I-Google imemezele ukufakwa kokusekelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-WebGPU graphics API kanye ne-WGSL (WebGPU Shading Language) ku-Chrome 113, ehlelelwe ukukhishwa ngoMeyi 2. I-WebGPU inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo esifana ne-Vulkan, Metal, kanye ne-Direct3D 12 yokwenza imisebenzi eseceleni ye-GPU njengokunikeza nokubamba ikhompyutha, futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwe-shader ukubhala izinhlelo ezisebenza ohlangothini lwe-GPU. Ukuqaliswa kwe-WebGPU kuzonikwa amandla ekuqaleni kuphela ku-ChromeOS, macOS, naku-Windows builds. Ku-Linux ne-Android, usekelo lwe-WebGPU luzosebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokungeziwe ku-Chrome, ukusekelwa kokuhlola kweWebGPU kuhloliwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2020 kuFirefox futhi kusukela ngoNovemba 2021 eSafari. Ukuze unike amandla i-WebGPU kuFirefox, kufanele usethe amafulegi okuthi dom.webgpu.enabled kanye ne-gfx.webgpu.force-enabled kokuthi mayelana:config. Azikho izinhlelo okwamanje zokuvumela i-WebGPU ngokuzenzakalelayo kuFirefox neSafari. Ukuqaliswa kwe-WebGPU okwenzelwe i-Firefox ne-Chrome kuyatholakala ngendlela yemitapo yolwazi ehlukene - i-Dawn (C++) ne-wgpu (Rust), ongayisebenzisa ukuhlanganisa ukusekelwa kwe-WebGPU ezinhlelweni zakho zokusebenza. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka futhi wokwengeza usekelo lwe-WebGPU kumalabhulali e-JavaScript adumile asebenzisa i-WebGL ngokomdabu. Isibonelo, ukusekelwa okugcwele kwe-WebGPU sekumenyezelwe kakade ku-Babylon.js, nokusekelwa ngokwengxenye kokuthi Three.js, PlayCanvas kanye ne-TensorFlow.js.
Ngokucatshangwayo, i-WebGPU ihluke ku-WebGL ngendlela efanayo naleyo i-Vulkan graphics API ehluke ngayo ku-OpenGL, kodwa i-WebGPU ayisekelwe ku-API yemifanekiso ethile, kodwa iyingqimba yendawo yonke esebenzisa ama-primitives asezingeni eliphansi afanayo atholakala ku-Vulkan, Metal and I-Direct3D. I-WebGPU inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-JavaScript ngezinga eliphansi lokulawula inhlangano, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokudluliselwa kwemiyalo ku-GPU, ukuphatha izinsiza ezihlotshaniswayo, inkumbulo, amabhafa, izinto zokuthungwa nezithunzi zezithombe ezihlanganisiwe. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezithombe ngokunciphisa izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza ne-GPU.
I-WebGPU yenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi e-3D eWebhu angenzi okubi kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezizimele ezisebenzisa ngokuqondile i-Vulkan, Metal noma i-Direct3D, kodwa ezingaboshelwe kumapulatifomu athile. I-WebGPU futhi ihlinzeka ngamakhono engeziwe okuthutha izinhlelo zezithombe zomdabu zibe ifomu elinikwe amandla iwebhu ngokuhlanganisa ku-WebAssembly. Ngaphezu kwemifanekiso ye-3D, i-WebGPU iphinde ihlanganise namakhono ahlobene nokulayisha izibalo ku-GPU nokwenza imithunzi.
Izici ezibalulekile zeWebGPU:
- Ukuphathwa okuhlukene kwezinsiza, umsebenzi wokulungiselela kanye nokudluliselwa kwemiyalo ku-GPU (ku-WebGL into eyodwa yayinesibopho sayo yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa). Kunikezwe okuqukethwe okuthathu okuhlukene: I-GPUDevice yokudala izinsiza ezifana nokuthungwa namabhafa; I-GPUCommandEncoder yombhalo wekhodi imiyalo ngayinye, okuhlanganisa ukunikeza nezigaba zokubala; I-GPUCommandBuffer izofakwa kulayini ukuze isetshenziswe ku-GPU. Umphumela unganikezwa endaweni ehlotshaniswa ne-elementi yekhanvasi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, noma kusetshenzwe ngaphandle kokuphumayo (isibonelo, uma usebenzisa imisebenzi yekhompyutha). Ukwehlukanisa izigaba kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa ukwakhiwa kwensiza kanye nemisebenzi yokulungiselela kube izibambi ezihlukene ezingasebenza emicu ehlukene.
- Indlela ehlukile yokucubungula izifunda. I-WebGPU inikezela ngezinto ezimbili - i-GPURenderPipeline kanye ne-GPUComputePipeline, ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izifunda ezahlukahlukene ezichazwe ngaphambilini umthuthukisi, okuvumela isiphequluli ukuthi singamoshi izinsiza emsebenzini owengeziwe, njengama-shader okubuyisela. Izimo ezisekelwayo zifaka: imithunzi, i-vertex buffer nezakhiwo zesibaluli, izakhiwo zeqembu ezinamathelayo, ukuxubana, ukujula namaphethini, namafomethi okukhiphayo ngemva kokunikezwa.
- Imodeli ebophayo efana nezici zokuqoqa izisetshenziswa ze-Vulkan. Ukuqoqa izinsiza ndawonye, i-WebGPU ihlinzeka ngento ye-GPUBindGroup, engahlotshaniswa nezinye izinto ezifanayo ukuze zisetshenziswe kumathunzi ngenkathi ubhala imiyalo. Ukudala amaqembu anjalo kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi enze izenzo zokulungiselela ezidingekayo kusengaphambili, futhi kuvumela isiphequluli ukuthi siguqule ukubophezela kwezinsiza phakathi kwezingcingo zokudonsa ngokushesha okukhulu. Isakhiwo sokubophezela kwensiza singachazwa kusengaphambili kusetshenziswa into ye-GPUBindGroupLayout.
Source: opennet.ru