Okuncane mayelana nokuthi "isayensi yekhompiyutha" yesikole yayinjani ngeminyaka yawo-90s, nokuthi kungani bonke abahleli bezinhlelo ngaleso sikhathi babezifundisa bona kuphela.
Lokho izingane ezifundiswe ukuhlela kukho
Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, izikole zaseMoscow zaqala ukuhlonyiswa ngamakilasi ekhompyutha. Ngokushesha amakamelo afakwe imigoqo emafasiteleni nomnyango oboshwe ngensimbi osindayo. Kwenye indawo, kwavela uthisha wesayensi yekhompiyutha (wayebukeka njengomngane obaluleke kakhulu ngemuva komqondisi), umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho muntu othinta lutho. Lutho neze. Ngisho nomnyango wangaphambili.
Emakilasini umuntu angathola ngokuvamile i-BK-0010 (ezinhlobonhlobo zayo) nezinhlelo ze-BK-0011M.
Isithombe sithathiwe
Izingane zatshelwa ngesakhiwo esijwayelekile, kanye nemiyalo engaba yishumi nambili ye-BASIC ukuze zidwebe imigqa nemibuthano esikrinini. Emabangeni aphansi naphakathi, lokhu cishe bekwanele.
Kube nezinkinga ezithile ngokugcina okudaliwe komuntu (izinhlelo). Ngokuvamile, amakhompyutha asebenzisa izilawuli ze-mono-channel ahlanganiswa abe yinethiwekhi ene-topology "yebhasi evamile" kanye nesivinini sokudlulisela esingu-57600 baud. Njengomthetho, kwakukhona i-disk drive eyodwa kuphela, futhi izinto zazivame ukungahambi kahle ngayo. Ngezinye izikhathi iyasebenza, ngezinye izikhathi ayisebenzi, ngezinye izikhathi inethiwekhi iqhwa, ngezinye izikhathi i-floppy disk ayifundeki.
Ngabe sengiphatha le ndalo enamandla angu-360 kB.
Amathuba okuthi ngiphinde ngikhiphe uhlelo lwami kuwo abengamaphesenti angama-50-70.
Nokho, inkinga enkulu ngazo zonke lezi zindaba ngamakhompyutha e-BC kwaba yiqhwa elingapheli.
Lokhu kungenzeka noma kunini, noma ngabe uthayipha ikhodi noma wenza uhlelo. Isistimu eqandisiwe isho ukuthi uchithe imizuzu engama-45 ngeze, ngoba... Kwadingeka ngenze yonke into futhi, kodwa isikhathi sesifundo esisele sasingasenele kulokhu.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1993, kwezinye izikole nama-lyceums, kwavela amakilasi avamile anezimoto ezingu-286, futhi kwezinye izindawo kwakunama-ruble amathathu. Mayelana nezilimi zokuhlela, kwakukhona izinketho ezimbili: lapho "BASIC" iphelile, "Turbo Pascal" yaqala.
Ukuhlelwa ku "Turbo Pascal" usebenzisa isibonelo "samathangi"
Ngokusebenzisa i-Pascal, izingane zafundiswa ukwakha izihibe, ukudweba zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi, nokusebenza ngama-arrays. E-physics ne-mathematics lyceum, lapho "ngahlala" isikhathi esithile, umbhangqwana oyedwa ngesonto wabelwa isayensi yekhompyutha. Futhi iminyaka emibili kukhona le ndawo eyisicefe. Vele, bengifuna ukwenza into engathi sΓna kakhulu kunokubonisa amanani we-array noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-sinusoid esikrinini.
Amathangi
I-Battle City ibingomunye wemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu kuma-NES clone consoles (uDendy, njll.).
Ngo-1996, ukuthandwa kwama-bits angu-8 kwase kudlulile, kade beqoqa uthuli emakamelweni, futhi kwabonakala kupholile kimi ukwenza i-clone ye "Tanks" ye-PC njengento enkulu. Okulandelayo kumayelana nokuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakudingeka kanjani ukuvika ukuze ubhale okuthile ngemifanekiso, igundane nomsindo kuPascal.
Ungakwazi kuphela ukudweba izinti nemibuthano
Ake siqale ngemidwebo.
Enguqulweni yayo eyisisekelo, uPascal ukuvumele ukuthi udwebe ezinye izimo, upende futhi unqume imibala yamaphoyinti. Izinqubo ezithuthuke kakhulu kumojula yeGrafu ezisisondeza kuma-sprites yi-GetImage ne-PutImage. Ngosizo lwabo, kube nokwenzeka ukuthwebula ingxenye yesikrini endaweni yenkumbulo ebigodliwe ngaphambilini bese usebenzisa lesi siqeshana njengesithombe se-bitmap. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ufuna ukuphinda usebenzise ezinye izakhi noma izithombe esikrinini, uzidweba kuqala, uzikopishele ekhanda, usule isikrini, udwebe okulandelayo, njalo njalo uze udale umtapo wolwazi owufunayo ngenkumbulo. Njengoba konke kwenzeka ngokushesha, umsebenzisi akawaqapheli la maqhinga.
Imojula yokuqala lapho ama-sprites asetshenziswa khona kwakungumhleli wemephu.
Yayinenkundla yokudlala emakiwe. Ukuchofoza igundane kuveze imenyu lapho ungakhetha khona okukodwa kokukhethwa kukho kwezithiyo ezine. Ikhuluma ngegundane...
Igundane selivele lisekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s
Yebo, wonke umuntu wayenamagundane, kodwa kuze kube maphakathi nawo-90s ayesetshenziswa kuphela ku-Windows 3.11, amaphakheji wezithombe, nenani elincane lemidlalo. I-Wolf ne-Doom yayidlalwa ngekhibhodi kuphela. Futhi endaweni ye-DOS igundane lalingadingeki ikakhulukazi. Ngakho-ke, i-Borland ayizange ifake ngisho nemodyuli yegundane kuphakheji evamile. Kwadingeka umfune kubangane bakho, abaphakamise izandla baphendule, "Umdinga ngani?"
Kodwa-ke, ukuthola imojula yokuvota igundane kuyingxenye yempi. Ukuze uchofoze izinkinobho ezisesikrinini ngegundane, bekumele zidwetshwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinguqulweni ezimbili (ecindezelwe futhi ayicindezelwe). Inkinobho engacindezelweyo inokukhanya okuphezulu nesithunzi ngaphansi kwayo. Uma icindezelwe, kuba ngenye indlela. Bese uyidweba esikrinini izikhathi ezintathu (hhayi icindezelwe, icindezelwe, ingacindezelwa futhi). Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukusetha ukubambezeleka kokuboniswa, futhi ufihle ikhesa.
Isibonelo, ukucubungula imenyu enkulu ngekhodi kubukeke kanje:
Umsindo - Isipikha se-PC kuphela
Indaba ehlukene enomsindo. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ama-Sound Blaster clones ayesanda kulungiselela imashi yawo yokunqoba, futhi izicelo eziningi zazisebenza kuphela nesipika esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ubukhulu bamandla ayo ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwethoni eyodwa kuphela. Yilokho kanye uTurbo Pascal akuvumele ukuthi ukwenze. Ngenqubo yomsindo kwakungenzeka "ukugubha" ngama-frequencies ahlukene, okwanele ukuzwakala kwezibhamu nokuqhuma, kodwa kusikrini somculo, njengoba kwakuyimfashini ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kwakungafaneleki. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakale isisombululo esinobuqili kakhulu: kungobo yomlando yesofthiwe, kutholwe "ifayela le-exe", elandwe kanye kwenye i-BBS. Wayekwazi ukwenza izimangaliso - adlale ama-wavs angacindezelwanga ngoSomlomo we-PC, futhi wakwenza kusukela kulayini womyalo futhi wayengenakho ukusebenzelana kwangempela. Okwakudingeka kwakuwukukubiza ngenqubo ye-Pascal exec futhi uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu kwakhiwa akuwi.
Ngenxa yalokho, umculo obulalayo uvele ku-screensaver, kodwa kwenzeka into ehlekisayo ngawo. Ngo-1996, ngaba nesistimu ku-Pentium 75, eyagingqika yafinyelela ku-90. Konke kwasebenza kahle kuyo. Eyunivesithi lapho uPascal afakwa khona kithi nge-semester yesibili, kwakukhona "ama-ruble amathathu" agqoke kahle ekilasini. Ngokuvumelana nothisha, ngawayisa la mathangi esifundweni sesibili ukuze ngiyohlolwa futhi ngingaphinde ngiye lapho. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokwethulwa, ukubhonga okukhulu okuxubene nemisindo egegezayo kwaphuma esipikheni. Ngokuvamile, i-33-megahertz DX "ikhadi lama-ruble amathathu" alikwazanga ukuphotha kahle "i-executable" efanayo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho konke kwakuhamba kahle. Kunjalo, singabali ukuvota okunensayo kwekhibhodi, okonakalise wonke umdlalo wegeyimu, kungakhathaliseki ukusebenza kwe-PC.
Kodwa inkinga enkulu ayikho kuPascal
Ngokuqonda kwami, "Amathangi" yinani eliphakeme elingacindezelwa ku-Turbo Pascal ngaphandle kokufakwa komhlangano. Ukushiyeka okusobala komkhiqizo wokugcina ukuvota kwekhibhodi okunensayo kanye nokunikezwa kwezithombe ezihamba kancane. Isimo sabhebhethekiswa inani elincane kakhulu lemitapo yolwazi yezinkampani zangaphandle namamojula. Ayengabalwa ngeminwe yesandla esisodwa.
Kodwa okwangicasula kakhulu kwakuyindlela yokufunda esikoleni. Akekho owatshela izingane ngaleso sikhathi ngobuhle namathuba ezinye izilimi. Ekilasini, bacishe baqala ukukhuluma ngokuqala, println futhi uma, okukhiyele abafundi ngaphakathi kwe-BASIC-Pascal paradigm. Zombili lezi zilimi zingathathwa njengezemfundo kuphela. Ukusebenzisa kwabo "ukulwa" kuyinto engavamile.
Kungani ukufundisa izingane izilimi ezingamanga kuyimfihlakalo kimi. Mababukeke kakhudlwana. Vumela ukwahluka kwe-BASIC kusetshenziswe lapha nalaphaya. Kodwa, kunoma yikuphi, uma umuntu enquma ukuxhuma ikusasa lakhe ngohlelo, kuzodingeka afunde ezinye izilimi kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke kungani izingane kungafanele zinikezwe imisebenzi efanayo yemfundo, kodwa kuphela endaweni evamile (ulimi), lapho zingase zithuthuke khona ngokuzimela?
Ekhuluma ngemisebenzi. Esikoleni nasekolishi zazihlale zingabonakali: ukubala okuthile, ukwakha umsebenzi, ukudweba okuthile. Ngifunde ezikoleni ezintathu ezahlukene, futhi saba no-βPascalβ ngonyaka wokuqala wesikhungo, futhi akukho nakanye othisha abaveza inkinga yangempela. Isibonelo, yenza i-notebook noma okunye kube usizo. Konke kwakukude. Futhi lapho umuntu echitha izinyanga exazulula izinkinga ezingenalutho, bese engena kudoti ... Ngokuvamile, abantu sebevele bashiya isikhungo sishisiwe.
Ngendlela, ngonyaka wesithathu weyunivesithi efanayo, sanikezwa "ama-pluses" ohlelweni. Kwakubonakala kuyinto enhle, kodwa abantu babekhathele, begcwele ama-fake kanye nemisebenzi "yokuqeqesha". Akekho owaba nomdlandla njengakuqala.
PS Ngabheka ukuthi yiziphi izilimi manje ezifundiswayo emakilasini esayensi yekhompyutha ezikoleni. Konke kuyafana neminyaka engama-25 edlule: Okuyisisekelo, uPascal. I-Python ifika ekufakweni okungavamile.
Source: www.habr.com