IMozilla isimemezele inhloso yayo yokuqala ukungena ku-HTTP/3 kanye ne-QUIC ngokukhishwa kweFirefox 88, okuhlelelwe u-April 19 (ekuqaleni bekulindeleke ukuthi ikhishwe ngo-Ephreli 20, kodwa uma kubhekwa uhlelo, izohlehliswa ngosuku olulodwa). Ukusekelwa kwe-HTTP/3 kuzonikwa amandla kumaphesenti amancane kuphela abasebenzisi ekuqaleni futhi, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingalindelekile, kuzokwethulwa kuwo wonke umuntu ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ezinguqulweni zokwakha zasebusuku neze-beta, i-HTTP/3 inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo ekupheleni kukaMashi.
Masikhumbule ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-HTTP/3 kuFirefox kusekelwe kuphrojekthi ye-neqo eyakhiwe yi-Mozilla, ehlinzeka ngeklayenti nokusetshenziswa kweseva kuphrothokholi ye-QUIC. Ikhodi yengxenye ye-HTTP/3 nosekelo lwe-QUIC ibhalwe ngokuthi Rust. Ukulawula ukuthi i-HTTP/3 ivuliwe yini, okuthi:config kunikeza inketho ethi "network.http.http3.enabled". Kusuka kusofthiwe yeklayenti, ukusekelwa kokuhlola kwe-HTTP/3 nakho kwengezwe ku-Chrome naku-curl, futhi kumaseva kuyatholakala nge-nginx, kanye nangesimo semojula ye-nginx kanye neseva yokuhlola evela ku-Cloudflare. Ngasohlangothini lwewebhusayithi, ukwesekwa kwe-HTTP/3 sekuvele kuhlinzekiwe kumaseva e-Google ne-Facebook.
Iphrothokholi ye-HTTP/3 isesigabeni sokucaciswa okusalungiswa futhi ayikamiswa ifane ngokugcwele yi-IETF. I-HTTP/3 idinga ukusekelwa kweklayenti neseva yenguqulo efanayo yezinga lokusalungiswa le-QUIC kanye ne-HTTP/3, ecaciswe kusihloko se-Alt-Svc (i-Firefox isekela okusalungiswa okucacisiwe 27 ukuya ku-32).
I-HTTP/3 ichaza ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-QUIC njengendlela yokuthutha ye-HTTP/2. Iphrothokholi ye-QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) yathuthukiswa yi-Google kusukela ngo-2013 njengenye indlela yenhlanganisela ye-TCP+TLS yeWebhu, ixazulula izinkinga zokusetha okude kanye nezikhathi zokuxoxisana zokuxhumeka ku-TCP futhi isusa ukubambezeleka lapho amaphakethe elahleka ngesikhathi sedatha. ukudlulisa. I-QUIC iyisandiso sephrothokholi ye-UDP esekela ukuphindwaphindwa kokuxhumana okuningi futhi inikeza izindlela zokubethela ezilingana ne-TLS/SSL. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga le-IETF, kwenziwa izinguquko kuphrothokholi, okuholele ekuveleni kwamagatsha amabili afanayo, elilodwa le-HTTP/3, kanti elesibili lisekelwa i-Google (i-Chrome isekela zombili izinketho).
Izici ezibalulekile ze-QUIC:
- Ukuvikeleka okuphezulu okufana ne-TLS (empeleni i-QUIC inikeza ikhono lokusebenzisa i-TLS phezu kwe-UDP);
- Ukulawula ubuqotho bokugeleza, ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwephakethe;
- Ikhono lokusungula ngokushesha uxhumano (0-RTT, cishe ku-75% wedatha yamacala ingadluliselwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuthumela iphakethe lokusetha uxhumano) futhi inikeze ukubambezeleka okuncane phakathi kokuthumela isicelo nokuthola impendulo (i-RTT, Isikhathi Sohambo Olujikelezayo);
- Ukusebenzisa inombolo ehlukile yokulandelana lapho uthumela kabusha iphakethe, okugwema ukungaqondakali ekukhombeni amaphakethe atholiwe futhi kususe ukuphela kwesikhathi;
- Ukulahleka kwephakethe kuthinta kuphela ukulethwa kokusakaza okuhlotshaniswa nayo futhi akuvimbi ukulethwa kwedatha emifudlaneni ehambisanayo edluliselwa ngoxhumo lwamanje;
- Izici zokulungiswa kwephutha ezinciphisa ukubambezeleka ngenxa yokudluliselwa kabusha kwamaphakethe alahlekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhodi akhethekile okulungisa amaphutha ezingeni lephakethe ukunciphisa izimo ezidinga ukudluliswa kabusha kwedatha yephakethe elahlekile.
- Imingcele ye-Cryptographic block iqondaniswe nemingcele yephakethe ye-QUIC, enciphisa umthelela wokulahlekelwa kwephakethe ekuhlukaniseni okuqukethwe kwamaphakethe alandelayo;
- Azikho izinkinga ngokuvinjwa komugqa we-TCP;
- Ukusekela okokuhlonza uxhumano, okunciphisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhuma kabusha kwamaklayenti eselula;
- Amathuba okuxhuma izindlela zokulawula ukuminyana okuthuthukile;
- Isebenzisa amasu okubikezela kokuphuma kokuqondisa ngakunye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphakethe athunyelwa ngezilinganiso ezifanele, ukuwavimbela ekubeni aminyene futhi abangele ukulahleka kwephakethe;
- Ukwenyuka okukhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuphumeni komsebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-TCP. Ezinsizeni zevidiyo ezifana ne-YouTube, i-QUIC ikhonjiswe ukuthi yehlisa ukusebenza kokulungisa iphutha lapho ubuka amavidiyo ngo-30%.
Source: opennet.ru