Ibhizinisi le-IT lihlala liyindawo ephezulu, ngaphambi kakhulu kokukhiqiza nezinye izinhlobo zezinsizakalo. Ngemva kokudala uhlelo lokusebenza, igeyimu noma isevisi, awukwazi ukusebenza endaweni yangakini kuphela, kodwa nasezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, unikeza izinsiza ezigidini zamakhasimende angaba khona.
Kodwa-ke, uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ibhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe, noma yimuphi uchwepheshe we-IT uyaqonda ukuthi inkampani yaseRussia kanye ne-CIS ilahlekelwa ngezindlela eziningi kubalingani bayo bakwamanye amazwe. Ngisho nezimali ezinkulu ezisebenzela kakhulu imakethe yasekhaya ngokuvamile zithatha ingxenye yamakhono azo ngaphandle kwezwe.
Kungokufanayo nasezinkampanini ezincane, kodwa isinqumo sokuyisa inkampani phesheya sisebenza ngokuphindwe kabili lapho amakhasimende etholakala emhlabeni wonke.
Ngihlanganise uhlu lwamazwe lapho kuthakazelisa futhi kunenzuzo ukubhalisa izinkampani zokwenza ibhizinisi le-IT ngo-2019. Okuwukuphela kwe-caveat ukuthi imininingwane yokubhalisa iziqalo ze-Fintech ezidinga ukuthola ilayisense lokukhipha imali ye-elekthronikhi noma ukwenza imisebenzi yasebhange ayishiwongo.
Yini okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izwe lokubhalisa inkampani ye-IT?
Lapho ukhetha izwe lokubhalisa inkampani esebenza emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, izici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Idumela
Izinhlamvu zamagama zingaba namahhovisi ezindaweni ezingasogwini zakudala, okungenani ngebutho eliqashiwe labameli kanye nabaxhumanisi abazochaza ukuthi kungani lokhu kudingeka. Inkampani esaqala uhambo lwayo futhi engena ezimakethe ezintsha ayidingi izindleko ezengeziwe zabameli kanye nemizamo yokufakazela izikhulu ukuthi isakhiwo sakho akusona esokubalekela intela.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi inkampani yakho ibhaliswe ngokushesha ezweni elinegama elanele. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yaleli phuzu ukuthi umuntu kufanele ashiye iRussia kanye ne-CIS - abathenjwa njalo emakethe yomhlaba futhi bavame ukucelwa ukuthi bahlele inkampani eyengeziwe eCyprus noma kwenye indawo evamile.
Ukutholakala kwengqalasizinda
I-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu, amaseva anamandla, ukuxhumana kweselula, ikhono labasebenzisi lokusebenzisa ama-smartphone namakhompyutha - ukuba khona kwalezi zakhi zesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini le-IT.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda ingabhekwa njengokutholakala kwezinsizakalo ezikahle zokusebenza nombuso, umthetho oguquguqukayo okuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokwezifiso inkampani ngokwezidingo zakho, ukufinyelela kuma-incubator, izikweletu, abasebenzi abangochwepheshe, nokunye okunjalo.
Ikhono lokuhlinzeka Into. Lesi sikhathi siye sasebenza eminyakeni yamuva. Uma ngaphambili kwakungenzeka ukubhalisa inkampani endaweni ethile eSeychelles, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ungavuli ihhovisi lapho futhi ugcine bonke abasebenzi, kanye nomsebenzi oyinhloko, eKaluga yabo yomdabu, manje ukuqondisa okunjalo ngeke kusebenze.
Into - lokhu ubukhona bangempela bebhizinisi kwenye noma kwenye ingxenye yomhlaba, ngokuvamile endaweni yokubhalisa. Ezweni lanamuhla, kuyadingeka ukufakazela ukuthi unezinto. Kuya kubani? Amabhange kanye neziphathimandla zentela.
Into iyisizinda esisebenzayo, ihhovisi, abasebenzi, njll.
Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwangempela, ungalahlekelwa izinzuzo zentela ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokugwema intela ephindwe kabili, uthole ukwenqatshwa kwesevisi evela ebhange. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indawo yokubhaliswa kwenkampani kuvame ukunqunywa izindleko zokunakekela inkampani.
Izintela ziyingxenye yezindleko zebhizinisi
Ngokukhetha indawo efanele kanye nohlobo lokubhaliswa kwenkampani, unganciphisa ngokusemthethweni ukudonswa kwentela. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ngisho nangaphandle kwezinkampani zasolwandle kungenzeka ukufeza intela eyanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukhetha izwe, udinga ukubheka izivumelwano zentela eziphindwe kabili: izimo ezivumayo zidalwe phakathi kwamanye amazwe azokuvumela ukuthi ukhokhe inani elincane kakhulu kunelo elibhalwe ngokusemthethweni emithethweni.
Ikhono lokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange
Futhi ekugcineni, kufanelekile ukusho ama-akhawunti asebhange. Ngizocaphuna uzakwethu, u-Natalie Revenko, umeluleki omkhulu wephrojekthi. Usiza amakhasimende ukuthi athole i-akhawunti yasebhange.
Ezweni elilungile nelinengqondo, iklayenti elithola imali ngokwethembeka ngezithukuthuku zobuso balo lizikhethela ibhange elifanelekayo. Ezweni lethu langempela, ngeshwa, endabeni yokubhanga kwabangewona abahlali, okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Isinqumo sokugcina sokuthi uyakuvulela noma cha i-akhawunti njengomuntu ongahlali endaweni ngaso sonke isikhathi sisebhange langaphandle.
Amabhange angaphansi kwenani elikhulu lezidingo. Umthetho wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe, unswinyo, umthetho omelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali - yonke into ngandlela thize ithinta imisebenzi yesikhungo sezezimali.
Ukuze uzivikele ekulahlekelweni ilayisense, amakhasimende amasha afundwa eduze kakhulu futhi noma iyiphi i-trifle ingaba yisizathu sokwenqaba: i-typo efomini lesicelo, isakhiwo sebhizinisi esingaqondakali, imisebenzi eyingozi, umnikazi wenkampani ovela ezweni elimnyama / elimpunga. .
Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqonda: ungazama ukuvula i-akhawunti yenkampani ezweni lokubhaliswa kwenkampani noma emazweni wesithathu. Kulula uma i-akhawunti ivulwa khona lapho, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunenzuzo enkulu, ngokushesha futhi ishibhile ukuvula i-akhawunti kwenye indawo.
Futhi manje ake sifunde uhlu lwamazwe anentshisekelo yokubhalisa inkampani ye-IT.
Amazwe lapho kunenzuzo ukubhalisa izinkampani zebhizinisi le-IT
Zonke izinkampani ezishiwo ngezansi zingabhaliswa ukude ngaphandle kokuvakasha komuntu siqu ezweni. Iqoqo lamadokhumenti lingahluka, kodwa yonke indawo uzodinga ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yepasipoti yomnikazi, kanye nobufakazi bekheli lendawo yokuhlala (ibhilidi yezinsiza, ukubhaliswa, njll.).
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Bonke abantu be-IT baya e-USA, ngokungangabazeki. Yimakethe yase-US enikeza inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu, futhi ngisho nokuncintisana akuvimbeli ukuqalisa okusha okwengeziwe ekuhlaseleni i-Olympus yendawo.
I-US ibeka isibonelo emhlabeni wonke ngosizo lwezinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Apple, iMicrosoft, i-Amazon. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imibuso ihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe ngokomthetho, i-IT kanye noxhaso.
Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, inkampani yaseMelika ingavula i-akhawunti cishe noma kuphi.
Ngemuva kwezinguquko zikaTrump, intela e-United States iye yaba phansi, okukhulise ukukhanga kwezwe kubatshalizimali.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zokungena emakethe yase-US zingaba phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlela ukuhlola imodeli yebhizinisi lakho kwezinye izifunda, ungabhalisa inkampani ngaphandle kwase-United States, bese ubuyela emuva uma kunesidingo.
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Enye imakethe edume kakhulu yeziqalo ze-IT. Amaphrojekthi we-Fintech enze kahle kakhulu lapha. Lokhu kwenziwe lula ngumthetho, ukufinyelela emakethe ye-EU kanye nemakethe ekhuluma isiNgisi, uhlelo oluthembekile lwezomthetho kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo empahla yengqondo.
Kungenzeka ukuvula i-akhawunti yenkampani yaseBrithani e-UK ngokwayo, nakuba abanikazi abangahlali bevame ukubuzwa imibuzo eyengeziwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukuvula i-akhawunti ngaphandle kwezwe.
Ukungaqiniseki ngo-2019 kungenxa yokuthi i-UK ivalelisa ku-EU, kuyilapho izivumelwano eziningi zingafinyelelwanga. Futhi ukuqinisa umthetho odinga ukubika ezinkampanini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sekuvele kunesidingo esicacile sokuhlinzekwa Kwezinto. Ngesikhathi sezinkinga zamabhange eLatvia, lapho umthetho washintsha, ngaphezu kwengxenye yezinkampani ezilahlekelwe ama-akhawunti azo kwakuyizinkampani zase-UK. Babebhekwa njengezinkampani zamagobolondo.
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I-Facebook, Apple kanye nenqwaba yezinye izikhondlakhondla zemboni ye-IT zivule amahhovisi ase-Europe e-Ireland. Lokhu konge izigidigidi zezintela. I-EU izamile ukufuna ukuthi izikhondlakhondla ze-IT zikhokhe izintela ezengeziwe, zibone ukuthengiselana phakathi kwe-Ireland nezinkampani njengokungekho emthethweni, kodwa kwabonakala kushwabene.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-Ireland iheha abadlali abaningi abasha. Lokhu kungenxa yomthetho ovikela izintshisekelo zebhizinisi kanye nempahla yengqondo, cishe izinga eliphansi lentela yebhizinisi eYurophu, ingqalasizinda efakazelwe yebhizinisi le-IT.
Futhi ngokumelene nesizinda se-Brexit, i-Ireland iba indawo engaba khona yezinkampani zaseBrithani ezisengozini yokulahlekelwa ukufinyelela ezimakethe ze-EU.
Ukuba khona kwehhovisi, abasebenzi ezweni bayanconywa, njengakwezinye izindawo. Kungenzeka ukuvula i-akhawunti.
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I-Canada iyikhaya lezinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zemidlalo, okuhlanganisa i-Ubisoft, ingxenye ye-Rockstar. Amaphrojekthi amaningi we-IT namabhizinisi aku-inthanethi nawo akhetha izwe njengekhaya lawo.
I-Canada inemakethe yasekhaya enkulu, isondelene ne-US, kanye nedumela elihlanzekile emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ingqalasizinda iyathuthukiswa futhi ihlale ithuthukiswa. Kukhona indawo yokugcina abasebenzi, eqeqeshwa emanyuvesi endawo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ubambiswano olulinganiselwe lwase-Canadian - uhlobo lwezinkampani ezikuvumela ukuthi wehlise intela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi ibe ngu-0%, inqobo nje uma yonke imali engenayo itholwa ngaphandle kwezwe. Intela yezabelo ikhokhelwa ozakwethu ngamanani entela engenayo yomuntu siqu ezweni lapho beyizakhamuzi zentela (eRussia yi-13%).
Leli fomu lingase lingafaneleki inkampane elingana ne-Apple, kodwa liyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubambiswano lwaseCanada lungavula i-akhawunti yasebhange e-Canada (kuncike ezimweni ezithile) noma cishe yiliphi elinye izwe emhlabeni. Uma udinga i-akhawunti e-Canada, khona-ke udaba lokuhlinzeka Ngomuthi kuyodingeka lusingathwe ngokuzibophezela okukhulu. Isibonelo, omunye wabaqondisi benkampani kufanele ahlale eCanada. Ukuvula i-akhawunti ngaphandle kwaseCanada kuzoba lula kancane.
Malta
I-Malta nayo ithathwa njengombangi esikhundleni se-UK. Kodwa noma ngabe lokhu kungenzeki, iMalta isivele iwine ingxenye yayo yemakethe ye-IT futhi iyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Isifunda sithandwa kakhulu ngamaphrojekthi ahlobene nokubheja, amakhasino aku-inthanethi, imali eyimfihlo, kodwa adinga amalayisensi. Izimo zebhizinisi lonke le-IT nazo zimnandi.
I-Malta iyingxenye ye-Eurozone, inikeza intela yenkampani ye-35%, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa izinga elisebenzayo ku-5%. Intela kumadividendi - 0%. Kochwepheshe be-IT, inqubo yokuthola izimvume zokusebenza yenziwe lula.
I-Malta inamabhange ayo, futhi ivunyelwe ukuvula i-akhawunti kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange eYurophu.
Armenia
Ngokunikezwa okukhethiwe ngenhla, leli lungu lohlu lizobonakala lingalindelekile. Kodwa-ke, amagama amasha nezihlabani ezikhulayo nazo ziyavela emakethe yezinsizakalo zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngisho noZuckerberg wayengeyena umfundi odumile, ingasaphathwa eyezindawo.
I-Armenia iyathakazelisa ngokuyinhloko ngohlelo lwayo lwentela lwebhizinisi le-IT. Ngemva kokuthola isitifiketi somsebenzi we-IT (cishe inyanga yokulinda ngemva kokubhalisa inkampani), uthola intela engenayo engu-0%, intela engu-5% yezabelo, engabuyiswa, azikho izidingo eziqinile zehhovisi lendawo nabasebenzi, futhi i-akhawunti ivulwa ngqo ezweni.
Inhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe yenkampani enjalo ingaba kusuka ku-euro engu-1 - izimo ezinhle zokuqala zokuqalisa.
Switzerland
ISwitzerland akulona izwe lokuqala elifika engqondweni uma ukhuluma nge-IT. Nokho, lokhu kushiywa kufanele kulungiswe. Iqiniso liwukuthi amaphrojekthi anesabelomali esikhulu azizwa ekhululekile eSwitzerland, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IT emkhakheni wezokwelapha noma isisekelo sokudala nokugcina i-cryptocurrency enkulu.
Ingqalasizinda yaseSwitzerland ithuthuka ngokushesha kangangokuthi ama-bitcoins amukelwa kwamanye ama-canton njengenkokhelo yezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwe-fintech, iSwitzerland inentshisekelo kwezokuphepha ku-inthanethi, imithi, isayensi kanye nokukhiqiza. Uma iphrojekthi yakho ixazulula izinkinga kulezi zindawo, ukukhetha kwe-Federation kungase kube isikhuthazo esengeziwe kuwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSwitzerland iyizwe lamabhange, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nokuningi ongakhetha kuzo esikhungweni sezezimali.
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Ukuvula inkampani eChina akulula. Kepha eHong Kong - ngicela. Uma ufuna ukuphuma kancane emakethe yemidlalo yaseShayina, i-Hong Kong izokunikeza ithuba lokugxumela kuleyo niche.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Hong Kong inikeza intela yendawo, engaba yinzuzo kakhulu ebhizinisini le-IT elenza inzuzo ngaphandle kwezwe. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemihlomulo yezinkampani, okuhlanganisa nezinxephezelo zentela: isaphulelo esingu-50% kumadola ayizigidi ezi-2 zokuqala zenzuzo yase-Hong Kong, ukubanjwa kwe-R&D, njll.
Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, iHong Kong iyabikezelwa. Umthetho wayo umisiwe iminyaka engama-50. Kuyacaca ukuthi kuzokwenzekani emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo.
Inkinga nje yi-akhawunti yasebhange. Kunzima kakhulu kubantu bangaphandle kanye nezinkampani ezincane ukuvula i-akhawunti eHong Kong uqobo. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, futhi umphumela awuqinisekisiwe. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuvula i-akhawunti kwamanye amazwe noma ubheke ezinye izindlela.
Estonia
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obulinganiselwe, i-Estonia inezifiso ezinkulu. Mhlawumbe, yi-Estonia enikeza ingqalasizinda elula kakhulu yebhizinisi, kuhlanganise ne-IT, mayelana nokuxhumana nombuso. Isimo se-elekthronikhi simisiwe lapha futhi sisebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Ukubheja kwe-IT ezweni kwenziwa kudala futhi sizibonile izithelo zayo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho sibhekene nokuthengwa kweMicrosoft kwabadali beSkype. Naphezu kwesiphetho esidabukisayo sesithunywa ngokwaso, ithegi yentengo engu-$8,5 billion ibonisa ububanzi bethuba.
Emabhizinisini, ngaphezu kwengqalasizinda, kuyasiza ukuthi ungakhokhi intela engenayo inqobo nje uma inzuzo iphinde yatshalwa enkampanini.
Ukuntuleka kwamandla, njengokuhlala njalo, kuvela emabhange. Ukuvula i-akhawunti e-Estonia, kuyadingeka ukuthi imisebenzi yenkampani ixhunywe ne-Estonia. Lokhu kuxazululwa ngokuvula ama-akhawunti ngaphandle kwezwe.
Andorra
Omunye umdlali ongabonakali kakhulu, kodwa onikeza isilinganiso sentela yenkampani esingu-2%. Kulokhu, izimo ezikhethekile kufanele zihlangatshezwe. Izinga eliyisisekelo liyi-10%, eliphansi kunelase-Ireland.
Uma umnikazi wenkampani eba yisakhamuzi sentela sase-Andorra, uzokwazi ukususa intela yezabelo.
I-akhawunti ivulwa e-Andorra ngokwayo noma ngaphandle kwayo ngokwesicelo sakho.
Kusuka e-Andorra, kuyazuzisa ukuheha hhayi kuphela indawo, kodwa nengqalasizinda yaseSpain neyesiFulentshi. Amazwe asondelene kakhulu.
Esikhundleni se-resume
Ukungena emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kuyisinqumo esicatshangelwe kahle. Ukukhethwa kwenkampani nezwe lokuhlanganiswa kufanele kucatshangwe ngendlela efanayo. Ibhizinisi ngalinye lihlukile ngendlela yalo futhi ngalinye lizofanelana nezinkampani zalo kanye nama-akhawunti alo asebhange.
Ukukhetha okuqondile kwenziwa kangcono nochwepheshe. Isizathu salokhu silula: isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuvula inkampani e-Estonia futhi uvule i-akhawunti lapho, kodwa amaklayenti akho ase-Asia kuphela, khona-ke ngeke uthole noma iyiphi i-akhawunti. Kuzofanele sicabange, sibheke ezinye izindlela. Kodwa umane awuzange ucabangele imithetho futhi ulahlekelwe imali nesikhathi.
Source: www.habr.com