I-Codec yethulwa ngo-2018 yasekelwa abadlali abakhulu emakethe yokusakaza. Abahlinzeki bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha bakuqinisekisile ukusekela i-codec entsha, futhi izindawo zokugcina ezine-AV1 hardware decoding kufanele zitholakale ekupheleni konyaka. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, ama-patent troll anezidingo zezimali asebenze kakhulu.
Ikhodekhi yevidiyo umthombo ovulekile uthuthukiswe kusukela ngo-2015 ngonjiniyela bezinkampani eziningi, kuhlanganise ne-Amazon, BBC, Netflix, Hulu nabanye, abadale i-Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Ubuchwepheshe obusha buhloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukusakaza ividiyo ngezinqumo eziphakeme kakhulu (i-4K nangaphezulu), enephalethi yombala enwetshiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene be-HDR. Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko ze-codec, i-AOMedia ikhomba I-algorithm yokucindezela uma iqhathaniswa nezindlela ezikhona, izidingo zekhompuyutha zehadiwe ezibikezelwe, kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu nokuqina.
Lezi zinkampani ezinezinsizakalo zazo zokusakaza zidinga amakhodekhi asebenzayo njengomoya. Okokuqala, i-AV1 yehlisa izidingo zomkhawulokudonsa woxhumano lwe-inthanethi kokubili ezingeni lesikhungo sedatha (DPC) kanye nasezingeni labahlinzeki kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Amazon Studios kwefilimu engu-65mm kanye namakhamera e-IMAX MSM 9802 (okunzima ukuwaqasha) kanye neRED Monstro yefilimu i-Aeronafta () kubonisa ukuthi inkampani ilungiselela inkathi ye-post-4K, lapho amakhodekhi amanje engeke abonakale esebenza kahle.
Ngokuqondene nama-decoder esofthiwe, okwamanje izinkampani eziningi ezihlanganisa i-Cisco, i-Google, i-Netflix, i-Microsoft ne-Mozilla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa kwe-software, njengomthetho, njalo kusho ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuzothakazelisa ukubona ukusekelwa kokuqoshwa kwehadiwe.
I-Chips & Media ingenye yezokuqala ezethula i-AV1 hardware decoder ngo-Okthoba wonyaka odlule. Iphrosesa yevidiyo iwubunikazi bobuhlakani obunelayisensi (ehlanganiswe ezingeni le-RTL) engashumekwa kusistimu-on-chip (SoC) kusetshenziswa i-ARM AMBA 3 APB yangaphakathi namabhasi e-ARM AMBA3 AXI. Le decoder isekela i-AV1 codec level 5.1, i-bitrate ephezulu engu-50 Mbps, ukujula kombala kwamabhithi angu-8 noma angu-10, kanye nokusampula kombala okungu-4:2:0. Ukulungiselelwa okukodwa kwe-Wave 510A kwe-450MHz kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuqondwe ukusakaza kokulungiswa kwe-4K ngo-60Hz (4Kp60) kuyilapho ukulungiselelwa okukabili kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuqondwe ukusakaza kwe-4Kp120 noma 8Kp60.
Ngokungeziwe kuma-Chips & Media, ezinye izinkampani ezimbalwa zinikeza amaphrosesa evidiyo anelayisensi anosekelo lwe-AV1. Ngokwesibonelo, Isekela kokubili i-AV1 namanye amafomethi adumile ahlanganisa i-H.264, H.265 (HEVC), VP9 kanye ne-JPEG. Futhi zisekela 4:2:0 kanye 4:2:2 chroma subsampling kubasebenzisi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile. Ngaso leso sikhathi, u-Allegro uthi lezi zixazululo zinikezwe ilayisense abahlinzeki bemishini besigaba sokuqala futhi zizosetshenziswa emishinini yokugcina ezokhishwa ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka.
Ngokungeziwe kumaphrosesa wevidiyo anelayisensi, abathuthukisi abaningi bamemezele amasistimu enziwe ngomumo e-chip anokusekelwa kwe-AV1 kwama-TV, amabhokisi aphezulu, abadlali namanye amadivayisi afanayo. I-Amlogic igqamile phakathi kwabanye ukusekela izinqumo ezifika ku-8Kp60, Broadcom ngosekelo lwe-4Kp60, i-Realtek (4Kp60) kanye (8Kp60). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizukulwane sesithathu se-LG α9 SoCs, enika amandla ama-TV enkampani angama-8 2020K, futhi isekela i-AV1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMediaTek imemezele i-Dimensity 1000 mobile system-on-chip ene-AV1 hardware decoder.
Njengoba ubona, ukusekela ukuqoshwa kwehadiwe kokusakazwa kwe-AV1 okuvela konjiniyela bamaphrosesa wevidiyo nama-chips anelayisensi kusesekuncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe ukusekelwa kwe-codec entsha evela ezinkampanini eziningi zobuchwepheshe (i-Apple, i-Amazon, i-AMD, i-ARM, i-Broadcom, i-Facebook, i-Google, i-Hulu, i-Intel, i-IBM, i-Microsoft, i-Netflix, i-NVIDIA, i-Realtek, i-Sigma nabanye abaningi), kufanelekile ukulindela ukusekelwa kwehadiwe kwe-AV1 eminyakeni ezayo.
Ngokusemthethweni, ikhodekhi yevidiyo ye-AV1 ayidingi ukukhokhelwa kwemali yelayisense yokusebenzisa amalungelo athile obunikazi angamalungu e-Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Nakuba inqubo yokufaka ilungelo lobunikazi ku-AV1 idinga umbono wochwepheshe ababili ukuthi ayiphuli amalungelo wanoma ubani, kuhlale kukhona ama-patent troll amalungelo awo ahlala ephulwa yiwo wonke umuntu.
Ngakho-ke, inkampani yaseLuxembourg i-Sisvel iqoqe inqwaba yamalungelo obunikazi angu-3000 ezinkampanini eziningi ezichaza ubuchwepheshe obufana nalokhu obusetshenziswa ku-AV1 naku-VP9. Kusukela ngoMashi kulo nyaka, uSisvel labo abafisa ukunikeza lawa malungelo obunikazi ama-euro angu-0,32 ngocingo olunesibonisi (i-TV, i-smartphone, i-PC nokunye) kanye ne-€0,11 yedivayisi engenasibonisi (chip, isidlali, i-motherboard nokunye). Nakuba u-Sisvel engahlelile ukukhokhisa imali yokulayisensa kokuqukethwe, kubonakala sengathi isofthiwe ibhekwa njengengxenye yehadiwe, okusho ukuthi abathuthukisi be-software kufanele bakhokhele inkampani.
Nakuba u-Sisvel engakaqali izinyathelo zomthetho nabadali behadiwe nesofthiwe (futhi ngeke aqale kuze kube yilapho ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi), kusobala ukuthi izinhloso ezinjalo zikhona. Nokho, i-AOMedia vikela ababambiqhaza ku-AV1 ecosystem, nakuba ingachazi ukuthi kanjani.
Abadali be-AV1 balindele ukuthi ibe yonke indawo kuzo zonke izinkundla, ngakho-ke lindela ukuthi ingasekelwa abaklami abakhulu bama-chip kuphela, abadali bezinhlelo zesofthiwe nabahlinzeki besevisi, kodwa futhi nabakhiqizi abahamba phambili bezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo.
Nokho, akuyona yonke into enhle kakhulu ku-AV1. Okokuqala, njengoba abadlali abaningi, ama-TV nama-set-top boxes engayisekeli le codec, ukushintshela kuyo yonke imboni kuzohamba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi esikhathini se-post-8K, abathuthukisi balungiselela i-codec ye-AV2. Okwesibili, izimfuno zama-patent troll zizonciphisa ngokusobala intshisekelo kubuchwepheshe phakathi kwezinye izinkampani.
Source: 3dnews.ru