Kunombono oyiphutha emakethe wokuthi imisebenzi yokusekela ingeyabafundi abangenalwazi kuphela. Bathi lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala, futhi umsebenzi wakho wesikhathi esizayo uzothuthuka “kuye ngokuthi…”. Eqinisweni, uchwepheshe omuhle wokusekela, njengesibonelo, umhloli omuhle, ubizo. Kokubili ukukhula komsebenzi kanye neholo kungenzeka lapha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe okuvela konjiniyela Kulungile.
Sixhumana nsuku zonke nenqwaba yabantu abahlinzeka ngosekelo lwamakhasimende kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende, futhi saba nentshisekelo yokuqonda ukuthi injani imakethe yezikhala yaseRussia kule ndawo. Kuyini ukwesekwa “kwekhasimende” kanye “nobuchwepheshe”? Uyini umehluko? Ayini "amazinga" ochwepheshe? Kungenzeka yini ukuthola imali kulokhu futhi malini? Izimpendulo ezivela ocwaningweni lokuqala olunjalo zingezansi kokusikiwe. Uma othile evilapha kakhulu ukufunda, khona-ke izibalo ezibalulekile neziphetho zisekupheleni kwalolu shicilelo.
Amanothi ambalwa abalulekile ngaphambi kokufunda
- Imibiko esemthethweni evulekile "yezikhulu zabasebenzi" kule ngxenye ayizange ibuyekezwe isikhathi eside - I-SuperJob inedatha yakamuva ka-2013 (ngaphambi kwalokho - ka-2011), ngakho sizothembela emithonjeni emi-2: umbiko "osemthethweni" oshiwo. kanye nosesho lwethu kusizindalwazi se-Yandex. Umsebenzi ohlanganisa idatha evela kumaphothali ezisebenzi ahlukene (kusukela ngoJulayi-Agasti 2017).
- Izilinganiso zobuningi ezinikeziwe (isabelo sezikhala, kuye ngolwazi, njll.) zenziwe ngokusekelwe enanini lezinkampani, hhayi izikhangiso. Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu akuzange kuthinte ukunemba, njengoba inani lezikhangiso alinayo incazelo: ezinye izinkampani zithumela izikhangiso ezimbalwa ukuze zivale isikhala esisodwa, ezinye zifaka isikhangiso esisodwa ukuze ziqashe umnyango wonke. Okusho ukuthi, asizange sethule noma yiliphi iphutha elengeziwe.
- Sekukonke, kucatshangelwe izikhala zezinkampani eziyi-1025 kulo lonke elaseRussia, lapho ezingama-930, lapho zishicilelwa, zahlukanisa iziphakamiso zazo njengengxenye ye-IT. Amaholo ezikhangisweni akhonjiswe izinkampani ezingama-436 kuphela (394 ezivela kwa-IT), nokho, akucaci ngaso sonke isikhathi emibhalweni yezikhangiso ukuthi isibalo sishicilelwe ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwezintela (ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga). Lapho sicaphuna izibalo kulesi sihloko, sicabange ukuthi lena imali engenayo isisebenzi esiyithola mathupha. Kodwa-ke, sizophinde sihlale ngemininingwane eminingi ngamaholo "anemibala eminingi" ekugcineni kwalokhu okuthunyelwe.
Uma impendulo yomphakathi iyinhle, sizozama ukwenza izibuyekezo ezinjalo njalo, futhi sizosebenzisa ukuphawula kwakho njengomthombo wedatha yokuqala.
Ukwesekwa ngezigaba
Ngaphambi kokuthi kukhulunywe ngemali engenayo, kubalulekile ukubeka irekhodi ngqo endabeni yamagama.
Ukusekela kungahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba:
- "Technical". Okungukuthi, lapho kugxilwe khona ikakhulukazi ekuxazululeni izinkinga zobuchwepheshe (imvamisa ngengqalasizinda, isofthiwe esekelwe noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza).
- “Iklayenti” (Isevisi Yekhasimende noma Ukwesekwa Kwekhasimende). Okukodwa lapho okugxilwe khona kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zamakhasimende. Lolu hlobo losekelo ludumile kakhulu ku-b2c. Futhi le ngxenye yosekelo ihloselwe ukwakha ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nabasebenzisi abangenabo ubuntu. Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko emabhange, ezitolo eziku-inthanethi, njll.
Ngokuzimele ngokuphelele kulokhu, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusekelwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, nakuba ezweni lethu kusenzima ukuhlukanisa "ukusekelwa kwangaphakathi" njenganoma yini enye ngaphandle "kwezobuchwepheshe".
Sibhale kabanzi mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo zokusekela kanye nezishintshayo ezidizayinelwe ngalinye lalawa makilasi и .
Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ama-ejensi aqashayo ashicilela izincwadi eziqala kabusha, izikhala zomsebenzi kanye nezibalo azivamile ukuhlukanisa lezi zindawo zomsebenzi, zibiza yonke into ngokuthi “usekelo lobuchwepheshe” futhi zisakaza abantu abazongenela ukhetho kuphela ngesihloko somsebenzi esisemthethweni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwe-Yandex.Works okunikezwayo Sithole izinkampani ezingama-48 kuphela izikhala zazo ezifana nemibuzo ethi “usekelo lwamakhasimende” / “ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zezikhala (ezinkampanini ezingu-7) empeleni zazisho ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ezinye izinkampani ezingu-9 zasebenzisa la magama ukuze zifune inhloko yesikhungo sezingcingo noma umnyango ofanayo wokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Emakethe yaseNtshonalanga (okuningi kulokhu kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo), ungabona ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kwezikhala kumakhasimende kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zabafundi zihluke ngokuphawulekayo. Ekusekelweni kwamakhasimende, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba "isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo" futhi ukwazi ukuxhumana kahle. Ulwazi olukhethekile lubalulekile ekusekelweni kobuchwepheshe. Futhi "ama-techies" abathanda futhi abakwazi ukuxhumana namakhasimende ngokuvamile afanele isisindo sabo segolide.
“Ithebula lezikhundla” elivela kubasebenzi
Ngaphezu komehluko osobala phakathi kwezikhundla (zokusebenza / uchwepheshe / unjiniyela / umphathi), ama-ejensi aqashayo asebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe emithwalweni eshiwo esikhaleni kanye nezidingo zolwazi nolwazi lomsebenzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlukaniswa kwabo ngamaleveli kudidaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kube imigqa yokweseka ngaphakathi kwenkampani ethile. Kodwa esimweni esivamile le mibono ayikwazi ukuxutshwa. Imigqa yokwesekwa enkampanini imayelana nezinqubo zebhizinisi, ngokuvamile eziyingqayizivele enkampanini ngayinye, futhi “amazinga” ezisebenzi amayelana nekhono nolwazi lochwepheshe.
"Umugqa wokuqala wokusekela" noma izikhundla zokuqala
Ngokuphambene nombhalo wokuzihlangula ongenhla, ukuhlonzwa kwezinga lokuqala lomsebenzi kanye nomugqa wokuqala wosekelo lobuchwepheshe ngokwezinqubo zebhizinisi kwamukeleka impela. Umugqa wokuqala wokwesekwa unezidingo ezincane zolwazi olukhethekile; ngakho-ke, udinga abantu abanolwazi oluncane nekhono. Nokho, amaholo aphansi lapha.
Phakathi kwezimfuneko ezijwayelekile:
- ukuqonda okujwayelekile "kwe-hardware" (isibonelo, i-PC hardware, ama-peripherals kanye nemishini yehhovisi, uma sikhuluma ngokusekelwa kwe-IT);
- isizotha;
- ukumelana nengcindezi nezinye izimfanelo ezinquma ikhono lokuxhumana ngokwanele nabasebenzisi.
Kuleli zinga asikho isidingo semfundo ephakeme, futhi ulimi lwangaphandle cishe aludingeki (ngaphandle kokungavamile).
Umugqa wokuqala wokusekela. Amaholo
Amaholo ngokwejwayelekile ayahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi idolobha akuphi umqashi. Abaningi babo baseMoscow, okungenani (phakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu) eVolgograd.
Ngo-2013, kuleli zinga umuntu angakwazi ukubala iholo ruble ayizinkulungwane 11 kuya ku-25. Ngalesi sikhathi phakathi kwezikhala ezinamaholo akhangisiwe, okunikezwayo kuyehluka kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-35 XNUMX ruble.
Ngokusemthethweni, kunezikhala emakethe ezinomkhawulo ophezulu womholo, kodwa ngokuvamile ngemva kokutadisha okuqukethwe kwazo kuyacaca ukuthi zingezamazinga aphezulu - zidinga ulwazi lomsebenzi emikhakheni ehlobene, amakhono angajwayelekile noma imfundo ethile. Kunzima ukuzicabangela ngezibalo ezijwayelekile.
Enye i-caveat - “kuleli zinga” kuphela ama-45% ezikhala aqukethe ulwazi lwamaholo. A Sekukonke, u-20% unikeza imisebenzi ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni kuzo zonke izikhala zosekelo lwezobuchwepheshe ezishicilelwe.
Izinga “Sabhukuda, siyazi”
Ukwahlulela ngemibhalo yezikhala ezishicilelwe, izikhundla "ezingeni lesibili", iminyaka engu-1-2 yesipiliyoni somsebenzi iyadingeka, kodwa ochwepheshe abangenalo ulwazi losekelo lobuchwepheshe bangasifaka isicelo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, isipiliyoni ezindaweni ezihlobene, isibonelo, ekuthengisweni kwanoma iyiphi imishini, kubaluleka.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-SuperJob kusukela eminyakeni emine edlule, kuleli zinga, ochwepheshe bangathembela emalini engenayo yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-30..
Ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe “kochwepheshe”
Ngokwemibandela ye-SuperJob, amakhandidethi afinyelela kuleli zinga ngemva konyaka esebenza kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo “lokuphatha”:
- ikhono lokuthola amaphutha;
- ukuqonda ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha namanethiwekhi;
- Isipiliyoni sokufaka nokumisa ihadiwe nesofthiwe.
Isidingo semfundo ephakeme sivela kaningi ezikhangisweni. Ulwazi lwesiNgisi - ikakhulukazi ukufunda imibhalo.
Izibalo zeminyaka emine edlule zibonisa imali engenayo ebangeni ukusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16 kuye kwangama-42. Idatha yamanje evela ku-Yandex.Works - kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-100 XNUMX ruble, kuye ngokuthi idolobha kanye nesabelo somsebenzi "admin".
Ngakho kunezikhala ezimbalwa ezineholo elingaphezu kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60, ngakho-ke, ububanzi obunjalo akufanele budukise: ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70-100 kule ngxenye atholwa "izinkanyezi".
Kuyo yonke inombolo yezikhala zosekelo, u-57% ulindele iminyaka engu-1-2 yesipiliyoni, u-11% ulindele iminyaka engu-3-5 yesipiliyoni. OKWENGEZIWE okuhlangenwe nakho kuyadingeka kwezinye izimo ezingajwayelekile (ngesikhathi sokuhlaziya, yizikhala ezi-3 kuphela okulindeleke ukuba abantu abaqokelwe ukuba babe neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 yesipiliyoni).
Kusukela ezulwini kuya emhlabeni noma isimo sangempela sezindaba
Abaqashi abaningi abakhulu - izinkampani ezinganikeza iholo elihle noma amathuba amahle - azibonisi amaholo ezikhangisweni, zikhetha ukubiza inani lokugcina ngemuva kokuxhumana komuntu siqu nomuntu ozobhalwa.
Ngokusho kwe-My Circle, cishe zonke izikhala zesihlanu esigabeni se-IT aziqukethe idatha yomholo - futhi lokhu kungu-20% wemakethe.! Kodwa-ke, uma ungathembeli ezinombolweni zakwa-HR kusuka ekushicilelweni, kodwa uvule i-Yandex.Work, bese kuba yizinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-1000 ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe eRussia, Izikhala ezingaphansi kwesigamu ezinemininingwane yamaholo zishicilelwe (esivivinyweni sethu - kancane kuka-400).
Kodwa-ke, izibalo zama-ejensi aqashayo zihlanganisa amabhizinisi andisa ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe (ukuqasha abasebenzi abasha) noma izingxenye zezimboni ezibonakala ngenani eliphezulu lezisebenzi. Ngakho-ke amaholo amaphakathi aphansi kuyo yonke imakethe - iningi lezibalo lihlobene ngokuqondile nebanga lentengo eliphansi (amaholo ochwepheshe bomugqa wokuqala afakiwe emibikweni enesisindo esikhulu).
Izinto ezengeziwe
Imali engenayo yesisebenzi ayivezwa ngemali kuphela. Ukuntuleka kweholo ngezinye izikhathi kunxeshezelwa ngezinketho ezihlukahlukene ezikhokhelwayo - umshuwalense wezempilo wokuzithandela, ukudla kwasemini, ezokuthutha zezinkampani ezivela ku-metro, amakilabhu okuqina, izifundo zesiNgisi nokunye ukuqeqeshwa.
Izinkampani eziningi zincamela “ukuzikhulisela” ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngokwazo. Kulokhu, izimiso zokuqasha ezikhaleni ezivulekile ziqale zihluke. Lapho kuhlelwa kakhulu ukuqeqesha abazongenela ukhetho, kuncipha izidingo zolwazi nolwazi ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa, kanye nomholo owawuthenjisiwe ekuqaleni. Emakethe yabasebenzi emadolobheni amakhulu ungathola njalo izinhlinzeko ezimbalwa zama-internship angakhokhelwa ngokuphelele. Ukunikezwa komholo kukhandidethi oqeqeshiwe (uma inhlanganisela yezimo yimpumelelo) kuzokwenziwa kuphela lapho kuqedwa i-internship.
Amaholo anemibala eminingi
Esinye isici esomnotho. Amaholo abantu abamnyama nabampunga akhona, futhi ukuthandwa kwawo (ngokusho kwama-ejensi afanayo okuqasha) kuyakhula naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yombuso “yokucasha” ibhizinisi. Akunakwenzeka ukuphakamisa noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okucacile kwamaholo kucatshangelwa lesi sici.
Ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obukude nokusebenzisana
Ziyanda izisebenzi “ezikude”. Ngendlela, e-USA, ngokwesilinganiso, ochwepheshe abanjalo bokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe bahola ngisho nangaphezulu kwalabo abasebenza ehhovisi. Ngokuyisisekelo asinazo izibalo zokusebenza ezikude. Siyazi kuphela ukuthi kunezimpendulo eziphindwe ka-3-4 ezikhaleni ezikude, i.e. kunesidingo esikhulu somsebenzi onjalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emiphakathini yemboni ye-IT, ngokusho kwe-"My Circle", kakade wonke umuntu wesithathu usebenza ukude.
Emakethe yabasebenzi baseRussia basathanda ukulondoloza ekuheheni ochwepheshe abancane ngokuqasha "abaqhubi bemishini eminingi". Isibonelo, ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe nokuthengisa. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela izikhangiso zokuqasha abathengisi abanamakhono okuphatha/okweseka futhi, ngokuphambene, nabalawuli abanekhono lokuthengisa nokweseka. Akunakwenzeka ukucabangela amaholo abasebenzi abanjalo ngezibalo ezijwayelekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ochwepheshe abaningi abaqeqeshiwe, njengoba sabhala, basebenza imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi leli elinye ithuba lokwandisa imali yabo.
Umphumela wokuhlaziywa yisithombe esiphelele
Nakuba izinombolo ezithile zishintsha njalo, izitayela ezivamile mayelana nokuqashwa kochwepheshe bosekelo lobuchwepheshe zisekhona.
Imvamisa, umsebenzi wochwepheshe abanjalo uqala eminyangweni enencazelo eqinile noma eqinile yezibopho - lapho ungagqamisa khona umugqa wokuqala ngemisebenzi elula (futhi, ngokufanele, izidingo ezincane zolwazi lomuntu ozobhalwa). Lezi kungaba izikhungo zezingcingo zabahlinzeki be-inthanethi noma izakhiwo ezifanayo. Lapha ababheki kakhulu olwazini, kodwa kumakhono namakhono “omhlaba wonke”:
- ukumelana nengcindezi,
- ukufunda nokubhala,
- isizotha,
- isiyalo,
- inkulumo emsulwa.
Ngisho noma le mingcele ingacacisiwe esikhangisweni, ngandlela thile, abaqashi abaningi bazoyihlola ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono adingekayo, kungakhathaliseki izinga lochwepheshe, amaholo nawo ayakhuphuka. Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhushulwa kwamaholo kuthonywa yilokhu:
- imfundo ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe (noma imfundo ekhethekile, uma sikhuluma ngezimboni ezifana ne-air conditioning);
- ulimi lwangaphandle - ezimweni eziningi isiNgisi, kodwa kukhona nezicelo ezingajwayelekile;
- ulwazi lomthetho endaweni ethile noma izisekelo zokubala (ngokuvamile umthwalo wokusekelwa uhlanganisa iseluleko ezindabeni zezezimali, ikakhulukazi, ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokukhokha zezinsizakalo noma ukubuyisela).
Amakhono obuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinhloko ngokuzimela kungakhuphula kakhulu iholo lakho. (ushintsho oluya kusimo sikanjiniyela osekelayo kwenye yezindawo eziwumngcingo). Futhi iholo elilandelayo "gxuma" kwenzeka lapho uchwepheshe ethatha ingxenye yomsebenzi wokuphatha - uphenduka inhloko yeqembu noma isigaba.
Esikhundleni sesiphetho noma izinombolo ezibalulekile
Izinkampani eziphelele ezinezikhala zosekelo e-Russia zangoJulayi-Agasti 2017: 1025.
Kuhlanganisa nomholo: 436 (42,5%).
Izinkampani ezinezikhala zokwesekwa embonini ye-IT: 930 (91% yenani eliphelele lezinkampani ezinezikhala zokwesekwa).
Kulokhu, okubonisa iholo: 394 (42% yenani eliphelele lezinkampani ezinezikhala ezisekela ingxenye ye-IT).
Ngezansi sikhuluma kuphela ngezikhala ze-IT:
- Abangenalwazi: i-187 (20% yenani eliphelele lezinkampani ezinezikhala ezisekela engxenyeni ye-IT), okuyi-85 (45%) yazo enomholo; izikhundla - uchwepheshe, unjiniyela, opharetha.
- Isipiliyoni 1 - 2 iminyaka: 532 (57%), ngeholo - 230 (43%); izikhundla - uchwepheshe, unjiniyela, opharetha.
- Isipiliyoni seminyaka engu-3 - 5: 101 (11%), ngomholo - 33 (32%); izikhundla - umphathi, unjiniyela, uchwepheshe.
- Iminyaka engu-6 noma ngaphezulu yesipiliyoni - izikhala ezi-3 kuphela (ezinomholo - 1 kuphela); izikhundla - unjiniyela kanye nomphathi.
Izinkampani ezinezikhala zokwesekwa kwamakhasimende / ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende - 48. Kulezi, eziyi-9 yizikhundla zokuphatha ezikhungweni zezingcingo kanye nokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe; Oku-3 kuhlobene ngokusobala nokuthengiswa, futhi okungu-7 empeleni kuwusekelo lobuchwepheshe (njengoba kuba sobala esifundweni esisheshayo sombhalo wesikhangiso).
Encwadini elandelayo sizobheka ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani phesheya: hlobo luni lwemali engenayo kanye nokuthi ukhona yini umehluko phakathi kokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwesekwa kwamakhasimende.
Source: www.habr.com