakhetha izintambo ze-cross-section encane. Amabhulokhi axhunywe ngokuhambisana komunye nomunye kusetshenziswa izixhumi ezikhethekile eziqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle nokuqina kokuxhumana - okubizwa nge-MC4. Ngiphinde ngawasebenzisa ukuxhuma izintambo kusilawuli selanga, njengoba zinikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile kanye nokuvulwa kwesekethe okusheshayo ukuze kulungiswe.
Okulandelayo siqhubekela phambili ekufakweni endlini. Amabhethri ashajwe kusengaphambili ngeshaja yemoto ehlakaniphile ukuze alinganise amandla kagesi futhi axhunywe ochungechungeni ukuze anikeze ama-48V. Okulandelayo, baxhunywe ku-inverter ngentambo ene-cross-section ye-25 mm square. Ngendlela, lapho uqala ukuxhuma ibhethri ku-inverter, kuzoba nenhlansi ebonakalayo koxhumana nabo. Uma ungazange uhlanganise i-polarity, khona-ke konke kuhamba kahle - i-inverter ine-capacitor capacitor efakiwe futhi iqala ukushaja lapho ixhunywe kumabhethri. Amandla aphezulu we-inverter ngu-5000 W, okusho ukuthi okwamanje okungadlula ngocingo kusuka ebhethri kuzoba ngu-100-110A. Ikhebula elikhethiwe lanele ukusebenza ngokuphephile. Ngemva kokuxhuma ibhethri, ungakwazi ukuxhuma inethiwekhi yangaphandle kanye nomthwalo ekhaya. Izintambo zixhunywe kumabhulokhi wokugcina: isigaba, ukungathathi hlangothi, phansi. Konke lapha kulula futhi kucacile, kodwa uma kungaphephile ukuthi ulungise indawo yokuphuma, khona-ke kungcono ukuphathisa ukuxhuma kwalolu hlelo kochwepheshe bakagesi abanolwazi. Yebo, into yokugcina ihlanganisa ama-solar panel: lapha, futhi, udinga ukuqaphela futhi ungahlanganisi i-polarity. Ngamandla angu-2,5 kW kanye nokuxhumeka okungalungile, isilawuli selanga sizosha ngaso leso sikhathi. Yini engingayisho: ngamandla anjalo, ungakwazi ukushisela ngokuqondile kuma-solar panel, ngaphandle kwe-inverter ye-welding. Lokhu ngeke kuthuthukise impilo yamapaneli elanga, kodwa amandla elanga makhulu ngempela. Njengoba ngisebenzisa futhi izixhumi ze-MC4, akwenzeki ukuhlehlisa i-polarity phakathi nokufakwa okulungile kokuqala.
Konke kuxhunyiwe, okukodwa kokushintsha futhi i-inverter ingena kumodi yokusetha: lapha udinga ukusetha uhlobo lwebhethri, imodi yokusebenza, ukushaja imisinga, njll. Kuneziqondiso ezicacile zalokhu, futhi uma ungakwazi ukubhekana nokusetha i-router, khona-ke ukusetha i-inverter ngeke kube nzima kakhulu. Udinga nje ukwazi amapharamitha ebhethri futhi uwalungiselele ngendlela efanele ukuze ahlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemva kwalokho, hmm... Ngemva kwalokho kuza ingxenye ejabulisayo.
Ukusebenza kwesizinda samandla elanga esiyingxubevange
Ngemva kokwethulwa kwesikhungo sokuphehla amandla elanga, mina nomndeni wami sabuyekeza imikhuba yethu eminingi. Isibonelo, uma ngaphambilini umshini wokuwasha noma umshini wokugeza izitsha waqala ngemva kuka-23:500, lapho intela yasebusuku kugridi yamandla isebenza, manje le misebenzi edla amandla idluliswa emini, ngoba umshini wokuwasha usebenzisa i-2100-400 W ngesikhathi sokusebenza, Umshini wokuwasha udla i-2100-XNUMX W. Kungani kusakazeka kangaka? Ngoba amaphampu nezinjini kudla kancane, kodwa izifudumezi zamanzi zilambele kakhulu amandla. I-ironing nayo yaphenduka "inzuzo eyengeziwe" futhi ijabulisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku: igumbi lilula kakhulu, futhi amandla elanga ahlanganisa ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi. Isithombe-skrini sibonisa igrafu yokukhiqizwa kwamandla avela embonini yamandla elanga. Ukuphakama kwasekuseni kubonakala ngokucacile, lapho umshini wokuwasha usebenza futhi udla amandla amaningi - lawa mandla akhiqizwa ama-solar panel.
Izinsuku zokuqala ngakhuphukela ku-inverter izikhathi eziningana ukuze ngibheke isikrini sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Ngabe sengifaka insiza kuseva yami yasekhaya, ekhombisa imodi yokusebenza ye-inverter kanye nawo wonke amapharamitha wegridi yamandla ngesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, isithombe-skrini sibonisa ukuthi indlu idla ngaphezu kuka-2 kW wamandla (into yamandla esebenzayo ephumayo ye-AC) futhi wonke la mandla aboleka kumaphaneli elanga (into yamandla okufakwayo ye-PV1). Okusho ukuthi, i-inverter, esebenza kumodi ye-hybrid enamandla amakhulu avela elangeni, ihlanganisa ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamadivayisi avela elangeni. Akuyona yini injabulo lena? Nsuku zonke ikholomu entsha yokukhiqiza amandla yayivela etafuleni futhi lokhu kwakungeke kujabule. Futhi lapho ugesi uvaliwe kuwo wonke umuzi, ngathola ngakho kuphela kusuka ku-squeak ye-inverter, engazisa ukuthi yayisebenza kwimodi yokuzimela. Kuyo yonke indlu, lokhu kwakusho into eyodwa kuphela: siphila njengakuqala, kuyilapho omakhelwane bekha amanzi ngamabhakede.
Kodwa kukhona ama-nuances okuba nesitshalo samandla elanga ekhaya:
- Ngaqala ukuqaphela ukuthi izinyoni ziyawathanda ama-solar panel futhi lapho zindiza phezu kwawo, azikwazi kodwa ukujabula ngokuba khona kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe endaweni. Okusho ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi ama-solar panel asadinga ukugezwa ukuze asuse iminonjana nothuli. Ngicabanga ukuthi uma efakwe ku-45 degrees, yonke imikhondo ingamane ikhukhulwe yimvula. Okukhiphayo okuvela kumathrekhi ezinyoni amaningana awehli nhlobo, kodwa uma ingxenye yephaneli imthunzi, ukwehla kokuphumayo kuyabonakala. Ngakuqaphela lokhu lapho ilanga liqala ukushona futhi ithunzi elivela ophahleni liqala ukumboza amapulangwe ngokulandelana. Okusho ukuthi, kungcono ukubeka amaphaneli kude nazo zonke izakhiwo ezingaba nomthunzi. Kodwa ngisho nakusihlwa, ngokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe, amaphaneli akhiqiza ama-watts angamakhulu amaningana.
- Ngamandla aphezulu amaphaneli elanga kanye nokupompa ama-Watts angu-700 noma ngaphezulu, i-inverter ivula abalandeli ngokukhuthele kakhulu futhi izwakala uma umnyango wegumbi lobuchwepheshe uvuliwe. Lapha ungavala umnyango noma ukhweze i-inverter odongeni usebenzisa ama-daping pads. Empeleni, akukho okungalindelekile: noma iyiphi i-electronics iyashisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Udinga nje ukucabangela ukuthi i-inverter akufanele ifakwe endaweni lapho ingaphazamisa khona umsindo wokusebenza kwayo.
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lobunikazi lungathumela izexwayiso nge-imeyili noma nge-SMS uma kwenzeka noma yimuphi umcimbi: ukuvula/ukuvala inethiwekhi yangaphandle, ibhethri eliphansi, njll. Kodwa uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ku-port 25 ye-SMTP engavikelekile, futhi zonke izinsizakalo ze-imeyili zanamuhla, njenge-gmail.com noma i-mail.ru, zisebenza ku-port evikelekile 465. Okusho ukuthi, manje, empeleni, izaziso ze-imeyili azifiki, kodwa ngingathanda .
Akusho ukuthi la maphuzu ngandlela-thile ayacasula, ngoba umuntu kufanele ahlale elwela ukuphelela, kodwa ukuzimela kwamandla okukhona kuwufanele.
isiphetho
Ngikholwa ukuthi lena akuyona indaba yami yokugcina mayelana nesizinda sami samandla elanga. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene nangezikhathi ezihlukene zonyaka kuzohluka nakanjani, kodwa ngiyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngisho noma ugesi uphela ngoSuku Lonyaka Omusha, kuyoba nokukhanya endlini yami. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokusebenza kwesitshalo samandla elanga esifakiwe, ngingasho ukuthi bekufanelekile. Ukucima kwenethiwekhi okuningana kwangaphandle akuzange kubonwe. Ngithole mayelana nezimbalwa kuphela ngezingcingo ezivela komakhelwane nombuzo othi βIngabe nawe awunakho ukukhanya?β Izibalo ezisebenzayo zokuphehla ugesi zijabulisa kakhulu, futhi nekhono lokususa i-UPS kukhompyutha, wazi ukuthi noma ugesi ucisha, konke kuzoqhubeka nokusebenza kuhle. Yebo, lapho ekugcineni sidlulisela umthetho wokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu ngabanye bathengise ugesi kunethiwekhi, ngizoba ngowokuqala ukufaka isicelo salo msebenzi, ngoba ku-inverter kwanele ukuguqula iphuzu elilodwa nawo wonke amandla akhiqizwayo, kodwa angasetshenzisiwe. ngendlu, ngizodayisela inethiwekhi futhi ngithole imali yayo. Ngokuvamile, kube lula, kuyasebenza futhi kulula. Ngilungele ukuphendula imibuzo yakho futhi ngimelane nokuhlasela kwabagxeki abaqinisekisa wonke umuntu ukuthi ezindaweni zethu isitshalo samandla elanga siyithoyizi.
Source: www.habr.com