Maphakathi nawo-1980, i-USSR ayizange idlale i-perestroika kuphela futhi iguqule i-Simca 1307 ibe yi-Moskvich-2141, kodwa futhi yazama ukubikezela ikusasa lomthengi ovamile. Kwakunzima impela, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokushoda ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi baseSoviet bakwazi ukubikezela ukuvela kwama-laptops, ama-smartphone, izibuko ezihlakaniphile kanye nama-headphone angenantambo.
Kuyahlekisa ukuthi nangaleso sikhathi, eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, izici ze-elekthronikhi ezigqokwayo zazicatshangelwe kahle:
"Izixazululo ezingalindelekile kakhulu zingenzeka lapha: isibonelo, izibuko zelanga ezithi, ngokomyalelo womsebenzisi, ziphenduke zibe isibonisi esibonisa isikhathi noma olunye ulwazi oludingekayo (izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa lomzimba noma umoya ozungezile)."
Sikhuluma ngephrojekthi ezelwe emathunjini e-All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE). Ngokubhukha okuthile, le phrojekthi ingabizwa ngokuthi “i-smart home” system. Isikhungo sithole ukuhlehla okuyinhloko kwayo yonke imishini yasendlini - ukuntuleka kwesistimu eyodwa engahlanganisa i-TV, i-tape recorder, i-VCR, ikhompuyutha, iphrinta, nezipikha. Futhi baphakamisa ikhambi lale nkinga kumagazini “"ngoSepthemba 1987.
Ngakho-ke, jwayelana. Nansi i-Superfunctional Integrated Communication System - SPHINX, eyakhiwe ngu-Igor Lysenko, u-Alexey noMaria Kolotushkin, uMarina Mikheeva, u-Elena Ruzova ngaphansi kobuholi bukaDmitry Azrikan. Abathuthukisi bachaze le phrojekthi njengesinye sezixazululo ezingaba khona zokuklama umabonakude wasekhaya nomsakazo ngo-2000. Kwakungeyona iphrojekthi yento engako njengephrojekthi yomgomo wokuxhumana phakathi kwabathengi nemithombo yolwazi.
Cishe wonke amadivayisi kulula ukuwabona, akunjalo?
Umbono ubonakala ulula futhi unengqondo. I-SPHINX bekufanele ihlanganise wonke amadivaysi okufaka nokukhiphayo ngeprosesa evamile, ebuye isebenze njengendawo yokugcina idatha kanye nezindlela zokuyithola nokuyidlulisela ngaphandle. Ulwazi olutholwe iphrosesa lwasatshalaliswa ezikrinini, amakholomu namanye amabhulokhi. Ukuze la mabhulokhi abekwe endaweni yonke (ngokwesibonelo, imuvi enengoma yomsindo iboniswa esikrinini ekamelweni elilodwa, umdlalo wevidiyo kwelinye, ikhompyutha enezabelo zomsebenzi isetshenziswa ehhovisi, kanye ne-audiobook. ifundwa ekhishini), kwahlongozwa ukuthi ifakwe efulethini (mhlawumbe ngisho nangesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendlu) okuthiwa "amabhasi". Okusho ukuthi, ezinye izintambo zomhlaba wonke ezinganika amandla ama-electronics futhi ziwalawule ngephrosesa.
Icaphuna esihlokweni:
“I-SPHINX iyithuluzi le-radio-electronic lekhaya lekusasa. Wonke umsebenzi wokwamukela, ukurekhoda, ukugcina nokusabalalisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi wenziwa iphrosesa yefulethi eliphakathi elinedivayisi yokugcina indawo yonke. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lunikeza isizathu sethemba lokuvela komthwali onjalo wendawo yonke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Izothatha indawo yamarekhodi (owokuqala) wamagramafoni, amakhasethi alalelwayo nawevidiyo, ama-CD amanje, izithombe nama-slides (amafreyimu asekhona), imibhalo ephrintiwe, njll.”
Kwesokunxele - iyunithi ene-central processor SPHINX. Lawa "amacembe" axakile emsileni ayimidiya yokugcina, ama-SSD anamuhla, ama-HDD, ama-flash drive, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-CD. E-USSR babeqiniseka ukuthi okokuqala umthwali wedatha yendawo yonke uzoba idiski, bese kuba yi-crystalline, ngaphandle kwezindlela ezihambayo kumadivayisi okufunda.
Phakathi — izinketho ezimbili zephaneli yokulawula enkulu. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyazwela ukuthinta futhi kunesilawulikude esingeziwe esibanjwa ngesandla esingemuva. Okumhlophe - inzwa-mbumbulu, endaweni yokuphumula - isamukeli socingo. Ingaxhunywa kusikrini sesitayela sethebhulethi ukuze udale okuthile okusikhumbuza ikhompuyutha ephathekayo yesimanjemanje. Kwesokudla sekhibhodi kukhona izinkinobho ezithi “ngaphezulu - kancane” zokulungisa noma yimaphi amapharamitha.
Kwesokudla — isilawuli kude esibanjwa ngesandla esincane nesibonisi esidokhiwe. Ukuhlelwa kwe-diagonal yezinkinobho, njengoba kwakucatshangelwa ngaleso sikhathi, kwakulula kakhulu ukusebenza ngesilawuli kude. Ukhiye ngamunye bekufanele ukhanyiselwe emuva, futhi uma kunesidingo, impendulo ezwakalayo ekucindezeleni ingase isebenze.
Qaphela ukuthi amadivayisi we-SPHINX ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Okugqokwayo
- Okuhlobene nezindlu
- Okuhlobene nezokuthutha
Kulula ukubona "amasongo ahlakaniphile" namawashi, "i-smart home" namakhompyutha asebhodini emoto.
Yini ongayenza ngosizo lwe-SPHINX? Yebo, into efanayo esiyenzayo namuhla: buka i-TV namamuvi avela kulabhulali yemidiya, lalela umculo, thola idatha yesimo sezulu, yenza amakholi wevidiyo.
“Lapha umuntu angabuka amafilimu, izinhlelo ze-video, izinhlelo ze-TV, imisebenzi yobuciko, ezinye izithombe nezingoma, adlale imidlalo ye-computer ehlangene, nezingcezwana ze-albhamu yomndeni nazo zingaboniswa lapha. Umndeni ungahlela ama-teleconferences anobungane noma imihlangano yebhizinisi. Ulwazi olwengeziwe (isikhathi, isimo sezulu, ulwazi, amanye amashaneli, njll.) lungathulwa kuhlaka olufakiwe,”
- baphupha e-USSR.
Kokubili ukuxhumana okunezintambo nokungenantambo kwamanye amadivaysi kwahlinzekwa. Onjiniyela babeqiniseka ukuthi iphrosesa izokwazi ukuthola ulwazi futhi iludlulisele kwamanye amadivaysi asendlini ngesignali yomsakazo (isibonelo se-Wi-Fi). Iphrosesa emaphakathi kwakudingeka iqukathe iyunithi eguqula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamasiginali zibe ifomu ledijithali.
Iphrosesa ngokwayo isebenze kuphela njengendlela yokusabalalisa imisebenzi kwamanye amadivaysi. Ngakho-ke, kwakungadingeki ukuba igcinwe endaweni ebonakalayo. Yiqiniso, uma ucindezela idivayisi endaweni ethile kude, kuyoba nzima ukufaka "amacembe" kuwo - abagcini bolwazi. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi idiski ngayinye enjalo yayinesibopho sokungcebeleka noma umthwalo womsebenzi welungu lomndeni elilodwa. Okusho ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, amamuvi nemidlalo irekhodwa kolunye uhlelo, umculo nezinhlelo zemfundo kwenye, izinhlelo zebhizinisi nezokudala kweyesithathu, njll.
Iphrosesa emaphakathi bekufanele idlulisele okuqukethwe okudingekayo kusibonisi.
“I-SPHINX ikuvumela ukuthi uqale ukuhlomisa ifulethi nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi owodwa odingekayo. Inani lamadivayisi alikhuli ngokulingana ngqo nenani labasebenzisi nemisebenzi, kodwa kunalokho kancane. ”
- Eqinisweni, lo umbono we-smartphone. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izinhlelo zokusebenza (imisebenzi) ozifakile, usayizi wedivayisi awushintshi. Ngaphandle uma kufanele ufake imemori khadi enkudlwana.
Uhlelo lwabheka , kodwa wonke amakhono e-SPHINX, njengesistimu ngokwayo, ngaleso sikhathi ayebukeka emuhle kuphela emakhasini omagazini. Ukudala isakhiwo esisebenzisekayo, ingasaphathwa eyokusebenzisa umqondo, kwakungaphandle kombuzo. ISoviet Union yayisondela ngokushesha esigabeni sokugcina sokuwa, namakhuphoni kashukela, insipho nenyama, ngezingxabano zobuzwe ezikhulayo kanye nobumpofu bezakhamuzi. Ubani owayenesithakazelo emicabangweni yabaklami nonjiniyela abathile?
Bese kuthiwani?
Ngokuqondene ne-VNIITE, akukho okuthakazelisayo okwenzeka lapho kuze kube maphakathi nawo-2000s. Umbuso ushintshile, futhi uma ngaphambili cishe yonke imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa e-USSR yadlula i-VNIITE, manje kwakungenjalo. Lesi sikhungo saba mpofu, salahlekelwa amagatsha kwamanye amadolobha nabasebenzi abaningi, futhi savala isikhungo sokuklama ePushkinskaya Square. Abasebenzi babesebenza ngokuyinhloko emsebenzini wesayensi cishe ngendlela efanayo neyama-80s.
Nokho, maphakathi nawo-2013 isimo sashintsha. Kwafika abantu abasha, kwavela imibono emisha. Futhi ngo-461, isikhungo sokucwaninga sahlanganiswa ne-RTU MIREA University ngomyalo woMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi YeRussian Federation yangoNombolo 2014. Imisebenzi yayo ayizange iphele lapho. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kusukela ngo-XNUMX, uSuku Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuklama Kwezimboni luye lwabanjwa (kuhlanganise nensimu yaseSkolkovo). Ilabhorethri ye-ergonomic yethulwa futhi, umnyango wethiyori kanye nendlela yokusebenza kanye nomnyango wokuklama waqalwa kabusha, kwavela imisebenzi kahulumeni kanye nemiklamo yezemfundo. Phakathi kwamaphrojekthi alindelwe kakhulu, sigqamisa i- "Ergonomic Atlas". Kungani ibalulekile? USergey Moiseev, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sikhungo, uthi:
"Kusukela ngo-1971, izinkomba ze-anthropometric azikalwa ezweni lethu, futhi imingcele yazo yomzimba iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-atlas isivele isesigabeni sokugcina somsebenzi futhi izokhishwa maduze. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile, ngoba manje eRussia izindinganiso zokugqoka, izindinganiso zokuvikela abasebenzi, izindinganiso zendawo yokusebenza - konke lokhu kuhambisana nezilinganiso zango-1971.
Ngokuqondene nenhloko yephrojekthi ye-SPHINX, uDmitry Azrikan, wathuthela e-USA, lapho aba khona umqondisi wokuklama we-International Promotion Inc. E-Chicago, futhi yathola izitifiketi ezingaphezu kwekhulu zemiklamo yezimboni kanye namalungelo obunikazi eRussia nase-USA. Futhi uhlelo lokuqeqesha abaklami alwenzile e-Western Michigan University (USA) lwagunyazwa futhi wathola isitifiketi seNASAD (National Association of Schools of Art and Design).
Dmitry, ngendlela, waphothula umbono wakhe. Ngo-1990, umqondo wakhe wethulwa eSpain.» . Futhi embukisweni ngo-1992 eJapane, ukunqwabelana kwemizwelo kwabangelwa umqondo wekusasa elithi “".
Yini enye ezithakazelisayo ongayifunda kubhulogi?
→
→
→
→
→
Source: www.habr.com