Izinga lesistimu yokunikezwa kwamandla iyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yezinga lenkonzo yesikhungo sedatha yesimanje. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: ngokuphelele yonke imishini edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwesikhungo sedatha inikwa amandla kagesi. Ngaphandle kwayo, amaseva, inethiwekhi, izinhlelo zobunjiniyela nezinhlelo zokugcina kuzoyeka ukusebenza kuze kube yilapho ugesi usubuyiselwe ngokuphelele.
Siyakutshela ukuthi iyiphi indima edlalwa uphethiloli we-diesel kanye nesistimu yethu yokulawula ikhwalithi ekusebenzeni okungaphazamiseki kwesikhungo sedatha se-Linxdatacenter e-St.
Uzomangala, kodwa lapho uqinisekisa izikhungo zedatha zokuthobela izindinganiso zekhwalithi yemboni, ochwepheshe be-Uptime Institute banikeza indima eyinhloko ekuhloleni uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi kukhwalithi yokusebenza kwamajeneretha kadizili.
Kungani? Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhungo sedatha kuyisisekelo somnotho wedijithali. Iqiniso liwukuthi: 15 millisecond wokunqamuka kukagesi esikhungweni sedatha kwanele ukuphazamisa izinqubo zebhizinisi ngemiphumela ebonakalayo kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Ingabe kuningi noma kuncane? I-millisecond eyodwa (ms) iyiyunithi yesikhathi elingana nenkulungwane yesekhondi. Ama-millisecond amahlanu isikhathi esithatha inyosi ukuthi ishaye amaphiko kanye. Kuthatha umuntu 300-400 ms ukucwayiza. Umzuzu owodwa wesikhathi sokuphumula wabiza izinkampani isilinganiso sama-$2013 ngo-7900, ngokusho kuka-Emerson. Uma kubhekwa ukukhula kwedijithali kwebhizinisi, ukulahlekelwa kungafinyelela kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zamadola njalo ngemizuzwana engama-60 yesikhathi sokuphumula. Umnotho udinga ukuthi amabhizinisi axhumeke ngo-100%.
Kodwa-ke, kungani amajeneretha edizili ethathwa njengomthombo oyinhloko kagesi ngokwe-UI? Ngoba uma kwenzeka kunqamuka ugesi wamapayipi amakhulu, isikhungo sedatha singathembela kuso njengowukuphela komthombo wamandla wokugcina zonke izinhlelo zisebenza kuze kube yilapho amapayipi amakhulu ebuyiselwa.
Esikhungweni sethu sedatha e-St. Petersburg, izindaba ezihlobene nokunikezwa kwamandla zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu: isikhungo sedatha sizimele ngokuphelele kunethiwekhi yedolobha futhi sihlinzekwa ngogesi nge-12 MW gas piston power plant. Uma ukunikezwa kwegesi kumisiwe ngesizathu esithile, isikhungo sedatha sishintshela ekusebenzeni ngesethi yejeneretha yedizili. Okokuqala, ama-UPS aqalisiwe, amandla awo anele imizuzu engama-40 yokusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwesikhungo sedatha, amajeneretha edizili aqalwa kungakapheli imizuzu emi-2 ngemuva kokumiswa kwesiteshi segesi segas futhi sisebenze kuphethiloli otholakalayo okungenani amanye amahora angama-72. . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkontileka izoqala ukusebenza nomnikezeli kaphethiloli, obophekile ukuletha amavolumu okuvunyelwene ngawo esikhungweni sedatha phakathi namahora angu-4.
Ukulungiselela isitifiketi se-Uptime Institute sokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphatha zokusebenza kwe-Management & Operations kwasiphoqa ukuba sibhekisise inqubo yokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli odizili, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yawo, ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki bempahla, njll. Lokhu kunengqondo: izinga lokusebenza kwesikhungo samandla enuzi e-Sosnovy Bor alincikile kithi nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa kufanele sibhekane ngokugcwele nesigaba sethu segridi yamandla.
I-DT yezikhungo zedatha: yini okufanele uyibheke
Ukuze ama-generator asebenze isikhathi eside, ngokuthembekile nangokwezomnotho, akufanele nje uthenge imishini ethembekile, kodwa futhi ukhethe uphethiloli ofanele wedizili (DF) kubo.
Kusukela kokusobala: noma yikuphi uphethiloli unokuphila kweshalofu iminyaka engu-3-5. Ibuye ihluke kakhulu kumapharamitha ahlukahlukene: uhlobo olulodwa lufanele ukusetshenziswa ebusika, olunye alufaneleki ngokuphelele kulokhu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuzoholela engozini enkulu.
Wonke la maphuzu kufanele aqashwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe isimo lapho isethi yejeneretha likadizili ingaqali ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi noma ukungafaneleki kukaphethiloli kule sizini.
Enye yezinhlaka ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlukanisa uhlobo lukaphethiloli olusetshenziswayo. Ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka kwemishini kuthonywa ikhwalithi yohlobo olukhethiwe kumhlinzeki othile.
Ukukhetha kahle uphethiloli we-diesel kuzohlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu;
- ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko eziphansi;
- i-torque ephezulu;
- isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela.
inombolo ye-cetane
Eqinisweni, uphethiloli we-diesel unezici eziningi ongazifunda ku-passport yeqoqo elithile lemikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, kochwepheshe, indlela eyinhloko yokunquma ikhwalithi yalolu hlobo lwamafutha yinombolo ye-cetane kanye nezakhiwo zokushisa.
Inombolo ye-cetane ekubunjweni kwamafutha e-diesel inquma amandla okuqala, i.e. ikhono likaphethiloli ukuvutha. Uma le nombolo iphakeme, kulapho uphethiloli ushisa khona ngokushesha ekamelweni - futhi ngokulinganayo (futhi ephephile!) Ingxube kadizili nomoya iyasha. Uhla olujwayelekile lwezinkomba zalo luyi-40-55. Uphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu we-diesel onenombolo ye-cetane ephezulu uhlinzeka injini: isikhathi esincane esidingekayo sokufudumala nokubasa, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle, kanye namandla aphezulu.
Ukuhlanzwa kwamafutha e-diesel
Ukungena kwamanzi nokungcola kwemishini kuphethiloli kadizili kuyingozi kakhulu kunophethiloli. Isibaseli esinjalo singase singasebenziseki. Kwezinye izimo, ukuba khona kokungcola kwemishini kungabonakala njengenhlabathi phansi kwesitsha esinophethiloli wedizili.
Amanzi aphinde akhiphe kuphethiloli futhi ahlale phansi, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusungula ubukhona bawo. Emafutheni edizili angalungisiwe, amanzi abangela ukuthi libe namafu.
Ukuhlanza uphethiloli we-diesel kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Kukhona ukufakwa okukhethekile namasistimu okuhlunga lokhu. Ukukhethwa kwemishini yenqubo enjalo kuncike kulokho okufanele kuhlanzwe kuphethiloli - upharafini, ukungcola kwemishini, isulfure noma amanzi.
Umphakeli unesibopho sekhwalithi yokuhlanza uphethiloli, yingakho kubalulekile ukuba nesistimu yokulawula umphakeli, esizoxoxa ngayo ngezansi, futhi singakhohlwa mayelana nezinyathelo ezengeziwe. Ngakho, ukuze siqhubeke nokuhlanza uphethiloli, safaka izihlukanisi zamafutha e-Separ epayipini likaphethiloli lesethi ngayinye yejeneretha likadizili. Zivimbela izinhlayiya zemishini namanzi ukuthi angangeni ejeneretha.
Isihlukanisi samafutha.
Izimo zezulu
Ekuphishekeleni izinga nezintengo ezithengekayo zikaphethiloli, izinkampani zivame ukukhohlwa ngezinga lokushisa esiteshini esizosebenza kulo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhetha isibaseli esisodwa “kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu” akwenzi umonakalo omkhulu. Kodwa uma isiteshi sisetshenziswa ngaphandle, kufanelekile ukukhetha uphethiloli ngokuhambisana nezimo zezulu.
Abakhiqizi bahlukanisa uphethiloli wedizili ehlobo, ubusika kanye “ne-arctic” - ngamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. E-Russia, i-GOST 305-82 inesibopho sokuhlukanisa uphethiloli ngesizini. Lo mbhalo uchaza ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga kaphethiloli ehlobo emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-0 °C. Uphethiloli wasebusika ulungele ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -30 °C. "Arctic" - emazingeni okushisa abandayo aze afike ku -50 °C.
Ngokusebenza okuzinzile kwamajeneretha edizili, sanquma ukuthenga uphethiloli wedizili wasebusika -35 ℃. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ungacabangi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu sesizini.
Sihlola kanjani uphethiloli
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amajeneretha edizili asebenza ngokwethembeka, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakeli wakho ukuthumelela wona kanye amafutha owadingayo.
Sacabanga isikhathi eside mayelana nokuxazulula le nkinga, sacabangela inketho yokuthatha amasampula futhi siwathumele ukuze ahlaziywe kuma-laboratories akhethekile. Nokho, le ndlela ithatha isikhathi, futhi yini okufanele uyenze uma ukuhlolwa kubuya kungagculisi? Iqoqo selithunyelwe kakade - buyisela, hlela kabusha? Futhi kuthiwani uma ukuhlelwa kabusha okunjalo kwehla ngesikhathi lapho kudingekile ukuqala ama-generator?
Futhi-ke sanquma ukukala izinga likaphethiloli esizeni, sisebenzisa amamitha we-octane, ikakhulukazi sisebenzisa i-SHATOX SX-150. Le divayisi ivumela ukuhlaziywa okucacile kukaphethiloli onikeziwe, ukunquma hhayi kuphela inombolo ye-cetane, kodwa nendawo yokuthela kanye nohlobo lukaphethiloli.
Umgomo wokusebenza we-octanometer usekelwe ekuqhathaniseni izinombolo ze-octane/cetane zamasampuli kaphethiloli wedizili/kaphethiloli aqinisekisiwe nesibaseli sikagesi/uphethiloli ohloliwe. Iphrosesa ekhethekile iqukethe amathebula asetshenzisiwe ezinhlobo zikaphethiloli eziqinisekisiwe, uhlelo lokuhumusha oluqhathaniswa nemingcele yesampula ethathiwe kanye nezilungiso zezinga lokushisa lesampula.
Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi uthole imiphumela yekhwalithi kaphethiloli ngesikhathi sangempela. Imithetho yokulinganisa izinga likaphethiloli usebenzisa imitha ye-octane ibhalwe phansi emithethweni yesevisi yokusebenza.
Isebenza kanjani imitha ye-octane
- Inzwa yedivayisi ifakwe endaweni evundlile futhi ixhunywe kuyunithi yokulinganisa.
- Idivayisi iyavula uma inzwa ingenalutho. Imitha ibonisa ukufundwa okunguziro CETANE:
- I-Cet = 0.0;
- Tfr = 0.0.
- Ngemuva kokuhlola ukusebenza kwedivayisi, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa inzwa ngophethiloli ize igcwaliswe ngokuphelele. Inqubo yokulinganisa nokubuyekeza ukufundwa ayithathi ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-5.
- Ngemva kokulinganisa, idatha ifakwa kuthebula futhi iqhathaniswe nokufundwa okuvamile. Ukuze kube lula, amaseli asethwe ukuthi agqamise ngokuzenzakalelayo amanani ngombala. Lapho ukufundwa kwamukelekile, kuphenduka kube luhlaza; lapho imingcele ingagculisi, iphenduka ibe bomvu, okuvumela ukuthi ulawule futhi imingcele kaphethiloli onikeziwe.
- Ngokwethu, sizikhethele ukufundwa kwekhwalithi kaphethiloli evamile elandelayo:
- I-Cet = 40-52;
- Tfr = kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-40.
Ithebula lokubala lezinsiza zamafutha
| Usuku | Ukwamukela isibaseli | Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi | |
| 18 January 2019 | 5180 | Cetane | 47 |
| I-TFr | -32 | ||
| Uhlobo | W | ||
S – uphethiloli wasehlobo, W – uphethiloli wasebusika, A – uphethiloli wase-Arctic.
INZUZO! noma ukuthi isebenze kanjani
Eqinisweni, saqala ukuthola imiphumela yokuqala yephrojekthi ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uhlelo lokulawula luqale ukusebenza. Ukulawula kokuqala kubonise ukuthi umphakeli ulethe uphethiloli ongahlangabezani nemingcele eshiwo. Ngenxa yalokho, salibuyisela ithangi futhi sacela ukushintshwa. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yokulawula, singangena esimweni lapho isethi yejeneretha yedizili ingaqali ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi kaphethiloli.
Ngomqondo ojwayelekile, wamasu, izinga elinjalo lobuchwephesha ekulawuleni ikhwalithi linikeza ukuzethemba okuphelele ekunikezeni amandla okungaphazanyiswa kwesikhungo sedatha, lapho singathembela ngokuphelele kithi ekuxazululeni inkinga yokugcina i-100% yokusebenza kwesikhathi sokuphumula kwesayithi.
Futhi lawa akuwona nje amagama: mhlawumbe siwukuphela kwesikhungo sedatha eRussia lapho, lapho siqhuba uhambo lokubonisa iklayenti, singaphendula esicelweni esithi “Ungakwazi yini ukunqamula isekethe enkulu yokuphakelwa kwamandla ukuze ubonise ukushintshela kwesipele ?” Siyavuma futhi ngokushesha, phambi kwamehlo ethu, sidlulisele zonke izinto zokusebenza ukuze sizibekele noma nini. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma yimuphi umsebenzi onezinga elifanele lokuvunyelwa angakwenza lokhu: izinqubo zenziwa ngendlela efanele ukuze zinganciki kumdlali othize - siyazethemba kakhulu kithina mayelana nalokhu.
Kodwa-ke, hhayi thina kuphela: inqubo yokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kaphethiloli we-diesel ngesikhathi sokuqinisekiswa yi-Uptime Institute idonse ukunaka kwabacwaningi mabhuku benhlangano, abaqaphela njengezinqubo ezihamba phambili zemboni.
Source: www.habr.com