Umthuthukisi we-typography yomthombo ovulekile u-Matthew Butterick kanye ne-Joseph Saveri Law Firm bafake icala (PDF) ngokumelene nabakhi bobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kusevisi ye-GitHub's Copilot. Abamangalelwa bahlanganisa iMicrosoft, GitHub kanye nezinkampani ezengamele iphrojekthi ye-OpenAI, ekhiqize imodeli yokukhiqiza ikhodi ye-OpenAI Codex engaphansi kwe-GitHub Copilot. Ukuqulwa kwecala kuzama ukubandakanya inkantolo ekunqumeni ukuba semthethweni kokudala amasevisi afana ne-GitHub Copilot kanye nokunquma ukuthi ingabe lezi zinsizakalo ziyawephula yini amalungelo abanye onjiniyela.
Imisebenzi yabamangalelwa iqhathaniswe nokudalwa kohlobo olusha lobugebengu be-software, okusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwekhodi ekhona kusetshenziswa amasu okufunda ngomshini nokubavumela ukuba bazuze emsebenzini wabanye abantu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Copilot nakho kubonakala njengokwethulwa kwendlela entsha yokwenza imali ngomsebenzi wabathuthukisi be-software yomthombo ovulekile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-GitHub yayithembise ngaphambilini ukuthi ngeke ikwenze lokhu.
Ukuma kwabamangali kuncike eqinisweni lokuthi umphumela wokukhiqiza ikhodi ngesistimu yokufunda yomshini oqeqeshwe emibhalweni yomthombo etholakala esidlangalaleni awukwazi ukuhunyushwa njengomsebenzi omusha nozimele ngokuyisisekelo, njengoba kuwumphumela wokucubungula ama-algorithms ikhodi ekhona kakade. Ngokwabamangali, u-Copilot ukhiqiza kabusha kuphela ikhodi enezikhombo eziqondile zekhodi ekhona kumakhosombe asesidlangalaleni, futhi ukukhohlisa okunjalo akuweli ngaphansi kwemibandela yokusetshenziswa okufanele. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlanganiswa kwekhodi ku-GitHub Copilot kubhekwa abamangali njengokwakhiwa komsebenzi osuselwe kukhodi ekhona, esatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwamalayisensi athile nokuba nababhali abathile.
Ikakhulukazi, lapho kuqeqeshwa uhlelo lwe-Copilot, ikhodi isetshenziswa esatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwamalayisensi avulekile, ezimweni eziningi ezidinga isaziso sobunikazi (i-attribution). Le mfuneko ayifinyelelwa lapho kukhiqizwa ikhodi ewumphumela, okuwukwephula okusobala kwamalayisensi amaningi omthombo ovulekile njenge-GPL, MIT ne-Apache. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Copilot yephula imigomo yesevisi nobumfihlo ye-GitHub, ayihambisani ne-DMCA, evimbela ukususwa kolwazi lwe-copyright, kanye ne-CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act), elawula ukuphathwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
Umbhalo wecala unikeza isibalo esilinganiselwe somonakalo odalwe emphakathini ngenxa yemisebenzi ka-Copilot. Ngaphansi kweSigaba 1202 se-Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), ubuncane bomonakalo ngu-$2500 ekuphuleni umthetho ngakunye. Kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi insizakalo ye-Copilot inabasebenzisi abayizigidi eziyi-1.2 futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho isevisi isetshenziswa, kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwe-DMCA okuthathu (i-attribution, copyright kanye nemibandela yelayisensi), inani elincane lomonakalo ophelele lilinganiselwa ku-9 billion dollars (1200000 * 3). $2500).
Inhlangano yamalungelo abantu iSoftware Freedom Conservancy (SFC), eke yagxeka i-GitHub kanye ne-Copilot, iphawule ngecala ngesincomo sokuthi ingagudluki komunye wemigomo yayo eshiwo phambilini lapho kuvikela izintshisekelo zomphakathi - "umthetho ogxile emphakathini kufanele hhayi ukubeka phambili inzuzo yemali.β Ngokusho kwe-SFC, izenzo ze-Copilot azamukeleki ngokuyinhloko ngoba zibukela phansi indlela ye-copyleft, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka ngamalungelo alinganayo kubasebenzisi, abathuthukisi nabathengi. Amaphrojekthi amaningi afakwe ku-Copilot asatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwamalayisense e-copyleft, njenge-GPL, edinga ukuthi ikhodi yemisebenzi ephuma kokunye isatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwelayisensi ehambisanayo. Ngokufaka ikhodi ekhona njengoba kuphakanyiswe u-Copilot, onjiniyela bangase baphule ilayisensi yephrojekthi lapho ikhodi ebolekwe khona.
Masikhumbule ukuthi ehlobo i-GitHub yethule insizakalo entsha yezohwebo, i-GitHub Copilot, eqeqeshwe ngohlu lwemibhalo yomthombo ethunyelwe kumakhosombe asesidlangalaleni e-GitHub, futhi ekwazi ukukhiqiza imiklamo evamile lapho ibhala ikhodi. Isevisi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amabhulokhi ekhodi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi amakhulu, kuze kufike emisebenzini esenziwe ngomumo engaphinda iziqephu zombhalo ezivela kumaphrojekthi akhona. Ngokusho kwe-GitHub, uhlelo luzama ukwenza kabusha ukwakheka kwekhodi kunokukopisha ikhodi ngokwayo, nokho, cishe ezimweni ezingu-1%, isincomo esihlongozwayo singafaka amazwibela ekhodi amaphrojekthi akhona anezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-150 ubude. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushintshwa kwekhodi ekhona, i-Copilot inesihlungi esakhelwe ngaphakathi esihlola ukuphambana kwemigwaqo namaphrojekthi asingathwe ku-GitHub, kodwa lesi sihlungi senziwe sisebenze ngokubona komsebenzisi.
Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba icala lifakwe, i-GitHub yamemezela inhloso yayo yokusebenzisa isici ngo-2023 esizovumela ukulandelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingcezu ezikhiqizwe ku-Copilot kanye nekhodi ekhona kumakhosombe. Onjiniyela bazokwazi ukubuka uhlu lwekhodi efanayo eseluvele lukhona kumakhosombe asesidlangalaleni, kanye nokuhlunga izimpambano ngelayisensi yekhodi kanye nesikhathi sokulungiswa.
Source: opennet.ru