Okwayizolo kusukela ikhiqize igagasi lezingxoxo, futhi ngithanda ukukhuluma kancane ngokuthi kungani ungayeki ezingeni Eliphakathi nokuthi ungakunqoba kanjani ulimi "ukungabi namandla" uma usufinyelele imikhawulo yamakhono akho futhi ungaqhubeki.
Lesi sihloko siyangikhathaza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa yesizinda sami - mina ngokwami ngake ngaqala ngo-D engxenyeni yesine yesikole ngesiNgisi, kodwa manje ngihlala e-UK futhi, kubonakala kimi, ngakwazi ukusiza abambalwa abangani bami banqoba izithiyo zolimi futhi bakhuphule isiNgisi sakho sibe sezingeni elifanele lokuxoxa. Futhi manje ngifunda ulimi lwami lwangaphandle lwesi-6 futhi nsuku zonke ngibhekana nezinkinga "Angikwazi ukukhuluma", "Anginalo ulwazi lwamagama olwanele" nokuthi "ngingafunda kangakanani ukuze ngigcine ngiphumelele".
Ingabe lokhu kuyinkinga? Ingabe kufanele ngizame ukudlulela ngale kwe-Intermediate?
Yebo, lokhu kuyinkinga. I-IT ingenye yezindawo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni wonke jikelele futhi ulimi lwe-IT oluvame ukuqashelwa isiNgisi. Uma ungakhulumi ulimi ezingeni elanele (futhi B1 Intermediate, ngeshwa, ayanele), khona-ke uzobhekana nobunzima obuningi ezahlukene emsebenzini wakho kanye nentuthuko professional. Ngaphezu komkhawulo osobala ohlwini lwabaqashi ongasebenza kubo (izinkampani zaseRussia kuphela ezigxile emakethe yaseRussia kuphela), okunciphisa ngokushesha amathuba akho okuthola iholo nokukhula komsebenzi, kunemikhawulo ecacile engabonakali. Into eyinhloko yilawo maphrojekthi kanye nobuchwepheshe ongasebenza nabo.
Ngizokwenza isibonelo ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami komuntu siqu - eminyakeni engu-8 edlule, ngenkathi ngisahlala eRussia, ngasebenzela umdidiyeli omkhulu, ngahola ingxenye eyodwa yezingxenye ezincane zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ye-Enterprise nokuhlanganiswa kwamabhizinisi amakhulu. Ngolunye usuku oluhle, inkampani yakwazi ukuvumelana nenye ye-TOP-3 yomhlaba wonke ye-software giants kuphrojekthi enkulu ehlangene eRussia. Ngenxa yemininingwane yobuchwepheshe kanye nengqikithi yephrojekthi, ingenziwa yiminyango eminingana enkampanini, ngakho-ke ukukhetha ukuphathwa kwakuphakathi kwalabo abakwazi ukuxhumana nomthengisi nalabo abangakwazi. Ukube ngaleso sikhathi izinga lolimi lwami belizoba Elimaphakathi, mina noma ithimba lami besingeke sibambe iqhaza kule phrojekthi, akekho noyedwa wethu obezokwazi ukusebenzisa ama-API omthengisi avaliwe futhi besingeke sisebenze ngomkhiqizo, ngaphandle ihaba, isetshenziswa izigidi nsuku zonke zabantu. Amathuba anjalo avela mhlawumbe izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu phakathi nawo wonke umsebenzi wochwepheshe abaningi emakethe, futhi ukuphuthelwa ithuba elinjalo ngenxa yokungazi ulimi, ngokubona kwami, kuwubudedengu bobugebengu.
Ngemva kokuthuthela eYurophu futhi ngisebenza lapha, ngakwazi ukubonga lonke igebe ezingeni kanye nesithakazelo samaphrojekthi atholakala eRussia nasemakethe yomhlaba, ngisho nasengxenyeni eyisicefe njengebhizinisi elinegazi. Inkinga akukhona ukuthi sisemuva ngandlela thize, okuphambene impela, iRussia yezobuchwepheshe iphambili ngezindlela eziningi kuneYurophu. Inkinga ukuthi kukhona abathengi abambalwa kakhulu kanye nemali emakethe yaseRussia, ngakho-ke akekho umuntu odinga amaphrojekthi amakhulu ngempela futhi anezici eziningi, futhi uma ungabambi iqhaza emaqenjini ngamazwe ngamazwe, ungasebenzisa impilo yakho yonke usika iwebhu engacacile. imibukiso noma ukucubungula okujwayelekile kwe-1C. Ngoba nje baningi ochwepheshe abakhulu eRussia, kodwa mancane kakhulu amaphrojekthi amakhulu emakethe yasekhaya.
Esinye isici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuthi izinga eliphakathi lesiNgisi lizomane libambezele ukukhula kwakho kochwepheshe. Akwenzeki ukufunda ngokwanele amabhulogi ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe baseNtshonalanga enaleli zinga lolimi, ingasaphathwa eyokubuka okuqoshiwe okuvela ezinkomfeni. Yebo, abafana bethu abamangalisayo bahumusha ezinye izinto, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthola, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhunyushwa okuphelele kwezinto zokwakha kusuka ku-DEF CON 2019 kusiRussia, futhi . Kodwa-ke, ngiyangabaza kakhulu ukuthi Izinga Elimaphakathi lizokwanela ukuqonda ngokwanele ngisho nezethulo, ingasaphathwa eyamavidiyo enkomfa, ngisho nokufunda imibhalo engezansi. Umthombo wolwazi ezithakazelisayo ngokulinganayo ama-podcasts, ngokuvamile angabikho imibhalo engezansi, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olungenziwa lapha ngaphandle kwezinga elihle lesiNgisi.
Kungani "ukungabi namandla" kolimi kwenzeka?
Abantu abaningi, lapho befunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, ngokushesha noma kamuva bahlangana nodonga - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza umzamo ongakanani, ulimi aluthuthuki, awuzizwa uqiniseka ngokwanele namakhono okusebenzisa ulimi ngokushelelayo futhi akucaci kahle ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze. enze ngayo.
Kubonakala kimi ukuthi kunezizathu ezimbili zalesi simo. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi kukhona igebe elikhulu lokulinganisa phakathi kwesilulumagama esilula kakhulu sansuku zonke njengokuthi "Kukhona abantu abathathu emndenini wami" noma "Ngifuna ukudla isobho" nokuxhumana okubukhoma ngamahlaya, izisho, i-professional slang, njll. Esimweni sokuqala, sikhuluma ngamagama angu-1500-1800 kanye nenani elincane kakhulu lezisho futhi lokhu kubhekwa njengomkhawulo ophansi wezinga eliphakathi. Esimweni sesibili (okuthiwa ulimi oluqephuzayo) sidinga okungenani amagama ayizinkulungwane eziyi-8-10 namakhulu ezisho. Leli gebe alibonakali kangako lapho uqala ukufunda ulimi, kodwa lapho usuthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa noma oluncane lohlelo lolimi futhi ungalalela okungenani (uqonde ngendlebe) inkulumo yangaphandle futhi uzame ukusebenzisa ulimi empilweni yangempela, thola ukuthi maningi ama-nuances ongawaqondi noma ongawazwa. Kuze kube yilapho isilulumagama sakho sikhula size sibe kulawa magama adume kabi angu-8000, inkulumo yakho izobonakala ixakile futhi ixakile kuwe. Ukuthuthukisa silulumagama esibaluleke kangaka kudinga ukuzijwayeza okuningi nesikhathi, lapho kuzobonakala kuwe ukuthi ayikho inqubekelaphambili (nakuba ikhona).
Isizathu sesibili, ngombono wami, ukuthi inkulumo ebukhoma yangempela empeleni ihluke kakhulu kulokho esikubona ezincwadini zokufunda, futhi angikhulumi ngisho nesilulumagama esifundiswa ezincwadini noma ezifundweni, kodwa ngokujwayelekile ngesimo obhekene naso. ukuhlangana. Isibonelo esilula ithimba le-Scrum elimisiwe labahleli bohlelo lapho kukhona abameleli abavela emazweni ahlukene. Angikaze ngibone neyodwa incwadi yolimi lwesiNgisi, okuhlanganisa nezincwadi ezikhuluma “ngesiNgisi sebhizinisi,” ezingafundisa ukuthi ungachaza kanjani ubunzima bakho ngokuqaliswa kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi noma ezingasebenzisa isimo sokusebenzisana phakathi kweminyango eminingana ehhovisi njengezibonelo. Ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kokukhulumisana ezimweni ezinjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha ulwazimagama olufanele futhi unqobe ukungezwani kwangaphakathi ekusebenziseni ulimi.
Konke kuhambile, yini okufanele uyenze?
Okokuqala, ungayeki. Phakathi nokuphila kwami okungekude kangako, ngaba nabafundisi abangaba ngamashumi amabili bezilimi ezahlukene zakwamanye amazwe, bonke babenezindlela nezindlela ezihlukene, kubo bonke ngathola imiphumela ehlukene, kodwa abaningi bavumelana ngento eyodwa - into eyinhloko ukuphikelela. Ingxenye yehora yansuku zonke yolimi ngosuku (kunoma yiluphi uhlobo) ingcono kakhulu kunanoma yiziphi izifundo ezidinga kakhulu noma amakilasi kanye noma kabili ngesonto ihora noma ngaphezulu. Ngisho noma ungazizwa sengathi uyathuthuka, uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa ulimi nsuku zonke—noma ukufunda, ukubuka amamuvi, noma okungcono, ukukhuluma—khona-ke empeleni uyathuthuka.
Okwesibili, ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha. Wonke umuntu ukhuluma isiNgisi ngamaphutha, kuhlanganise namaNgisi. Empeleni, lokhu akukhathazi muntu, ikakhulukazi amaNgisi. Ezweni lanamuhla zikhona. Ngikholwe, isiNgisi sakho ngeke neze sibe esibi kakhulu esizwiwe umkhulumeli wakho. Futhi okungenzeka kube ngu-5:1, umkhulumeli wakho akasona isikhulumi somdabu futhi wenza amaphutha ambalwa kunawe. Uma ukhathazeke kakhulu ngamaphutha enkulumweni yakho, silulumagama esilungile nezisho ezifanele kubaluleke kakhulu kunohlelo lolimi oluphelele kanye nokuphimisela okuhle kakhulu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlanekezela amagama ngokucindezeleka okungalungile noma amagama okufunda, kodwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Ryazan accent" noma i-athikili elahlekile akuyona into embi kunazo zonke owake wayizwa.
Okwesithathu, zizungeze ngolimi. Kudingekile ukuthi uhlale usebenzisa okuqukethwe ngolimi, kodwa kufanele kube okuqukethwe okuthandayo, hhayi ukuzivocavoca okuvela ezincwadini zokufunda. Ngesinye isikhathi, imidlalo yekhompiyutha enombhalo omningi yangisebenzela kahle, ikakhulukazi eyaziwa kakhulu , kodwa lokhu kuyindaba ekhethekile nje yesimiso esijwayelekile. Uchungechunge olwamsebenzela kahle kakhulu umkami yilolo esaqale salubuka ngesiNgisi esinemibhalo engezansi yesiRashiya, saba nemibhalo engezansi yesiNgisi, sabe singayiboni nhlobo. Omunye wabangane bami wacosha ulimi lwakhe ebuka ama-stand-up ku-YouTube (kodwa wayekwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi, cishe zonke izinsuku). Yonke into ingumuntu ngamunye, into eyinhloko ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyathakazelisa kuwe, ukuthi ukusebenzise njalo futhi ungazifaki ngesimo sokuhumusha, noma ngabe zikhona. Uma namuhla uqonda u-25% wokuqukethwe, khona-ke ezinyangeni eziyisithupha uzoqonda u-70%.
Okwesine, ukuxhumana nezikhulumi zomdabu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kusukela ezingeni eliphakathi. Uma kungenzeka, yiya ezingqungqutheleni zamazwe ngamazwe futhi uxhumane nabantu lapho. Uma kungenjalo, zama ukujwayelana nohambo lwezivakashi. Ngisho namahora ambalwa endaweni yehhotela yaseTurkey enomlandeli odakiwe wesiNgisi anganika amakhono akho olimi umfutho omkhulu. Ukuxhumana okubukhoma ezimeni zangempela, ezingezona inyumba (lapho indawo inomsindo, okhuluma naye enezwi elinzima, udakiwe) ngeke kuthathelwe indawo izifundo noma uchungechunge lwe-TV futhi luwakhuthaza kakhulu amakhono akho olimi. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi ukuba sezifundeni lokhu akulula kangako, kepha ezinhloko-dolobha ezimbili kukhona amaqembu okuxhumana nabantu bomdabu, endaweni enobungane ye-cafe kunoma yisiphi isihloko kusuka kumhlaba wonke kuya kochwepheshe ngokuphelele.
Okwesihlanu, zama ukudlulisa izingxoxo nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Ngisho noma ungahle uhlele ukushiya noma yikuphi ukusebenzela ikhasimende laseNtshonalanga, izingxoxo ezinjalo zizokunikeza ulwazi oluningi, ngemva kwalokho uzozizwa uqiniseka kakhulu eRussia. Enye yezinzuzo ukuthi cishe izikhulumi ezingezona ezomdabu zizoxoxisana nawe, ngakho-ke kuzoba lula kuwe. Ngokunokwenzeka okukhulu, uma lena kuyinkampani enkulu, ungase futhi uxoxisane nabakhuluma isiRashiya, abazokuqonda kakhulu. Ukwengeza, lokhu kuwumkhuba wokukhuluma ngokuqondile ngezihloko zomsebenzi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.
Okwesithupha, amasu okudlala asebenza kahle ekwakheni ulwazimagama. Yebo, isikhova esiluhlaza esingenangqondo sika-Duolingo, esesivele saba yi-meme, singakusiza ngokuphelele ukuthi wakhe ulwazimagama lwakho futhi sikukhuthaze ukuthi usachitha leyo ngxenye yehora eyigugu ngosuku ekufundeni ulimi. I-analogue yesiRashiya yi-Lingvaleo, i-avatar ehlukile, izimiso ziyafana. Manje ngifunda amagama ami amasha angama-20 ngesiShayina ngosuku ngenxa yesikhova esiluhlaza.
Esikhundleni isiphetho
Ithimba lami manje lihlanganisa abantu abavela emazweni angu-9 ahlukene abavela emazwenikazi angu-4. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe ingxenye yesithathu ivela eRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus. Abantu bakithi bangabanye bochwepheshe be-IT abaqine kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi baziswa kakhulu futhi bayahlonishwa. Ngeshwa, ezindaweni eziningi ze-USSR yangaphambili, isifundo sezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nesiNgisi, siphathwa ngokunganaki futhi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuningi kwamathalenta ambalwa, kodwa lokhu akunjalo neze. Ngethemba ngempela lokho ikakhulukazi wena, mfundi wale ndatshana, uzofaka isikhathi esincane kuwe futhi uthuthukise izinga lolimi lwakho, ngoba umphakathi okhuluma isiRashiya ufanelwe ukumelwa kakhulu emhlabeni we-IT. Kunoma yikuphi, ingabe intuthuko ingcono kunokutshala exhaphozini elithokomele?
Source: www.habr.com