Izazi zefiziksi ezivela e-Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology kanye nozakwabo baseMoscow State Pedagogical University kanye naseNyuvesi yaseManchester badale umtshina wemisebe we-terahertz ozwela kakhulu ngokusekelwe kumphumela womhubhe ku-graphene. Eqinisweni, i-transistor yomhubhe we-field-effect yaguqulwa yaba umtshina, ongavulwa ngezibonakaliso "ezivela emoyeni", futhi azidluliswanga ngamasekethe avamile.
I-Quantum tunneling. Umthombo wesithombe: Daria Sokol, MIPT press service
Ukutholakala, okwakusekelwe emibonweni yezazi zefiziksi uMikhail Dyakonov noMikhail Shur abahlongozwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, kusondeza inkathi yobuchwepheshe be-terahertz obungenawaya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ijubane lokuxhumana okungenantambo lizokhuphuka izikhathi eziningi, futhi ubuchwepheshe be-radar nokuphepha, isayensi yezinkanyezi yomsakazo kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kuzokhuphukela ezingeni elisha ngokuphelele.
Umqondo wezazi zefiziksi zaseRussia wawuwukuthi i-transistor yomhubhe kwakuhlongoziwe ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukukhuliswa kwesignali kanye nokwehliswa kwenani, kodwa njengethuluzi "eliguqula isignali eshintshiwe ibe ukulandelana kwamabhithi noma ulwazi lwezwi ngenxa yobudlelwano obungaqondile. phakathi kwamanje kanye ne-voltage.” Ngamanye amazwi, umphumela womhubhe ungenzeka ezingeni lesignali eliphansi kakhulu esangweni le-transistor, elizovumela i-transistor ukuthi iqalise i-tunnel current (evulekile) ngisho nakusignali ebuthaka kakhulu.
Kungani uhlelo lwakudala lokusebenzisa ama-transistors lungafaneleki? Lapho uthuthela ebangeni le-terahertz, ama-transistors amaningi akhona awabi naso isikhathi sokuthola inkokhiso edingekayo, ngakho-ke isekethe yomsakazo yakudala ene-amplifier yesiginali ebuthakathaka ku-transistor elandelwa ukwehlisa amandla iba ingasebenzi. Kudingekile noma ukuthuthukisa ama-transistors, aphinde asebenze kuze kufike emkhawulweni othile, noma ukunikeza okuthile okuhluke ngokuphelele. Izazi zefiziksi zaseRussia zahlongoza ngokuqondile lokhu “okunye.”
I-Graphene tunnel transistor njengomtshina we-terahertz. Umthombo wesithombe: Ukuxhumana Kwemvelo
"Umqondo wokusabela okuqinile kwe-transistor yomhubhe kuma-voltage aphansi ubulokhu waziwa cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu," kusho omunye wababhali balolu cwaningo, inhloko yelabhorethri ye-optoelectronics yezinto ezinezici ezimbili esikhungweni se-Photonics. kanye ne-Two-Dimensional Materials e-MIPT, u-Dmitry Svintsov. Ngaphambi kwethu, akekho owaqaphela ukuthi yona le ndawo ye-transistor yomhubhe ingasetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bomtshina we-terahertz. Njengoba ososayensi beye babonisa, “uma i-transistor ivuleka futhi ivale kahle ngamandla aphansi esignali yokulawula, kufanele futhi ibe inhle ekucosheni isignali ebuthakathaka emoyeni.”
Ngokuhlolwa, okuchazwe kujenali ye-Nature Communications, i-transistor yomhubhe yadalwa nge-bilayer graphene. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi ukuzwela kwedivayisi kumodi yomhubhe kuyimiyalo embalwa yobukhulu obuphezulu kunaleyo ekumodi yokuthutha yakudala. Ngakho-ke, umtshina wokuhlola we-transistor awuzange ube mubi kakhulu ekuzweleni kunama-bolometers afanayo we-superconductor kanye ne-semiconductor atholakala emakethe. Ithiyori iphakamisa ukuthi lapho i-graphene ihlanzekile, kulapho ukuzwela kuzoba phezulu, okudlula kakhulu amakhono emishini yokuhlola yesimanje ye-terahertz, futhi lokhu akukona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa uguquko embonini.
Source: 3dnews.ru