Ngakho-ke, uphumelele enyuvesi. Izolo noma eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, akunandaba. Ungakhipha umoya, usebenze, uhlale uphapheme, ugweme ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile futhi unciphise ubungcweti bakho ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ube uchwepheshe obizayo. Yebo, noma okuphambene nalokho - khetha okuthandayo, ngena emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe, zibheke wena emsebenzini. Ngiqedile ngezifundo zami, ngokuphelele futhi ngokungenakuguqulwa. Noma cha? Noma uyafuna (udinga ngempela) ukuvikela incwadi yakho, hamba uyofundela ukuzijabulisa, uphumelele ubuciko obusha obukhethekile, uthole idigri yezinhloso ze-pragmatic career? Noma mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku ekuseni uzovuka futhi uzizwe unesifiso esingaziwa sepeni kanye nencwadi yokubhalela, ukuze udle ulwazi olusha enkampanini ejabulisayo yabafundi abadala? Nokho, into enzima kakhulu - kuthiwani uma ungumfundi waphakade?!
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi lukhona yini ukuqeqeshwa ngemva kwenyuvesi, ukuthi umuntu nombono wakhe ushintsha kanjani, yini ekhuthazayo nokuthi yini esikhubaza sonke ukuba sifunde, sitadishe futhi sifunde futhi.
Lena ingxenye yesithathu yochungechunge oluthi “Phila futhi Ufunde”
Ingxenye 3. Imfundo eyengeziwe
Ingxenye 4. Imfundo emsebenzini
Ingxenye 5. Ukuzifundisa
Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho kumazwana - mhlawumbe, ngenxa yemizamo yethimba le-RUVDS nabafundi be-Habr, imfundo yomunye izoba nolwazi oluthe xaxa, ilungile futhi ibe nezithelo.
▍Iziqu ze-Master
Iziqu ze-master's ukuqhubeka okunengqondo kwemfundo ephakeme (ikakhulukazi, iziqu ze-bachelor). Inikeza ulwazi olujulile ngezifundo ezikhethekile, inwebise futhi ijulise isisekelo setiyori yobungcweti.
Iziqu ze-masters zikhethwa ezimweni eziningana.
- Njengokuqhubeka kweziqu ze-bachelor's, abafundi bamane baphumelele izivivinyo ezikhethekile futhi baqhubeke nezifundo zabo, njengaseminyakeni ephakeme.
- Njengendlela yokujulisa okukhethekile, uchwepheshe oneminyaka engu-5-6 yokufunda ukhetha uhlelo lwe-master's ukuze ajulise futhi ahlanganise ulwazi, athole idiploma eyengeziwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi avele abe umfundi isikhathi eside (ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene).
- Njengendlela yokuthola imfundo eyengeziwe ngesisekelo semfundo ephakeme. Inselele enzima kakhulu: udinga ukufunda isifundo esikhethekile "sangaphandle" futhi ubhalise ohlelweni lwe-master (imvamisa inkokhelo), udlula emncintiswaneni nabafundi bomdabu basenyuvesi ekhethiwe. Kodwa-ke, lena indaba engenzeka ngokuphelele, futhi yilesi sisusa esibonakala kimi singesinye sezizathu ezifanele kakhulu.
Inkinga enkulu ngohlelo lwe-master's ukuthi izinkulumo zifundiswa othisha abafanayo njengasezinhlelweni ze-specialty kanye ne-bachelor's, futhi ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvumelana namamanyuwali afanayo kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu, okusho ukuthi isikhathi siyachithwa. Futhi uma ama-bachelor anesidingo esiqondile "sengxenye yesibili yokuqeqeshwa," khona-ke ochwepheshe abakuphrofayela efanayo bangcono ukukhetha indlela ehlukile yokujulisa ulwazi lwabo.
Kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokubhalisa ohlelweni lwenkosi olungekho ensimini yakho, ngizokunikeza izeluleko zokuzilungiselela.
- Qala ukulungiselela cishe unyaka kusengaphambili, okungenani ekwindla edlule. Thatha uhlelo lwethikithi lokuhlolwa kokungena bese uqala ukuhlela amathikithi. Uma okukhethekile kwakho kuhluke kakhulu kweyakho (isazi sezomnotho saba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, umhleli waba unjiniyela), zilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi uzobhekana nobunzima obuthile ngezifundo. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuwanqoba.
- Buza imibuzo ngezinkundla zetimu, amawebhusayithi, kanye namaqembu. Kungcono nakakhulu uma uthola umuntu onolwazi olukhethekile olukhethile futhi umbuze mayelana "nezimfihlo zomsebenzi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo."
- Lungiselela emithonjeni eminingana, sebenzela ekulungiseleleni cishe nsuku zonke, phinda izinto.
- Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokungenela izivivinyo, zibeke njengochwepheshe onentshisekelo yokufunda, futhi ongafuni ucezu lwephepha noma umaki. Lokhu kwenza umbono omuhle futhi bushelelezi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngempendulo (uma lokhu kungesona isivivinyo noma ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe).
- Ungethuki - lokhu akusesona isibopho noma umsebenzi kubazali bakho, kuyisifiso sakho nje, ukukhetha kwakho. Akekho oyokwahlulela ngokuhluleka.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokufunda, funda ngokwethembeka nangobuqotho - emva kwakho konke, ohlelweni lwe-master uzifundela wena.
▍Izifundo ze-Postgraduate
Inketho yakudala kakhulu yokuqhubeka nemfundo ephakeme yabafundi abanesifiso sokuvelela abalungele ukwenza umnikelo wabo kwisayensi. Ukuze ungene esikoleni esiphakeme, kufanele uphumelele izivivinyo ezintathu: ulimi lwakwelinye izwe, ifilosofi nomlando wesayensi, kanye nesifundo esiwumongo emsebenzini wakho okhethekile. Isifundo sesikhathi esigcwele se-postgraduate sithatha iminyaka emi-3, isifundo sesikhashana sithatha iminyaka emi-4. Esikoleni esigcwele isabelomali seziqu zesabelomali, umfundi oneziqu uthola isibonelelo (isamba sonyaka 13 = 12 ovamile + umxhaso owodwa “wezincwadi”). Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, umfundi oneziqu wenza izinto ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo:
- ulungiselela olwakhe ucwaningo lwesayensi oluzimele (i-dissertation) lweziqu zezemfundo Zomfundi Wesayensi;
- uqedela umkhuba wokufundisa oyisibopho (okhokhelwayo);
- usebenza nomphathi, imithombo, inhlangano eholayo, njll., ubhala imibiko ngamafomu akhethekile;
- ukhuluma ezingqungqutheleni nakuma-symposium;
- iqoqa okushicilelwe kwe-HAC kumajenali agunyaziwe akhethekile;
- uphasa izivivinyo ezintathu zamakhandidethi (okufanayo nangesikhathi sokwamukelwa, kuphela ngezinga eliphezulu lokulungiselela ithiyori nolwazi lwesayensi + ukuhunyushwa kwezincwadi zesayensi).
Lapho eqeda isikole (okuhlanganisa kusenesikhathi noma enwetshiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile), umfundi othweswe iziqu uvikela (noma akawuvikeli) ithisisi yalowo okhethiwe futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile athole isitifiketi esifiselekayo Somuntu Okhethiwe WezeSayensi, futhi lapho ezuza impumelelo edingekayo ekufundiseni nasekufundiseni ukuthuthukisa izinsiza-kufundisa, futhi isihloko sikaprofesa osebenza naye .
Akuyona isicefe? Futhi iphunga elifana nelezincwadi ezindala, indwangu yomtapo wolwazi kanye ne-glue yezimvilophu zangokwezifiso. Kodwa konke kuyashintsha uma kufika - ibutho! Kusukela ekubeni yindawo yalabo abasebenza kanzima, isikole seziqu siphenduka isihloko sokuncintisana okushubile kwabafana abangafuni ukukhonza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nakanjani badinga isikole esigcwele iziqu, futhi kunezindawo ezimbalwa ngokukhohlisa kuzo kunoma yimuphi umnyango. Uma wengeza i-cronyism encane, ingxenye yenkohlakalo, uzwela oluvela kukhomishana, khona-ke amathuba ayancibilika...
Eqinisweni, kunezeluleko ezithile zalabo abafaka izicelo zokuphothula isikole nganoma iyiphi injongo.
- Lungiselela kusengaphambili, ngokushesha kuba ngcono. Bhala izindatshana zamaqoqo esayensi yabafundi, ubambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yocwaningo, ukhulume ezingqungqutheleni, njll. Kufanele ubonakale emphakathini wesayensi wenyuvesi.
- Khetha umnyango wakho, okukhethekile kanye nesihloko esincane ukuze usithuthukise emsebenzini wezifundo, umsebenzi wocwaningo, idiploma, bese kuba dissertation. Iqiniso liwukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi inyuvesi, umnyango kanye nomphathi wakho babe nezivikelo eziphumelelayo, futhi umfundi onendlela engathi sína kangako uyisiqinisekiso sesinye isivikelo esiphumelelayo, futhi, zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, bazokhetha wena. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko, esibaluleke kakhulu - kholwa noma ungakholwa, kodwa sibaluleke kakhulu kunemali nokuxhumana.
- Ungalibali ukulungiselela izivivinyo zokungena - bazokuthola ngokushesha ngemuva kwediploma yakho, futhi lokhu akulungile kakhulu. Yize ukudlula kwabo kulula kakhulu: ikhomishini ijwayelekile, izivivinyo zombuso zisezintsha ekhanda lakho, ungathatha ulimi lwangaphandle olukhuluma kangcono (ngokwesibonelo, ngathatha isiFulentshi - futhi eduze kwesixuku sika-“C” “ IsiNgisi” bekuyi-jackpot. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza nabafundi abaneziqu, ngiyazi ukuthi abaningi baqala ukufunda olunye ulimi eminyakeni emi-2 ngaphambi kokwamukelwa ukuze bathole amaphuzu engeziwe).
Ukufunda esikoleni esineziqu kucishe kufane nokwasenyuvesi: izinkulumo zezikhathi ezithile (kufanele zijule, kodwa zincike kokuhlangenwe nakho nonembeza kathisha), izingxoxo zezingcezu ze-dissertation nomphathi, ukufundisa, njll. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ungekho emsebenzini nempilo yomuntu siqu, kodwa ngokomthetho kuyabekezeleleka; uma kuqhathaniswa nenyuvesi yesikhathi esigcwele, ngokuvamile kuyipharadesi.
Ake sishiye isihloko sokubhala dissertation ngaphandle kwe-equation - lezi ezinye izikhala ezintathu ezihlukene. .
Ukuthi uzivikele noma cha kuyisinqumo sakho ngokuphelele. Nazi okuhle nokubi.
Izinzuzo:
- Lokhu kuhlonishwa futhi kusho okuningi ngawe njengomuntu: ukubekezela, ikhono lokufinyelela imigomo, ikhono lokufunda, amakhono okuhlaziya kanye nokuhlanganisa. Abaqashi bayakwazisa lokhu, njengoba kuye kwaphawulwa izikhathi eziningi.
- Lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo uma unquma ukuthatha ukufundisa esikhathini esizayo noma samanje.
- I-PhD isivele iyingxenye yesayensi, futhi uma kunesidingo, indawo yesayensi izokwamukela ngokuzithandela.
- Lokhu kukhulisa kakhulu ukuzethemba nokuzethemba kuwe njengochwepheshe.
Umthengi:
- I-dissertation yinde futhi uzochitha isikhathi esiningi kukho.
- Umholo owengeziwe weziqu zesayensi unikezwa kuphela emanyuvesi nakwezinye izikhungo zikahulumeni. izinkampani neziphathimandla. Njengomthetho, endaweni yezohwebo, ukhetho lwesayensi luyathandwa, kepha ukutuswa akwenziwa imali.
- Ukuvikela kuwumsebenzi we-bureaucracy: kuzodingeka uhlanganyele nenhlangano eholayo esebenzayo (lona kungaba umqashi wakho), nenhlangano ehamba phambili yesayensi, namajenali, ukushicilela, abaphikisi, njll.
- Ukuvikela i-dissertation kuyabiza. Uma usebenza enyuvesi, ungathola usizo lwezezimali futhi ukhokhele izindleko kancane, ngaphandle kwalokho zonke izindleko ziwela phezu kwakho: kusukela ezindlekweni zakho zokuhamba, ukuphrinta nezokuposa kuye kumathikithi nezipho eziya kwabamelene nawe. Awu, idili. Ngo-2010, ngathola ama-ruble angu-250, kodwa ekugcineni i-dissertation ayizange iqedwe futhi ilethwe ekuvikelweni - imali ebhizinisini yaba mnandi kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi wawunzima kakhulu (uma kukhona, ngiphenduka kancane).
Ngokuvamile, embuzweni wokuthi kuwufanele yini ukuvikela, ngizophendula kusukela ekuphakameni kokuhlangenwe nakho ngale ndlela: "Uma unesikhathi, imali nobuchopho - yebo, kuwufanele. Khona-ke izoba nobuvila futhi ivilapha, nakuba ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo kuzoba lula ngandlela-thile.”
Okubalulekile: uma uvikela ukuzivikela kwakho ngokuqondile ngoba unokuthile ongakusho kwisayensi futhi ungenawo umgomo wokuthola indawo eyunivesithi noma ukuthola umfundaze we-postgraduate, ungafaka isicelo kumfakisicelo - leli fomu lemfundo ye-postgraduate lishibhile. kunesikole esineziqu ezikhokhelwayo, akunqunyelwe yizinsuku zokugcina eziqinile futhi akudingi ukuhlolwa kokungena.
▍Imfundo ephakeme yesibili
Omunye wabaqashi bami wathi esikhathini sethu kuyichilo nje ukungabi namfundo ephakeme emibili. Ngempela, ngokushesha noma kamuva kuza kithi kanye nesidingo sokushintsha okukhethekile, ukukhula komsebenzi, iholo, noma ngenxa yesithukuthezi nje.
Ake sichaze itheminoloji: imfundo ephakeme yesibili iyimfundo eholela ekwakhekeni kochwepheshe omusha onolwazi oluthile lwethiyori kanye namakhono okusebenza, futhi ubufakazi bayo idiploma yemfundo ephakeme ekhishwe nguhulumeni. Okusho ukuthi, lena indlela yakudala: kusuka ezifundweni ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6, amaseshini, izivivinyo, izivivinyo zombuso kanye nokuvikela idiploma.
Namuhla, imfundo yesibili ephakeme ingatholakala ngezindlela eziningana (kuye ngokuthi okukhethekile kanye nenyuvesi).
- Ngemva kwemfundo ephakeme yokuqala, ngena futhi ufunde ngokugcwele okukhethekile okusha ngokugcwele, isikhathi esithile, kusihlwa noma itoho. Ngokuvamile, ukukhetha okunjalo kwenzeka lapho kukhona ushintsho olukhulu ekukhetheni: Ngangingusomnotho futhi nganquma ukuba yinduna; wayengudokotela, eqeqeshelwe ukuba ngummeli; wayengusosayensi wokwakheka komhlaba, waba isazi sezinto eziphilayo.
- Funda kusihlwa noma itoho ngokuhambisana nemfundo yakho yokuqala ephakeme. Amanyuvesi amaningi manje anikeza leli thuba ngemva konyaka wokuqala futhi aze anikeze nokwamukelwa okukhethekile uma isilinganiso samaphuzu siphezulu kunezinga elisungulwe inyuvesi. Ufunda okukhethekile kwakho okuyinhloko futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uthole idiploma yezomthetho, ezomnotho, njll., ngokuvamile - umhumushi. Ukukhuluma iqiniso, lokhu akucindezeli kakhulu - njengomthetho, izikhathi azihlanganisi, kodwa kunesikhathi esincane sokuphumula.
- Ngemuva kwemfundo ephakeme yesibili, funda ngohlelo olufushanisiwe (iminyaka emi-3) emkhakheni ohlobene noma kokunye okukhethekile ngezivivinyo ezengeziwe (ngesivumelwano nenyuvesi).
Indlela elula yokuthola imfundo yesibili isenyuvesi yakho: othisha abajwayelekile, ukudluliswa kalula kwezifundo, izindlela zokukhokha izitolimende ezivame ukutholakala kalula zokufunda, ingqalasizinda evamile, isimo esijwayelekile, ofunda nabo eqenjini (njengomthetho, kukhona amaningana abafundi abanjalo ngokusakaza ngakunye). Kodwa ukuqeqeshwa enyuvesi yakho okubonakala kungasebenzi kakhulu mayelana nokukhula kolwazi namakhono, ngoba kwenzeka nge-inertia nokuningi ngenxa yokuthi "wonke umuntu wagijima, futhi ngagijima."
Nokho, izisusa zihlukile, futhi kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa ukuthi yini eshukumisa labo abafaka isicelo semfundo yesibili ephakeme nokuthi izinga lemfundo yabo lihlobene kanjani nalokhu, ukuthi umzamo osetshenzisiwe kanye nezinzwa zikhokha kangakanani.
- Kahle kahle okukhethekile okuncikene nenhloko yakho. Kulokhu, wandisa ama-horizons akho ochwepheshe, uguquguquke futhi ube namathuba amaningi emisebenzi (ngokwesibonelo, isazi sezomnotho + ummeli, umhleli + wezinhlelo, umhumushi + uchwepheshe we-PR). Kulula kakhulu ukufunda; ukuphambana kweziyalo kugcinwa ekhanda lakho. Imfundo enjalo ikhokha ngokushesha ngenxa yesidingo samakhono engeziwe.
- Funda okukhethekile okusha “kwakho.” Mhlawumbe okuthile akuzange kusebenze ngemfundo yakho yokuqala futhi, ngemva kokuthola imali, wanquma ukwenza iphupho lakho lifezekile - ukuphothula enyuvesi oyifunayo. Kuyisimo sokuhlanya: ukulungiselela izivivinyo, ukubhalisa, futhi manje njengomuntu omdala uzofunda futhi, uthatha izifundo zakho ngokungathí sina 100%. Izifundo ezinjalo azinayo inhloso ngaphandle kokufeza isifiso, futhi zingase zibuyisele emuva: isibonelo, kuzodingeka uqhudelane emakethe yezemisebenzi nabathweswe iziqu abasha, ukhulise umsebenzi wakho futhi, uthole iholo lokuqala, njll. Futhi, cishe, ngeke ukwazi ukumelana nomthwalo futhi uzoyeka noma ulahlekelwe ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwakho (imvamisa okungowakho). Ukufunda ngaphandle komgomo kubi kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ngesihloko futhi ufundele ukuzijabulisa.
- Funda okukhethekile okusha komsebenzi. Konke lapha kusobala: uyazi ukuthi ufundani futhi cishe uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzozibuyisela izindleko (futhi ngezinye izikhathi umqashi uqala ngokukhokhela ukuqeqeshwa). Ngendlela, kuye kwaphawulwa: uma kuwumsebenzi hhayi ukutadisha okuphoqelekile, ulwazi lutholakala ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana. Okuhle, ugqozi olufanele lwenza ubuchopho busebenze :)
- Funda ulimi lwangaphandle. Kodwa leli akulona ikheli elilungile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe futhi ufunde ngokugcwele kusukela kwinsimbi kuya kwinsimbi, noma kungcono ukuthola ezinye izindlela zokutadisha ulimi, uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi emfundweni ephakeme yesibili uzoba nezifundo ezifana nezilimi, inkolelo evamile ye izilimi, stylistics, njll. Emakilasini okubhalelana kusihlwa nakusihlwa, lokhu kuwumthwalo ongenamsebenzi ngokuphelele.
Into eyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lokuthola imfundo ephakeme yesibili ukuzivumela ukuthi ufunde njengoba wenzile ekuqaleni: ukweqa, ukuminya ngobusuku bokugcina, ukuziba ukuzifundela, njll. Phela, lena imfundo yomuntu onolwazi ngezinhloso ezinengqondo ngokuphelele. Utshalomali kumele lusebenze ngempumelelo.
▍Imfundo eyengeziwe
Ngokungafani nemfundo ephakeme yesibili, lena imfundo yesikhathi esifushane ehloselwe ukukhulisa amakhono noma ukuthola okukhethekile okusha ngaphakathi kwaleyo ekhona. Lapho uthola imfundo eyengeziwe, ezimweni eziningi ngeke uhlangabezane nebhulogi yemfundo evamile yesiyalo (futhi ngeke uyikhokhele), futhi ulwazi ezifundweni nasezifundweni lugxile kakhulu. Othisha bahlukene, kuye ngenhlanhla yakho: bangaba yilabo abavela emanyuvesi, noma bangaba ongoti bangempela abaziyo ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwethula ithiyori ukuze nakanjani ibe wusizo kuwe.
Zimbili izindlela zokuthola imfundo eyengeziwe.
Izifundo zokuqeqesha ezithuthukile (ukuqeqeshwa, amasemina lapha) - uhlobo olufushane kakhulu lwemfundo eyengeziwe, kusukela emahoreni ayi-16. Inhloso yezifundo ilula ngangokunokwenzeka - ukwandisa ulwazi kodaba oluthile oluncane ukuze umfundi eze ehhovisi futhi alusebenzise ekusebenzeni. Isibonelo, ukuqeqeshwa kwe-CRM kuzosiza umdayisi ukuthi adayise ngokuphumelelayo, futhi isifundo se-prototyping sizosiza umhlaziyi wehhovisi noma umphathi wephrojekthi enze ama-prototypes athuthukile kozakwabo, kunokuba abhale ebhodini elimhlophe.
Njengomthetho, lena yindlela enhle yokuthola ulwazi oluningi, olukhiqizwe ezincwadini ezingamakhulu nezinsiza kuwe, uthuthukise amakhono akho, futhi uhlele ulwazi lwakho olukhona. Ngaphambi nje kokuqeqeshwa, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda izibuyekezo futhi ugweme abaqeqeshi abanyuswe ngokweqile nabacasulayo nezikhungo (ngeke sizisho ngamagama, sicabanga ukuthi uyazazi lezi zinkampani ngokwakho).
Ngendlela, izifundo ezithuthukisiwe zokuqeqesha zingenye yezindlela ezingezona ezijwayelekile zokwakha iqembu, ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana, indawo entsha kanye nezinzuzo. Kungcono kakhulu kune-bowling noma ukuphuza ubhiya ndawonye.
Ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kochwepheshe - Ukuqeqeshwa isikhathi eside kwamahora angama-250, lapho okukhethekile kujule kakhulu noma izinguquko zayo ze-vector. Isibonelo, isifundo eside sePython siwukuqeqeshwa kabusha kochwepheshe kumhleli, futhi izifundo Zokuthuthukiswa Kwesoftware ngekanjiniyela.
Njengomthetho, inhlolokhono yesingeniso iyadingeka ukuze inkambo yokuqeqeshwa kabusha inqume izinga lokuqeqeshwa kanye namakhono ayisisekelo ochwepheshe, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi wonke umuntu ubhalisiwe (ngemuva kwamakilasi angu-2-3, okungeziwe zisazoqedwa). Uma kungenjalo, izifundo zifana ncamashi neminyaka ephakeme yaseyunivesithi: ubuchwepheshe, izivivinyo, izivivinyo, futhi ngokuvamile i-thesis yokugcina nokuzivikela kwayo. Abafundi bezifundo ezinjalo bakhuthazwa, odokotela abakulungele, kuyathakazelisa ukutadisha nokuxhumana, umoya wentando yeningi, uthisha uyatholakala ukuze abuze imibuzo nezingxoxo. Uma kunezinkinga, zingaxazululwa njalo nge-methodologist yezifundo - emva kwakho konke, lokhu kuyimfundo yemali yakho, ngokuvamile eningi kakhulu.
Ngendlela, njengoba ulwazi lubonisa, emanyuvesi amaningi izifundo ezingaphumelelanga kakhulu zokuqeqesha kabusha isiNgisi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ifundiswa othisha basenyuvesi, baphatha indaba ngokupholile, futhi empeleni uvele wenze izivivinyo ezivela encwadini kanye nencwadi yokusebenza. Mayelana nalokhu, isikole solimi esikhethwe kahle esinomkhuba wokuxhumana bukhoma singcono kakhulu, kwangathi i-Faculty of Education and Training ehlonishwayo yamanyuvesi aseRussia angixolele.
Imfundo eqhubekayo iyindlela enhle yokubhekana nezikhala zamakhono, ukuzama okuthile okusha, ukuzama ukushintsha imisebenzi, noma ukumane uzithole ukuzethemba. Kodwa futhi, funda ukubuyekezwa, khetha amanyuvesi kahulumeni, hhayi "amanyuvesi alo lonke elaseRussia kanye ne-Universe" ehlukahlukene.
Ngale kobubanzi balesi sihloko kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zemfundo eyengeziwe okungezona ezalezo “zakudala”: ukuqeqeshwa enyuvesi yebhizinisi, izikole zolimi (okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi), izikole ezihlela izinhlelo (okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi), ukuqeqeshwa ku-inthanethi - noma yini. Nakanjani sizobuyela kubo ezingxenyeni 4 no-5, ngoba... kakade zihlobene kakhulu nomsebenzi kunemfundo ephakeme eyisisekelo yochwepheshe.
Ngokuvamile, ukufunda kuhlale kuwusizo, kodwa ngiyakunxusa ukuba ukhethe futhi uqonde ngokucacile ukuthi yini ngempela ekushukumisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufaneleka yini ukuchitha isikhathi nemali ngenxa yephepha elengeziwe noma ukufezeka kwezifiso zangaphakathi.
Sitshele emazwaneni ukuthi zingaki izifundo eziphakeme nezingeziwe onazo, uneziqu zesayensi, isiphi isipiliyoni esiphumelele futhi yini esingaphumelelanga kangako?
▍Imibhalo yokubhala ehahayo
Futhi uma usukhulile kakade futhi untula okuthile kokuthuthukiswa, isibonelo, onamandla amahle , Iya ku - Sinezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo.
Source: www.habr.com
