Nyanga zonke sifunda izindaba mayelana nokushiyeka nokwehluleka kwemfundo e-United States. Uma ukholelwa kumaphephandaba, khona-ke isikole samabanga aphansi eMelika asikwazi ukufundisa abafundi ngisho nolwazi oluyisisekelo, ulwazi olunikezwa isikole samabanga aphezulu alwanele ukwamukelwa ekolishi, futhi izingane zesikole ezisakwazi ukuqhubeka zaze zaphothula ekolishi ziyazithola. engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezindonga zawo. Kodwa izibalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zisanda kunyatheliswa ezibonisa ukuthi okungenani esicini esisodwa esiqondile, umbono onjalo uqhelelene kakhulu neqiniso. Naphezu kwezinkinga ezaziwayo zohlelo lwemfundo yamabanga aphakeme yaseMelika, abaphothule emakolishi aseMelika asebenza ngesayensi yekhompiyutha baphenduke ochwepheshe abathuthuke kahle nabancintisana kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabaqhudelana nabo kwamanye amazwe.
Ucwaningo, olwenziwa ithimba labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe, luqhathanise abaphothule ekolishi lase-US nabaphothule esikoleni abavela emazweni amathathu amakhulu lapho i-US ikhiphela kuwo ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware: iChina, iNdiya neRussia. Lawa mazwe amathathu adume ngabahleli bawo besigaba sokuqala nabawinile emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe, idumela lawo lihle, futhi izenzo eziphumelelayo zabaduni baseRussia nabaseShayina zihlale zibonakala ezindabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-China ne-India banezimakethe ezinkulu zesofthiwe yasekhaya ezihlinzekwa ngamathalente amaningi wendawo. Zonke lezi zici zenza abahleli bezinhlelo abavela kulawa mazwe amathathu babe ibhentshimakhi efanele kakhulu yokuqhathanisa nabathweswe iziqu baseMelika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abafundi abaningi abavela kula mazwe beza bezofunda e-United States.
Ucwaningo alusho ukuthi lubanzi futhi, ikakhulukazi, aluqhathanisi imiphumela yabantu baseMelika nemiphumela yabathweswe iziqu kwamanye amazwe athuthukile entando yeningi ekhululekile njenge-United States. Ngakho-ke ngeke kushiwo ukuthi imiphumela etholiwe ingabuyekezwa ukuze ivune impumelelo engaguquki kanye nokubusa okuphelele kohlelo lwemfundo yaseMelika emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa amazwe ahlolwe ocwaningweni ahlaziywa ngokujulile nangokucophelela. Kulawa mazwe amathathu, abacwaningi bakhethe ngokungahleliwe izikhungo zemfundo ezihlukene ezingama-85 phakathi kwamanyuvesi “aphakeme” kanye “avamile” esayensi yekhompyutha. Abacwaningi bavumelana nenyuvesi ngayinye kulawa ukuthi yenze ukuhlolwa kwamahora amabili ngokuzithandela phakathi kwabafundi abenza unyaka wokugcina abagxile ezinhlelweni. Ukuhlolwa kwalungiswa ngochwepheshe be-ETS, , yayinemibuzo engu-66 umuntu ngamunye azikhethela yona, futhi yayiqhutshwa ngolimi lwendawo. Imibuzo yayihlanganisa izakhiwo zedatha ezihlukene, ama-algorithms kanye nezilinganiso zobunkimbinkimbi bazo, izinkinga zokugcina nokudlulisa ulwazi, imisebenzi evamile yokuhlela kanye nomklamo wohlelo. Imisebenzi yayingaboshelwe kunoma yiluphi ulimi lokuhlela futhi yayibhalwe nge-pseudocode engabonakali (njengoba uDonald Knuth enza emsebenzini wakhe othi “The Art of Programming”). Sebebonke, abantu baseMelika abangu-6847, amaShayina angama-678, amaNdiya angama-364 kanye namaRussia angama-551 abambe iqhaza ocwaningweni.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, imiphumela yabantu baseMelika yayingcono kakhulu kuneyabafundi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngisho noma abafundi baseMelika bengena ekolishi benezibalo ezimbi kakhulu nezibalo zefiziksi kunontanga yabo phesheya kwezilwandle, bahlala bethola amaphuzu angcono kakhulu ezivivinyweni lapho bephothula. Yebo, sikhuluma ngomehluko wezibalo kuphela - imiphumela yabafundi ayincikile ekolishi kuphela, kodwa futhi namakhono ngamanye, ngakho-ke imiphumela yabafundi abahlukene bekolishi elifanayo ingahluka ngokuyisisekelo futhi umuntu ophumelele kakhulu " ikolishi elibi” lingaba ngcono kakhulu kunomuntu ophothule ekolishi “elite”.” Inyuvesi. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesilinganiso, abantu baseMelika bathole ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okungu-0.76 okungcono esivivinyweni kunabaseRussia, amaNdiya, noma amaShayina. Leli gebe liba likhulu nakakhulu uma sihlukanisa abathweswe iziqu emanyuvesi “aphakeme” “navamile” futhi singawaqhathanisi eqenjini elilodwa, kodwa ngokwehlukana - amanyuvesi aseRussia aphakeme anamakolishi aphakeme ase-US, amanyuvesi avamile aseRussia anamakolishi avamile aseMelika. Abathweswe iziqu ezikhungweni zemfundo “eziphakeme”, njengoba bekulindelekile, babonise ngokwesilinganiso imiphumela engcono kakhulu kunabathweswe iziqu ezikoleni “ezivamile,” futhi ngenxa yokusakazeka okuncane kwamamaki phakathi kwabafundi abahlukene, umehluko phakathi kwabafundi abavela emazweni ahlukene wabonakala nakakhulu. . Empeleni imiphumela okuncono Imiphumela yamanyuvesi aseRussia, China naseNdiya ibicishe ifane ejwayelekile Amakolishi aseMelika. Izikole eziphakeme zaseMelika, ngokwesilinganiso, zingcono kakhulu kunezikole zaseRussia eziphakeme njengoba amanyuvesi aseRussia aphezulu, ngokwesilinganiso, angcono kunamakolishi ajwayelekile “okwakha uthango”. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi ucwaningo aluzange luveze umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo phakathi kwemiphumela yabafundi abaphothule emanyuvesi eRussia, India naseChina.
Umfanekiso 1. Isilinganiso semiphumela yokuhlolwa, ejwayele ukuchezuka, kubafundi abavela emazweni ahlukene kanye namaqembu ahlukene amanyuvesi.
Abacwaningi bazama ukucabangela futhi bakhiphe izizathu ezihlelekile zokuhlukana okunjalo. Isibonelo, enye yemibono ehloliwe yayiwukuthi imiphumela engcono kakhulu yamanyuvesi aseMelika ibangelwa nje ukuthi abafundi bangaphandle abahamba phambili beza ukuzofunda e-United States, kuyilapho kusele abafundi ababi kakhulu ezweni lakubo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalabo abangasikhulumi isiNgisi somdabu enanini labafundi “baseMelika” akuzange kuguqule imiphumela nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Elinye iphuzu elithakazelisayo kwaba ukuhlaziya umehluko wobulili. Kuwo wonke amazwe, abafana babonise, ngokwesilinganiso, imiphumela engcono ngokuphawulekayo kunamantombazane, kodwa igebe elitholakele lalincane kakhulu kunegebe phakathi kwabathweswe iziqu emanyuvesi angaphandle kanye nabaseMelika. Ngenxa yalokho, amantombazane aseMelika, ngenxa yemfundo engcono, abe, ngokwesilinganiso, anekhono ngokuphawulekayo kunabafana bakwamanye amazwe. Ngokusobala, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umehluko obonwayo emiphumeleni yabafana namantombazane uvela ikakhulukazi ekwehlukeni kwamasiko nemfundo ezindleleni zokufundisa abafana namantombazane hhayi ngamakhono emvelo, njengoba intombazane efunde kahle ihlula kalula umfana ofundiswe. hhayi kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, iqiniso lokuthi abahleli bezinhlelo besifazane e-United States baholelwa kamuva, ngokwesilinganiso, imali encane kakhulu kunabahleli bezinhlelo besilisa, ngokusobala alihlangene nakancane namakhono abo angempela.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yokuhlaziya idatha, imiphumela etholwe ocwaningweni, yebo, ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengeqiniso elingenakuguqulwa. Nakuba abacwaningi benza yonke imizamo yokuhumusha zonke izivivinyo ngendlela efanele, inkampani ezakhayo isagxile ekuhloleni abafundi baseMelika. Akunakuphikwa ukuthi imiphumela emihle kakhulu yabantu baseMelika ingase ibe ngenxa yokuthi kubo imibuzo enjalo yayivele yaziwa kangcono futhi ijwayeleke kakhulu kunoontanga bawo bangaphandle. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi abafundi baseShayina, eNdiya naseRussia abanezinhlelo zemfundo nezivivinyo ezihluke ngokuphelele babonise cishe imiphumela efanayo ngokungaqondile libonisa ukuthi lokhu cishe akuwona umbono ozwakalayo.
Ukufingqa konke osekushiwo, ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi e-USA namuhla, abafundi abayizinkulungwane ezingama-65 baphothula imfundo emkhakheni wesayensi yamakhompiyutha minyaka yonke. Leli nani liye lakhula kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa lihlala likude kakhulu nezibalo zaseChina (abangu-185 215 abathweswe iziqu ngonyaka) kanye neNdiya (abathweswe iziqu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX). Kodwa nakuba i-United States ingeke ikwazi ukushiya "ukungenisa" kwabahleli bezinhlelo zangaphandle esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abaphothule baseMelika bazilungiselele kangcono kakhulu kunabaqhudelana nabo bakwamanye amazwe.
Kusuka kumhumushi: Ngathintwa yilolu cwaningo ngase nginquma ukuludlulisela ku-Habr ngoba isipiliyoni sami seminyaka engu-15 ku-IT, ngeshwa, siqinisekisa ngokungaqondile. Abathweswe iziqu abahlukene, kunjalo, banamazinga ahlukene okuqeqeshwa, kanti iRussia ikhiqiza okungenani amathalente asezingeni lomhlaba ayishumi nambili minyaka yonke; nokho isilinganiso imiphumela yeziqu, ubuningi Izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwabahleli bezinhlelo ezweni lakithi, maye, likhubazekile. Futhi uma sisuka ekuqhathaniseni abawinile kuma-Olympiads wamazwe ngamazwe nomuntu oneziqu zase-Ohio State College ukuze siqhathanise abantu abaningi abaqhathanisekayo, umehluko, ngeshwa, uyamangaza. Ake sithi ngafunda eMoscow State University futhi ngafunda ucwaningo lwabafundi be-MIT - futhi lokhu, maye, kuyizinga elihluke ngokuphelele. Imfundo eRussia - ngisho nokuqeqeshwa kwezinhlelo ezingadingi izindleko ezinkulu - kulandela izinga elijwayelekile lentuthuko yezwe futhi, uma kubhekwa izinga eliphansi lamaholo embonini, phakathi neminyaka, ngokubona kwami, liba libi kakhulu. Kungenzeka ngandlela thize ukuhlehlisa lo mkhuba noma ingabe sekuyisikhathi sokuthumela izingane ukuthi ziyofunda e-States? Ngiphakamisa ukuxoxa ngalokhu kumazwana.
Ucwaningo lwangempela lungafundwa lapha:
Source: www.habr.com