Ukukhishwa kwekhithi yokusabalalisa ye-Elementary OS 5.1 “Hera”

Kuthunyelwe ngu- ukukhishwa kokusabalalisa I-Elementary OS 5.1 "Hera", ibekwe njengenye indlela esheshayo, evulekile, nehlonipha ubumfihlo ku-Windows ne-macOS. Le phrojekthi igxile ekwakhiweni kwekhwalithi, okuhloswe ngayo ukudala uhlelo olusebenziseka kalula olusebenzisa izinsiza ezincane futhi lunikeze isivinini esikhulu sokuqalisa. Abasebenzisi banikezwa imvelo yabo yedeskithophu ye-Pantheon. Okokulayisha ilungisiwe izithombe ze-iso ezibhuthayo (1.47 GB) ezitholakalayo ngezakhiwo ze-amd64 (uma ziqalwa kusuka isiza, ukuze ulande mahhala, kufanele ufake u-0 endaweni yenani lomnikelo).

Lapho kwakhiwa izingxenye zokuqala ze-Elementary OS, i-GTK3, ulimi lwe-Vala kanye nohlaka lweGranite luyasetshenziswa. Intuthuko yephrojekthi ye-Ubuntu isetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokusabalalisa. Ezingeni lamaphakheji nokwesekwa kwendawo yokugcina izinto, i-Elementary OS 5.1 iyahambisana no-Ubuntu 18.04. Indawo eyisithombe isuselwe kugobolondo le-Pantheon uqobo, elihlanganisa izingxenye ezifana nomphathi wewindi le-Gala (okusekelwe ku-LibMutter), i-WingPanel ephezulu, isiqalisi se-Slingshot, iphaneli yokulawula ye-Switchboard, ibha yomsebenzi ephansi. Iplanki (i-analogue yephaneli ye-Docky ebhalwe kabusha e-Vala) kanye nomphathi weseshini ye-Pantheon Greeter (okusekelwe ku-LightDM).

Imvelo ihlanganisa isethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganiswe ngokuqinile endaweni eyodwa ezidingekayo ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zabasebenzisi. Phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, eziningi yintuthuko yephrojekthi uqobo, njenge-Pantheon Terminal emulator, umphathi wefayela lePantheon Files, kanye nomhleli wombhalo. Scratch kanye nesidlali somculo Umculo (Umsindo). Iphrojekthi iphinde ithuthukise umphathi wesithombe i-Pantheon Photos (imfoloko evela ku-Shotwell) kanye neklayenti le-imeyili i-Pantheon Mail (imfoloko evela ku-Geary).

Okuqanjwe kabusha okubalulekile:

• Kuphakanyisiwe Idizayini entsha yesikrini sokungena ngemvume nesilondolozi sesikrini ngenkathi isikrini sikhiyiwe, esixazulula izinkinga lapho sisebenza ngezikrini ze-high pixel density (HiDPI) futhi sithuthukise ukwenziwa kwasendaweni.
  Isikrini sokungena manje sibonisa ngokucacile amakhadi abasebenzisi abakhona, abonisa ngokushesha igama, isithombe nesithombe sangemuva sedeskithophu esikhethwe umsebenzisi ukuze kube lula ukukhetha. Ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka lapho ufaka iphasiwedi, izinkomba zokhiye abasebenzayo be-Caps Lock kanye ne-Num Lock ziyaboniswa. Uma kunikwe amandla kuzilungiselelo zokungena kwesivakashi, ikhadi elihambisanayo lokungena ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa liyaboniswa.
  

• Kwengezwe isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha sokuqala esikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile lapho ungena okokuqala ngqa, uchaze imithetho yokucubungula idatha eyimfihlo, futhi ufake izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile zezinkampani zangaphandle. Isibonelo, umsebenzisi angakhetha ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza isevisi yendawo, ukukhanya kwasebusuku, ukususwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamafayela esikhashana nokuqukethwe kukadoti.
  

• Kumphathi wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-AppCenter eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukusekelwa kwamaphakheji wendawo yonke ngefomethi ye-Flatpak. I-Sideload interface yengeziwe, enikeza amandla okufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingekho endaweni yokugcina evamile futhi ezingatholakali ku-AppCenter. I-Sideload yenza kube lula ukulanda i-Flatpak kunoma iyiphi isayithi futhi uyifake ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenza ukukhohlisa kukhonsoli.
  

• I-AppCenter yenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okukhulu futhi yaqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yenziwa ngochungechunge olufanayo, oluvumele ukwenziwa ngokushesha okuphindwe ka-10 kweminye imisebenzi. Ukwakhiwa kohlu olunconyiwe lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokulayishwa kwesikrini esikhulu kusheshiswe kakhulu. Uhlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle ezinikezwayo ukuze zifakwe lubuyekeziwe. Kwengezwe ikhono lokuxhuma amaqoqo ephakheji ngefomethi
  I-Flatpak. Ekhasini lolwazi lwephakheji, isistimu yokuzulazula yesithombe-skrini iklanywe kabusha (ngaphezu kwamachashazi, izinkinobho eziya phambili nangemuva zinikezwa) futhi usekelo lokulayisha ukugqwayiza kwesithombe-skrini sengeziwe.
  

  Lapho ubuka ulwazi mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza, manje usungakwazi ukukhetha imithombo yokufaka ehlukene, isibonelo, ungafaka uhlelo lokusebenza endaweni yokugcina evamile noma ufake inguqulo entsha evela ku-Flatpak. Esimeni lapho kungekho ukuxhumana kunethiwekhi yomhlaba, imodi yokubuka ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe manje isisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvumela ukususwa kwezinhlelo.

  

  I-AppCenter iphinde yengeza izigaba ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza futhi yaxazulula izinkinga ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-imeyili, izitayela zezinkinobho, nokubonakala kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo.

  

• Ukuqaliswa kwedeskithophu okuthuthukisiwe. Iwindi lesithombe-esithombeni manje selivela ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla kwesikrini ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokudala izithombe-skrini senziwe lula. Inkinobho yengeziwe kumenyu yokuqukethwe yohlelo lokusebenza ukuvula ulwazi mayelana nohlelo kumphathi wokufaka wohlelo lokusebenza. Idizayini yenkomba yesaziso sesistimu ihlanganisiwe. Kwengezwe usekelo lokuskrola kusibonisi Sokulawula Umsindo ukuze kushintshwe ivolumu yemakrofoni nokuzwela. Idizayini yenkomba yedethi nesikhathi ishintshiwe; ikhalenda lokudonsela phansi manje libonisa imicimbi ehleliwe (imakwe ngamachashazi). Amacebiso mayelana nezinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezitholakalayo zengezwe kusibonisi sokuphatha isikhathi.
  

• Ngesitayela sokuklama esimnyama, esikhundleni somthunzi opholile wegrey, umbala ompunga ongathathi hlangothi usetshenziswa. Ukwenyuka kokugqama kwezakhi zesitayela esimnyama. Amanye amaswishi nezinkomba zokuqhubeka komsebenzi sezicashe kakhulu. Kubuyekezwe izithonjana zesistimu.
  

• Lapho uskrola, umphumela wokufiphalisa imingcele ephezulu naphansi yohlu ezingxoxweni zokudonsela phansi usetshenzisiwe.
  

• Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha imingcele yesistimu sinwetshwe kakhulu. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha sokuphatha amadivaysi omsindo angaphandle sewethuliwe, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngokushesha idivayisi oyifunayo ukuze ukhiphe umsindo ohlwini oluhlongozwayo. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokwenza ngokwezifiso umsindo ngezexwayiso ezihlukahlukene sithuthukisiwe.
  

• Izilungiseleli zegundane nephedi yokuthinta zithuthukisiwe, izilungiselelo zazo manje eziqoqwe ngezigaba kuye ngokuziphatha (ukuchofoza nokuma) kanye nemininingwane yehadiwe (igundane nephedi yokuthinta). Kwengezwe inketho yokuziba iphedi yokuthinta lapho igundane lixhunyiwe, futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga ngokusetha amapharamitha wokuchofoza inkinobho yegundane emaphakathi.
  

  Ithebhu entsha ethi "Ukubukeka" yengezwe kuzilungiselelo zedeskithophu, ehlanganisa izilungiselelo zosayizi wefonti, ukukhanya kwephaneli kanye nopopayi wokuvula iwindi.

  

  Idizayini yesixhumi esibonakalayo yokushintsha imingcele yesikrini ishintshiwe. Izinketho ezintsha ziphakanyiselwe ukusetha izinga lokuvuselela isikrini kanye nezici zokukala ezilungile. Inqubo yokuhambisa, ukuthwebula kanye nokuqondisa izindawo ezibonakalayo zezikrini ezihlukene isisetshenzwe kabusha.

  

• I-interface yokusetha ye-Bluetooth ethuthukisiwe. Ukuthembeka kwe-ejenti yokumatanisa namadivayisi e-Bluetooth kanye nokusetha ileveli yokuthembana esimweni lapho idivayisi idinga ukuthi ufake i-PIN khodi noma iphasiwedi isithuthukisiwe.
  
  

  Idizayini ebuyekeziwe yezilungiselelo zedethi nesikhathi. Umsebenzi ongeziwe ukuze ukhethe ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo yesikhathi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokukhetha amaphekhi olimi nokusetha ukwenziwa kwasendaweni siklanywe kabusha. Ukusetha ulimi olusha kuyiswe engxoxweni ehlukile.

  

  I-VPN kanye nezilungisi zemodi yephoyinti lokufinyelela okungenantambo ziklanywe kabusha, manje sezenziwe ngendlela yamathebhu esikhundleni sezingxoxo ezihlukene.

  

  Idizayini yesilungisi, equkethe izilungiselelo ezihlobene nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo nokuvikeleka, ishintshiwe. Isigaba esinezilungiselelo zokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kwamafayela esikhashana kanye nomgqomo wokugaywa kabusha kuhlanganiswe nengxenye ehambisanayo yesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuqala. Inketho yengeziwe esigabeni sokuphathwa kwamandla ukuze kuboniswe ibhokisi lokuqinisekisa lapho ucindezela inkinobho yamandla.

  

• Kumenyu yohlelo lokusebenza, amandla ohlelo lokusesha anwetshiwe, manje okuvumela ukuthi useshe izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile.
  

• Kubuyekezwe idizayini yomhleli wekhalenda, lapho ibhokisi lokuphatha umcimbi lithuthukisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwephalethi yombala kunwetshiwe, futhi ukusekelwa kokuzulazula kwekhibhodi kwengeziwe.
  

• Kumphathi wesithombe, amabhokisi ezingxoxo enziwe abesimanje futhi ingemuva elithi "checkerboard" liye lasetshenziswa ukuze kugqanyiswe izindawo ezikhanyayo zezithombe. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhamera lunwebise ukwesekwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, nokusebenzisana okuthuthukisiwe namanye amakhompyutha aphathekayo adumile.
  

• Isidlali somculo sikhulise ikhono lokuhlunga okuqukethwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubuka (i-albhamu, uhlu, amakholomu). Ukulawula ikhibhodi eyenziwe lula. Umsebenzi othuthukisiwe ngezinhlu zokudlalayo nolayini. Kwengezwe ukusekelwa kwamafayela ngefomethi ye-s3m.
  Ikhwalithi ye-interface ezikrinini ze-HiDPI ithuthukisiwe.
  

• Isidlali sevidiyo manje sinesici esidala ngokuzenzakalelayo ulayini wokudlala iziqephu uma ubuka uhlelo lwe-TV. Izilawuli zekhibhodi ezithuthukisiwe. Kwengezwe inkinobho ehlukile ukusula ulayini wokudlala.
  

• Umphathi wefayela wengeze usekelo lokufinyelela isitoreji samafu kanye nezinsizakalo zokuvumelanisa ifayela. Ukusebenzisana nesitoreji sangaphandle kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-plugin asekelwe ku-API, ehlelelwe ukuthi yengezwe kumphathi wefayela ojwayelekile we-GNOME.
  Ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela osesho, isithonjana esihlukile sengeziwe kanye nekhono lokuthumela umushwana wokusesha ngenkambu yokufaka yendlela yefayela lapho ikuhla lwemibhalo lwasekhaya, okufana nokusesha ibha yekheli kuziphequluli. Imiphumela yosesho manje isiboniswa ngendlela ehlangene futhi ingaboniswa ngaphandle kwezithombe ezincane. Uhlelo lokuqoqa amafayela kusetshenziswa izimpawu zombala luthuthukiswe kakhulu.
  

• Isihleli sekhodi sikuvumela ukuthi ubonise ama-hotkeys kumathiphu wamathuluzi. Umsebenzi owengeziwe wokushintsha amagatsha ku-Git. Iphaneli yesokunxele ihlinzeka ngokuboniswa kwamafayela afihliwe nangewona ombhalo akhona endaweni yokugcina ye-Git. Ukulondoloza okuzenzakalelayo okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kokuthola ifayela.
  

• Isizindalwazi sephakheji sivunyelaniswe ne-Ubuntu 18.04.3. Isitaki sezithombe esibuyekeziwe (Mesa 18.2.8) namashayeli wevidiyo ama-Intel, AMD kanye ne-NVIDIA chips. Ngenxa yokushintshela ku-Linux kernel 5.0, ukusekelwa kwehadiwe kunwetshiwe (ukukhululwa kwangaphambilini kuhanjiswe nge-kernel 4.15).

Source: opennet.ru