I-SRE (Site Reliability Engineering) iyindlela yokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamaphrojekthi ewebhu. Kuthathwa njengohlaka lwe-DevOps futhi ikhuluma ngendlela yokufinyelela impumelelo ekusebenziseni izinqubo ze-DevOps. Ukuhumusha kulesi sihloko izincwadi kusuka ku-Google. Ngizilungisele lokhu kuhumusha futhi ngancika kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ekuqondeni izinqubo zokuqapha. Esiteshini setelegram и Ngiphinde ngashicilela ukuhunyushwa kweSahluko 6 sencwadi efanayo mayelana nemigomo yezinga lenkonzo.
Ukuhunyushwa yikati. Kujabulele ukufunda!
Akwenzeki ukuphatha isevisi uma kungekho ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba ezibaluleke ngempela nokuthi zingakalwa kanjani futhi zihlolwe kanjani. Kulokhu, sichaza futhi sinikeze izinga elithile lesevisi kubasebenzisi bethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenzisa eyodwa yama-API ethu angaphakathi noma umkhiqizo womphakathi.
Sisebenzisa umuzwa wethu, ulwazi, kanye nokuqonda isifiso sabasebenzisi sokuqonda Izinkomba Zezinga Lesevisi (ama-SLI), Izinjongo Zezinga Lesevisi (ama-SLO), kanye Nezivumelwano Zezinga Lesevisi (ama-SLA). Lobu bukhulu buchaza amamethrikhi amakhulu esifuna ukuwaqapha futhi esizosabela kuwo uma singakwazi ukunikeza ikhwalithi yesevisi elindelekile. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha amamethrikhi alungile kusiza ukuqondisa izenzo ezifanele uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle, futhi kunikeza ithimba le-SRE ukuzethemba empilweni yesevisi.
Lesi sahluko sichaza indlela esiyisebenzisayo ukulwa nezinkinga zokumodela imethrikhi, ukukhetha imethrikhi, nokuhlaziywa kwemethrikhi. Iningi lencazelo lizoba ngaphandle kwezibonelo, ngakho-ke sizosebenzisa isevisi ye-Shakespeare echazwe esibonelweni sayo sokuqalisa (sesha imisebenzi kaShakespeare) ukuze sibonise amaphuzu abalulekile.
Itemu yezinga lesevisi
Abafundi abaningi cishe bayawazi umqondo we-SLA, kodwa amagama athi SLI kanye ne-SLO afanelwe ukuchazwa ngokucophelela ngoba ngokuvamile igama elithi SLA ligcwele ngokweqile futhi linezincazelo eziningana kuye komongo. Ukuze kucace, sifuna ukuhlukanisa la manani.
Izinkomba
I-SLI iyinkomba yezinga lesevisi—isilinganiso sobuningi esichazwe ngokucophelela sesici esisodwa sezinga lesevisi enikeziwe.
Kumasevisi amaningi, ukhiye we-SLI uthathwa njengokubambezeleka kwesicelo - kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisela impendulo esicelweni. Amanye ama-SLI avamile ahlanganisa isilinganiso samaphutha, ngokuvamile esivezwa njengengxenye yazo zonke izicelo ezitholiwe, kanye nokuphuma kwesistimu, ngokuvamile kulinganiswa ngezicelo ngomzuzwana. Izilinganiso zivame ukuhlanganiswa: idatha eluhlaza iqala ngokuqoqwa bese iguqulelwa izinga loshintsho, isilinganiso, noma iphesenti.
Ngokufanelekile, i-SLI ikala ngokuqondile izinga lesevisi lenzalo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-metric ehlobene kuphela etholakalayo ukuze ilinganiswe ngoba eyokuqala kunzima ukuyithola noma ukuyihumusha. Isibonelo, ukubambezeleka kohlangothi lweklayenti kuvame ukuba yimethrikhi efaneleka kakhudlwana, kodwa kunezikhathi lapho ukubambezeleka kungalinganiswa kuseva kuphela.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-SLI olubalulekile kuma-SRE ukutholakala, noma ingxenye yesikhathi lapho isevisi ingasetshenziswa khona. Ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengezinga lezicelo eziyimpumelelo, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi isivuno. (Isikhathi sonke sokuphila—amathuba okuthi idatha izogcinwa isikhathi eside—ibalulekile futhi ezinhlelweni zokugcina idatha.) Nakuba ukutholakala okungu-100% kungenakwenzeka, ukutholakala okusondele ku-100% kuvame ukufezeka; amanani okutholakala achazwa ngokuthi inombolo "yesishiyagalolunye" » iphesenti lokutholakala. Isibonelo, ukutholakala okungu-99% no-99,999% kungase kubhalwe ngokuthi "2 nines" kanye "no-5 nines". Inhloso yamanje yokutholakala ye-Google Compute Engine "iyisishiyagalolunye nesigamu" noma u-99,95%.
Izinhloso
I-SLO inhloso yeleveli yesevisi: inani eliqondiwe noma ububanzi bamanani weleveli yesevisi elinganiswa nge-SLI. Inani elivamile le-SLO lithi “SLI ≤ Target” noma “Umkhawulo Ophansi ≤ SLI ≤ Upper Limit”. Isibonelo, singase sinqume ukuthi sizobuyisela imiphumela yosesho ye-Shakespeare “ngokushesha” ngokusetha i-SLO ibe isilinganiso sokubambezeleka kombuzo wosesho ongaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-100.
Ukukhetha i-SLO efanele kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Okokuqala, awukwazi njalo ukukhetha inani elithile. Ngezicelo ezingenayo zangaphandle ze-HTTP kusevisi yakho, i-metric ye-Query Per Second (QPS) inqunywa ngokuyinhloko isifiso sabasebenzisi bakho sokuvakashela isevisi yakho, futhi awukwazi ukusetha i-SLO yalokho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungasho ukuthi ufuna ukubambezeleka okumaphakathi kwesicelo ngasinye kube ngaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-100. Ukubeka umgomo onjalo kungase kukuphoqe ukuthi ubhale i-frontend yakho nge-low latency noma uthenge izinto zokusebenza ezihlinzeka ngale ndlela yokubambezeleka. (ama-millisecond angu-100 ngokusobala inombolo engaqondakali, kodwa kungcono ukuba nezinombolo eziphansi ze-latency. Kunobufakazi obuphakamisa ukuthi isivinini esisheshayo singcono kunesivinini esinensayo, nokuthi ukubambezeleka ekucubunguleni izicelo zabasebenzisi ngaphezu kwamanani athile empeleni kuphoqa abantu ukuthi bangahambi. kusuka kusevisi yakho.)
Futhi, lokhu kuyindida kakhulu kunalokho okungase kubonakale ekuqaleni: akufanele uyikhiphe ngokuphelele i-QPS ekubalweni. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-QPS nokubambezeleka kuhlobene kakhulu komunye nomunye: i-QPS ephakeme ngokuvamile iholela ekubambeni okuphezulu, futhi izinsizakalo ngokuvamile zithola ukwehla okubukhali ekusebenzeni lapho zifinyelela umkhawulo othile womthwalo.
Ukukhetha nokushicilela i-SLO kusetha okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi mayelana nokuthi isevisi izosebenza kanjani. Leli su linganciphisa izikhalazo ezingenasisekelo ngomnikazi wesevisi, ezifana nokusebenza kancane. Ngaphandle kwe-SLO ecacile, abasebenzisi bavamise ukudala abakulindele mayelana nokusebenza abakufunayo, okungenzeka kungahlanganise lutho nemibono yabantu abaklama nabaphethe isevisi. Lesi simo singaholela ekulindelweni okwenyukayo okuvela kusevisi, lapho abasebenzisi bekholelwa ngephutha ukuthi isevisi izofinyeleleka kakhulu kunalokho eyikho ngempela, futhi kubangele ukungathembani lapho abasebenzisi bekholelwa ukuthi isistimu ayithembeki kangako kunalokho eyikho ngempela.
Izivumelwano
Isivumelwano sezinga lesevisi siyinkontileka esobala noma engacacile nabasebenzisi bakho ehlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlangana (noma yokungahlangani) nama-SLO aqukethwe. Imiphumela ibonakala kalula uma ingokwezimali—isaphulelo noma inhlawulo—kodwa ingathatha ezinye izinhlobo. Indlela elula yokukhuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwama-SLO nama-SLA ukubuza ukuthi “kwenzekani uma ama-SLO engahlangatshezwana naye?” Uma ingekho imiphumela ecacile, cishe ngokuqinisekile ubheka i-SLO.
I-SRE ngokuvamile ayibandakanyi ekudaleni ama-SLA ngoba ama-SLA axhumene kakhulu nezinqumo zebhizinisi nemikhiqizo. I-SRE, nokho, ibandakanyeka ekusizeni ukunciphisa imiphumela yama-SLO ahlulekile. Bangasiza futhi ukucacisa i-SLI: Ngokusobala, kufanele kube nendlela eqondile yokukala i-SLO esivumelwaneni noma kuzoba nokungavumelani.
I-Google Search iyisibonelo sesevisi ebalulekile engenayo i-SLA yomphakathi: sifuna wonke umuntu asebenzise i-Search ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa asikasayini inkontileka nomhlaba. Nokho, kusenemiphumela uma ukusesha kungatholakali - ukungatholakali kubangela ukwehla kwesithunzi sethu kanye nokuncipha kwemali engenayo yokukhangisa. Ezinye izinsiza ze-Google eziningi, njenge-Google for Work, zinezivumelwano zezinga lesevisi ezicacile nabasebenzisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isevisi ethile ine-SLA, kubalulekile ukuchaza i-SLI ne-SLO futhi ukusebenzise ukuphatha isevisi.
Ithiyori engaka - manje ozoyizwa.
Izinkomba ekusebenzeni
Njengoba siphethe ngokuthi kubalulekile ukukhetha amamethrikhi afanele ukukala izinga lesevisi, wazi kanjani manje ukuthi yimaphi amamethrikhi abalulekile kusevisi noma kusistimu?
Yini wena nabasebenzisi bakho enendaba nayo?
Awudingi ukusebenzisa yonke imethrikhi njenge-SLI ongayilandelela kusistimu yokuqapha; Ukuqonda ukuthi abasebenzisi bafuna ini kusistimu kuzokusiza ukhethe amamethrikhi ambalwa. Ukukhetha izinkomba eziningi kwenza kube nzima ukugxila ezinkomba ezibalulekile, kuyilapho ukukhetha inombolo encane kungashiya izingxenye ezinkulu zesistimu yakho zingagadiwe. Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa izinkomba ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ukuze sihlole futhi siqonde impilo yesistimu.
Izinsizakalo ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbalwa ngokuya nge-SLI ezihambisana nazo:
- Amasistimu angaphambili ngokwezifiso, afana nezindawo zokusesha zesevisi ye-Shakespeare kusukela kusibonelo sethu. Kufanele zibe khona, zingabambezeli futhi zibe nomkhawulokudonsa owanele. Ngokufanelekile, imibuzo ingabuzwa: ingabe singaphendula esicelweni? Kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani ukuphendula isicelo? Zingaki izicelo ezingacutshungulwa?
- Izinhlelo zokugcina. Bazisa ukubambezeleka kwempendulo ephansi, ukutholakala, nokuqina. Imibuzo ehlobene: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufunda noma ukubhala idatha? Ingabe singakwazi ukufinyelela idatha uma siyicela? Ingabe idatha iyatholakala uma siyidinga? Bheka Isahluko 26 Ubuqotho Bedatha: Okufundayo Yilokho Okubhalayo ukuze uthole ingxoxo eningiliziwe yalezi zindaba.
- Amasistimu edatha amakhulu afana namaphayiphi okucubungula idatha ancike ekusetshenzisweni nasekubambeni isikhathi kokucubungula imibuzo. Imibuzo ehlobene: Ingakanani idatha ecutshungulwayo? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi idatha ihambe isuka ekutholeni isicelo iye ekukhipheni impendulo? (Ezinye izingxenye zesistimu nazo zingase zibe nokubambezeleka ezigabeni ezithile.)
Ukuqoqwa kwezinkomba
Izinkomba eziningi zezinga lesevisi ziqoqwa ngokwemvelo ohlangothini lweseva, kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuqapha efana ne-Borgmon (bona ngezansi). ) noma i-Prometheus, noma imane ihlaziye izingodo ngezikhathi ezithile, ihlonze izimpendulo ze-HTTP ezinesimo esingu-500. Nokho, ezinye izinhlelo kufanele zihlonyiswe ngokuqoqwa kwamamethrikhi ohlangothini lweklayenti, njengoba ukuntuleka kokuqapha ohlangothini lweklayenti kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwenani lezinkinga ezithinta abasebenzisi, kodwa angathinti amamethrikhi aseceleni kweseva. Isibonelo, ukugxila ekubambeni kwempendulo ye-backend yohlelo lwethu lokusebenza lokuhlola lokusesha lwe-Shakespeare kungase kubangele ukubambezeleka ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi ngenxa yezinkinga ze-JavaScript: kulokhu, ukulinganisa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani isiphequluli ukucubungula ikhasi kuyimethrikhi engcono.
Ukuhlanganisa
Ukuze kube lula futhi kube lula ukusebenzisa, sivame ukuhlanganisa izilinganiso ezingavuthiwe. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela.
Amanye amamethrikhi abonakala elula, njengezicelo ngesekhondi ngalinye, kodwa nalesi silinganiso esiqondile sihlanganisa ngokusobala idatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingabe isilinganiso sitholwa ngokukhethekile kanye ngesekhondi noma ingabe isilinganiso silinganiselwe phezu kwenani lezicelo ngomzuzu? Inketho yokugcina ingafihla inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezicelo ezihlala imizuzwana embalwa. Cabangela uhlelo olunikeza izicelo ezingama-200 ngomzuzwana ngezinombolo ezilinganayo kanye no-0 sonke isikhathi. Okungaguquki ngendlela yenani elijwayelekile lezicelo eziyi-100 ngomzuzwana futhi kabili umthwalo osheshayo akuyona into efanayo. Ngokufanayo, ukulibaziseka kombuzo okumaphakathi kungase kubonakale kukhanga, kodwa kufihla imininingwane ebalulekile: kungenzeka ukuthi imibuzo eminingi izoshesha, kodwa kuzoba nemibuzo eminingi ehamba kancane.
Izinkomba eziningi zicatshangelwa kangcono njengokusabalalisa kunezilinganiso. Isibonelo, ngokubambezeleka kwe-SLI, ezinye izicelo zizocutshungulwa ngokushesha, kuyilapho ezinye zizohlala zithatha isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isilinganiso esilula singafihla lokhu kubambezeleka okude. Isibalo sibonisa isibonelo: nakuba isicelo esijwayelekile sithatha cishe u-50 ms ukusetshenzwa, u-5% wezicelo uhamba kancane izikhathi ezingu-20! Ukuqapha nokwexwayisa okusekelwe kuphela ekubenimbezeleka okumaphakathi akubonisi izinguquko ekuziphatheni usuku lonke, kuyilapho empeleni kukhona izinguquko eziphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokucubungula kwezinye izicelo (umugqa ophezulu kakhulu).
50, 85, 95, kanye ne-99 percentile system latency. I-eksisi ye-Y ikufomethi ye-logarithmic.
Ukusebenzisa amaphesenti ezinkomba kukuvumela ukuthi ubone umumo wokusabalalisa nezici zakhona: izinga eliphezulu lephesenti, elifana no-99 noma 99,9, libonisa inani elibi kakhulu, kuyilapho iphesenti engu-50 (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-median) ibonisa isimo esivame kakhulu imethrikhi. Uma kukhulu ukusakazeka kwesikhathi sokuphendula, izicelo ezithatha isikhathi eside ziba nomthelela kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Umphumela uthuthukiswa ngaphansi komthwalo ophezulu futhi phambi kolayini. Ucwaningo lomuzwa womsebenzisi lubonise ukuthi abantu ngokuvamile bakhetha isistimu enensayo enokwehluka kwesikhathi sokuphendula okuphezulu, ngakho-ke amanye amaqembu e-SRE agxila kuphela kumaphuzu aphezulu, ngesisekelo sokuthi uma ukuziphatha kwemethrikhi kumaphesenti angu-99,9 kuhle, abasebenzisi abaningi ngeke bahlangabezane nezinkinga. .
Qaphela ngamaphutha ezibalo
Ngokuvamile sikhetha ukusebenza ngamaphesenti kunencazelo (incazelo ye-arithmetic) yesethi yamanani. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sicabangele amanani ahlakazekile, avame ukuba nezici ezihluke kakhulu (futhi ezithakazelisayo) kunesilinganiso. Ngenxa yemvelo yokwenziwa yezinhlelo zekhompiyutha, amanani wemethrikhi avame ukutshengiswa, isibonelo, asikho isicelo esingathola impendulo ngaphansi kuka-0 ms, futhi ukuphuma kwesikhathi okungu-1000 ms kusho ukuthi ngeke kube nezimpendulo eziyimpumelelo ezinamavelu amakhulu. kunesikhathi sokuvala. Ngenxa yalokho, asikwazi ukwamukela ukuthi i-mean ne-median ingafana noma isondelene!
Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili, futhi ngaphandle uma ukuqagela okuthile okujwayelekile kanye nezilinganiso zisekhona, siyaqikelela ukuthi singaphetha ngokuthi idatha yethu ivamise ukusatshalaliswa. Uma ukusatshalaliswa kungenzeki njengoba bekulindelekile, inqubo yokuzenzakalela elungisa inkinga (isibonelo, lapho ibona abangaphandle, iqala kabusha iseva ngokubambezeleka kokucubungula isicelo esiphezulu) kungenzeka ikwenza kaningi noma ayivamisile ngokwanele (kokubili okungekona kuhle kakhulu).
Hlela izinkomba
Sincoma ukuthi ulinganise izici ezijwayelekile ze-SLI ukuze ungacabangi ngazo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Noma yisiphi isici esenelisa amaphethini ajwayelekile singase singabandakanywa ekucacisweni kwe-SLI ngayinye, isibonelo:
- Izikhawu zokuhlanganisa: “isilinganiso esingaphezu komzuzu ongu-1”
- Izindawo zokuhlanganisa: “Yonke imisebenzi ku-cluster”
- Izilinganiso zithathwa kaningi kangakanani: “Njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10”
- Yiziphi izicelo ezinikwe amandla: "HTTP GET from black box monitoring jobs"
- Itholakala kanjani idatha: "Siyabonga ngokuqapha kwethu okulinganiselwe kuseva"
- Ukubambezeleka kokufinyelela kwedatha: "Isikhathi sokugcina i-byte"
Ukuze wonge umzamo, dala isethi yezifanekiso ze-SLI ezisebenziseka kabusha zemethrikhi ngayinye evamile; futhi benza kube lula kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi aqonde ukuthi i-SLI ethile isho ukuthini.
Imigomo ekusebenzeni
Qala ngokucabanga (noma uthole!) ukuthi abasebenzisi bakho banendabani, hhayi ongakwazi ukukukala. Ngokuvamile lokho abasebenzisi abakukhathalelayo kunzima noma akwenzeki ukukukala, ngakho ugcina usondelene nezidingo zabo. Nokho, uma uvele uqale ngalokho okulula ukukukala, uzogcina usunama-SLO angasebenziseki kangako. Ngenxa yalokho, ngezinye izikhathi siye sathola ukuthi ekuqaleni ukuhlonza imigomo esiyifunayo bese sisebenza ngezinkomba ezithile kusebenza kangcono kunokukhetha izinkomba bese sifinyelela imigomo.
Chaza imigomo yakho
Ukuze kucace kakhulu, kufanele kuchazwe ukuthi ama-SLO akalwa kanjani kanye nezimo asebenza ngaphansi kwazo. Isibonelo, singasho okulandelayo (umugqa wesibili uyafana nowokuqala, kodwa usebenzisa okumisiwe kwe-SLI):
- U-99% (isilinganiso esingaphezu kweminithi elingu-1) wamakholi we-Thola i-RPC azoqeda ngaphansi kuka-100ms (akalwa kuwo wonke amaseva angemuva).
- U-99% wamakholi we-Thola i-RPC azoqeda ngaphansi kuka-100ms.
Uma umumo wamajika okusebenza ubalulekile, ungacacisa ama-SLO amaningi:
- 90% we Thola amakholi e-RPC aqedwe ngaphansi kuka-1 ms.
- 99% we Thola amakholi e-RPC aqedwe ngaphansi kuka-10 ms.
- 99.9% we Thola amakholi e-RPC aqedwe ngaphansi kuka-100 ms.
Uma abasebenzisi bakho benza umsebenzi omningi ohlukile: ukucutshungulwa kwenqwaba (okubalulekile ukudlula) kanye nokucubungula okusebenzisanayo (okubalulekile ukubambezeleka kwakho), kungase kusize ukuchaza imigomo ehlukene yesigaba ngasinye somthwalo:
- U-95% wezicelo zamakhasimende zidinga ukuthunyelwa. Setha isibalo samakholi e-RPC akhishiwe <1 s.
- Ama-99% amaklayenti anendaba nokubambezeleka. Setha isibalo samakholi e-RPC ngethrafikhi engu- <1 KB futhi egijima <10 ms.
Akunangqondo futhi akuthandeki ukugcizelela ukuthi ama-SLO azohlangatshezwana ne-100% yesikhathi: lokhu kunganciphisa ijubane lokwethula ukusebenza okusha nokuthunyelwa, futhi kudinga izixazululo ezibizayo. Kunalokho, kungcono ukuvumela isabelomali sephutha - iphesenti lesikhathi sokuphumula sesistimu esivunyelwe - futhi ugade leli nani nsuku zonke noma masonto onke. Abaphathi abakhulu bangase bafune ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke noma kwekota. (Isabelomali samaphutha simane nje siyi-SLO uma siqhathaniswa nenye i-SLO.)
Iphesenti lokuphulwa kwe-SLO lingaqhathaniswa nesabelomali samaphutha (bona Isahluko 3 nesigaba ), ngevelu yomehluko esetshenziswa njengokufakwayo kunqubo enquma ukuthi kuthunyelwa nini ukukhishwa okusha.
Ukukhetha amanani okuhlosiwe
Ukukhetha amavelu wokuhlela (ama-SLO) akuwona umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe ngenxa yomkhiqizo nentshisekelo yebhizinisi okufanele ibonakale kuma-SLI akhethiwe, ama-SLO (futhi mhlawumbe nama-SLA). Ngokunjalo, ulwazi lungase ludinge ukushintshaniswa mayelana nezindaba ezithinta abasebenzi, isikhathi sokumaketha, ukutholakala kwemishini, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali. I-SRE kufanele ibe yingxenye yale ngxoxo futhi isize ukuqonda ubungozi nokusebenza kwezinketho ezahlukene. Siqhamuke nemibuzo embalwa engasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxoxo ikhiqiza kakhulu:
Ungakhethi umgomo ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwamanje.
Nakuba ukuqonda amandla nemikhawulo yesistimu kubalulekile, ukulungisa amamethrikhi ngaphandle kokucabanga kungakuvimbela ekugcineni isistimu: kuzodinga imizamo yobuqhawe ukuze kuzuzwe imigomo engenakufinyelelwa ngaphandle kokuklama kabusha okubalulekile.
Kugcine kulula
Izibalo ze-SLI eziyinkimbinkimbi zingafihla izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwesistimu futhi zenze kube nzima ukuthola imbangela yenkinga.
Gwema ama-absolute
Nakuba kulinga ukuba nesistimu engakwazi ukuphatha umthwalo okhulayo ngaphandle kokulinda okwandayo, le mfuneko ayinangqondo. Isistimu esondela emibonweni enjalo cishe izodinga isikhathi esiningi ukuze idizayine futhi yakhe, izobiza kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, futhi izoba yinhle kakhulu kokulindelwe ngabasebenzisi abangenza noma yini encane.
Sebenzisa ama-SLO ambalwa ngangokunokwenzeka
Khetha inani elanele lama-SLO ukuze uqinisekise ukumbozwa kahle kwezibaluli zesistimu. Vikela ama-SLO owakhethayo: Uma ungakwazi ukunqoba ingxabano mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala ngokucacisa i-SLO ethile, cishe akufanele ukuthi ucabangele leyo SLO. Nokho, akuzona zonke izibaluli zesistimu ezivumeleka kuma-SLO: kunzima ukubala izinga lokujabula komsebenzisi usebenzisa ama-SLO.
Ungajahi ukuphelela
Ungahlala ucwenga izincazelo nezinjongo zama-SLO ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuziphatha kwesistimu ngaphansi komthwalo. Kungcono ukuqala ngomgomo ontantayo ozowucwenga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokukhetha umgomo oqine ngokweqile okufanele uxegiswe lapho uthola ukuthi awufinyeleleki.
Ama-SLO angakwazi futhi kufanele abe umshayeli oyinhloko ekubekeni phambili umsebenzi wama-SRE nabathuthukisi bemikhiqizo ngoba abonisa ukukhathazeka kwabasebenzisi. I-SLO enhle iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuphoqelela ithimba lentuthuko. Kodwa i-SLO eyakhelwe kabi ingaholela emsebenzini omoshayo uma iqembu lenza imizamo yobuqhawe yokuzuza i-SLO enolaka ngokweqile, noma umkhiqizo ompofu uma i-SLO iphansi kakhulu. I-SLO iyisivikelo esinamandla, sisebenzise ngokuhlakanipha.
Lawula izilinganiso zakho
I-SLI ne-SLO yizici ezibalulekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha amasistimu:
- Gada futhi ulinganise amasistimu e-SLI.
- Qhathanisa i-SLI ne-SLO bese unquma ukuthi isenzo siyadingeka yini.
- Uma isenzo sidingeka, thola ukuthi yini okudingeka kwenzeke ukuze ufeze umgomo.
- Qedela lesi senzo.
Isibonelo, uma isinyathelo sesi-2 sibonisa ukuthi isicelo siphelelwa isikhathi futhi sizophula i-SLO emahoreni ambalwa uma kungekho okwenziwayo, isinyathelo sesi-3 singase sifake ukuhlola umbono wokuthi amaseva aboshwe nge-CPU futhi ukwengeza amaseva amaningi kuzosabalalisa umthwalo . Ngaphandle kwe-SLO, ubungeke wazi ukuthi (noma nini) ukuthatha isinyathelo.
Setha i-SLO - khona-ke okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi kuzosethwa
Ukushicilela i-SLO kusetha okulindelwe umsebenzisi ngokuziphatha kwesistimu. Abasebenzisi (nabangase babe ngabasebenzisi) ngokuvamile bafuna ukwazi ukuthi yini abangayilindela kusevisi ukuze baqonde ukuthi ingabe ifaneleka yini ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, abantu abafuna ukusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yokwabelana ngezithombe bangase bafune ukugwema ukusebenzisa isevisi ethembisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nezindleko eziphansi uma beshintshanisa ukutholakala okuncane, nakuba isevisi efanayo ingase ifaneleke kusistimu yokuphatha amarekhodi engobo yomlando.
Ukuze usethe okulindelwe okungokoqobo kubasebenzisi bakho, sebenzisa iqhinga elilodwa noma womabili alandelayo:
- Gcina umkhawulo wokuphepha. Sebenzisa i-SLO yangaphakathi eqinile kunaleyo ekhangiswa kubasebenzisi. Lokhu kuzokunika ithuba lokusabela ezinkingeni ngaphambi kokuthi zibonakale ngaphandle. Ibhafa ye-SLO futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ube nemajini yokuphepha lapho ufaka ukukhishwa okuthinta ukusebenza kwesistimu futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isistimu kulula ukuyinakekela ngaphandle kokuthi ukhungathekise abasebenzisi ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
- Ungeqi okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi. Abasebenzisi basekelwe kulokho okunikezayo, hhayi lokho okushoyo. Uma ukusebenza kwangempela kwesevisi yakho kungcono kakhulu kune-SLO eshiwo, abasebenzisi bazoncika ekusebenzeni kwamanje. Ungagwema ukuncika ngokweqile ngokuvala isistimu ngamabomu noma ukhawule ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo elula.
Ukuqonda ukuthi isistimu ihlangabezana kahle kangakanani nokulindelwe kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi uzotshala imali yini ekusheshiseni uhlelo nokwenza lufinyeleleke kalula futhi luqine. Okunye, uma isevisi isebenza kahle kakhulu, isikhathi esithile sabasebenzi kufanele sisetshenziswe kwezinye izinto ezibalulekile, njengokukhokha isikweletu somsebenzi, ukwengeza izici ezintsha, noma ukwethula imikhiqizo emisha.
Izivumelwano ngokusebenza
Ukudala i-SLA kudinga amaqembu ebhizinisi nezomthetho ukuthi achaze imiphumela nezinhlawulo zokuwephula. Indima ye-SRE iwukubasiza baqonde izinselele ezingaba khona ekuhlangabezaneni nama-SLO aqukethwe ku-SLA. Izincomo eziningi zokudala ama-SLO ziyasebenza nakuma-SLA. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqapha kulokho okuthembisa abasebenzisi ngoba uma unokuningi, kuba nzima ukushintsha noma ukususa ama-SLA abonakala kungenangqondo noma okunzima ukuhlangabezana nawo.
Siyabonga ngokufunda okuhunyushiwe kuze kube sekugcineni. Bhalisela isiteshi sami socingo mayelana nokuqapha и .
Source: www.habr.com