I-Firefox, i-Chrome ne-Safari ivimba "isitifiketi sikazwelonke" esisetshenziswe e-Kazakhstan

-Google, I-Mozilla и Apple umemezele izakhiwo ezisetshenziswe eKazakhstan "isitifiketi sokuphepha sikazwelonke» ohlwini lwezitifiketi ezichithiwe. Ukusebenzisa lesi sitifiketi sempande manje kuzophumela kusixwayiso sokuvikeleka ku-Firefox, i-Chrome/Chromium, ne-Safari, kanye nemikhiqizo esuselwe esekelwe kukhodi yayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ngoJulayi eKazakhstan kwakukhona kwenziwa umzamo ukubeka ukulawula kombuso phezu kwethrafikhi evikelekile eya kumasayithi angaphandle ngaphansi kwezaba lokuvikela abasebenzisi. Ababhalisi benani labahlinzeki abakhulu bayalwe ukuthi bafake isitifiketi sempande esikhethekile kumakhompyutha abo, esizovumela ezingeni lomhlinzeki ukuthi abambe buthule ithrafikhi ebethelwe kanye ne-wedge ekuxhumekeni kwe-HTTPS.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona kulungisiwe Izama ukusebenzisa lesi sitifiketi ngokwenza esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-traffic ku-Google, Facebook, Odnoklassniki, Vkontakte, Twitter, YouTube nezinye izinsiza. Lapho kusungulwa uxhumo lwe-TLS, isitifiketi sangempela sesayithi okuhlosiwe sathathelwa indawo isitifiketi esisha esikhiqizwe ngokuphazima kweso, esamakwa isiphequluli njengesivumelekile uma "isitifiketi sokuvikela sikazwelonke" sengezwe ngumsebenzisi esitolo sesitifiketi sempande, njengoba isitifiketi somgunyathi sixhunywe uchungechunge lokuthembana "nesitifiketi sokuvikela sikazwelonke". Ngaphandle kokufaka lesi sitifiketi, akwenzekanga ukusungula uxhumano oluvikelekile namasayithi ashiwo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi engeziwe, njenge-Tor noma i-VPN.

Imizamo yokuqala yokuhlola ukuxhumana okuphephile eKazakhstan yenziwa ngo-2015, lapho uhulumeni waseKazakhstan. wazama ukuzuza ukufakwa kwesitifiketi sempande yesiphathimandla sesitifiketi esilawulwayo esitolo sesitifiketi sezimpande se-Mozilla. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, inhloso yokusebenzisa lesi sitifiketi ukuhlola abasebenzisi yavezwa, futhi isicelo sanqatshwa. Ngemva konyaka kwaba khona Kazakhstan
kwamukelwe izichibiyelo zomthetho othi "Ezokuxhumana", ezidinga ukufakwa kwesitifiketi ngabasebenzisi ngokwabo, kodwa empeleni, ukuphoqa lesi sitifiketi kwaqala kuphela phakathi no-July 2019.

Emasontweni amabili edlule, kwethulwa "isitifiketi sokuphepha kazwelonke" kwaba kukhanseliwe ngencazelo yokuthi lokhu bekuwukuhlola kuphela ubuchwepheshe. Abahlinzeki bayalwe ukuthi bayeke ukubeka izitifiketi kubasebenzisi, kodwa emasontweni amabili okusebenza, abasebenzisi abaningi base-Kazakh sebevele basifakile isitifiketi, ngakho-ke amandla okuvinjelwa kwethrafikhi awazange anyamalale. Ngokuncishiswa kwephrojekthi, ubungozi bokhiye bokubethela obuhlobene "nesitifiketi sokuvikela sikazwelonke" bawela kwezinye izandla ngenxa yokuvuza kwedatha nakho kwanda (isitifiketi esikhiqiziwe sisebenza kuze kube ngu-2024).

Isitifiketi esibekiwe, esingenakwenqatshwa, siphula uhlelo lokuqinisekisa igunya lesitifiketi, njengoba isiphathimandla esikhiqize lesi sitifiketi singazange siphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, asizange sivumelane nezimfuneko zezikhungo zokunikeza izitifiketi futhi akudingekile ukuba silandele imithetho emisiwe, i.e. ingakhipha isitifiketi sanoma iyiphi isayithi kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izaba.
I-Mozilla ikholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo ubukela phansi ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi futhi uphambene nomgomo wesine. I-Mozilla Manifesto, ebheka ukuvikeleka nobumfihlo njengezici ezibalulekile.

Source: opennet.ru