Sekuyisikhathi eside kungumbono omisiwe ku-HR ukuthi umsebenzi ophumelelayo ku-IT awunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemfundo eqhubekayo. Abanye ngokuvamile batusa ukukhetha umqashi onezinhlelo eziqinile zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bakhe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani elikhulu lezikole zemfundo eyengeziwe yemisebenzi yezandla liye lavela emkhakheni we-IT. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umuntu ngamunye kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kuyathrenda.
Sibuka amathrendi anjalo, siku-“My Circle” khombisa izifundo eziqediwe kuphrofayela yakho. Futhi benze ucwaningo: bahlela inhlolovo futhi baqoqa izimpendulo kubasebenzisi abangu-3700 be-My Circle kanye ne-Habr mayelana nolwazi lwabo lwezemfundo:
- Engxenyeni yokuqala yocwaningo, siyaqonda ukuthi ukuba khona kwemfundo ephakeme neyengeziwe kuwuthinta kanjani umsebenzi nemisebenzi, ngokusekelwe kulokho okucatshangelwayo ochwepheshe be-IT abathola imfundo eyengeziwe nokuthi yiziphi izindawo, yini abagcina beyithola kuyo ngokusebenza, futhi ngaziphi izindlela bakhetha izifundo.
- Engxenyeni yesibili yocwaningo, oluzokhishwa kamuva, sizobheka izikhungo zemfundo zemfundo eyengeziwe ezikhona emakethe namuhla, sithole ukuthi yiziphi ezidume kakhulu futhi yiziphi ezifunwa kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni bakhe isilinganiso sabo.
1. Iqhaza lemfundo eyisisekelo neyengeziwe emsebenzini nasemisebenzini
U-85% wochwepheshe abasebenza kwa-IT banemfundo ephakeme: 70% sebeqedile, u-15% basaqeda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphesenti angama-60 kuphela anemfundo ehlobene ne-IT. Phakathi kochwepheshe abanemfundo ephakeme engeyona eyinhloko, kukhona “ama-techies” aphindwe kabili kunalawo “ama-humanists.”
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalabo abahlolwa babenemfundo yabo yamabanga aphansi ehlobene nezinhlelo, oyedwa kwabahlanu kuphela owaqeda i-internship nabaqashi bakusasa.
Futhi akukho ngaphezu kwenothi lesithathu lokuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwethiyori kanye namakhono okuhlela okusebenzayo atholwe phakathi nale mfundo ayewusizo kubo.
Njengoba sibona, namuhla imfundo ephakeme ayihlangabezani ngokwanele nezidingo zemakethe yezabasebenzi ku-IT: ngoba iningi alihlinzeki ngethiyori nemikhuba eyanele ukuze bazizwe bekhululekile emisebenzini yabo yobungcweti.
Yingakho namuhla cishe wonke uchwepheshe we-IT, phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe womsebenzi, uhlanganyela ekuzifundiseni: ngosizo lwezincwadi, amavidiyo, amabhulogi; ababili kwabathathu bathatha izifundo ezengeziwe zemfundo yezandla, futhi iningi liyawakhokhela; wonke umuntu wesibili uya kumasemina, imihlangano, nezinkomfa.
Naphezu kwakho konke, imfundo ephakeme eqondene ne-IT isiza abafakizicelo ukuba bathole umsebenzi ku-50% wamacala kanye nokuthuthuka kwemisebenzi kuma-25% wamacala, imfundo ephakeme okungeyona eye-IT isiza ku-35% no-20% wamacala, ngokulandelana.
Lapho sibuza umbuzo mayelana nokuthi imfundo eyengeziwe iyasiza yini emsebenzini nasemisebenzini, sayisungula kanje: “Ingabe ukuba nesitifiketi kwakusiza ekukhuleni kwakho enkampanini?” Futhi bathole ukuthi kusiza u-20% ekutholeni umsebenzi kanye no-15% emsebenzini.
Nokho, ngesinye isikhathi ekuhlolweni sabuza lo mbuzo ngendlela ehlukile: “Ingabe izifundo zemfundo eyengeziwe owazenza zakusiza ukuba uthole umsebenzi?” Futhi sithole izinombolo ezihluke ngokuphelele: U-43% uphendule ngokuthi isikole sisize ngokuqashwa ngandlela thize (ngendlela yesipiliyoni esidingekayo emsebenzini, ukugcwalisa iphothifoliyo noma ukwazana ngqo nomqashi).
Njengoba sibona, imfundo ephakeme isadlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekwenzeni ubungcweti be-IT. Kodwa imfundo eyengeziwe isivele iyimbangi enamandla kuyo, idlula ngisho nemfundo ephakeme, engakhethekile ku-IT.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi umqashi uyibheka kanjani imfundo ephakeme neyengeziwe.
Kuvele ukuthi njalo uchwepheshe we-IT wesibili uyabandakanyeka ekuhloleni abasebenzi abasha uma kuqashwa. U-50% wabo uthanda imfundo ephakeme kanti u-45% unentshisekelo yokuqhubeka nemfundo. Ezimweni ezingu-10-15%, ulwazi mayelana nemfundo yomuntu okhethiwe luthinta kakhulu isinqumo sokumqasha.
I-60% yochwepheshe ezinkampanini zabo inomnyango wakwa-HR noma uchwepheshe ohlukile wakwa-HR: ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezizimele cishe njalo, ezinkampanini ezincane ezizimele noma zomphakathi - ngesigamu samacala.
Izinkampani ezine-HR zizwela kakhulu emfundweni yabasebenzi bazo. Ezimweni ezingu-45%, izinkampani ezinjengalezi zithatha isinyathelo sokufundisa abasebenzi bazo futhi ku-14% kuphela lapho zingasizi ngalutho ngemfundo. Izinkampani ezingenawo umsebenzi ozinikele we-HR zibonisa ukuqaliswa kwamacala angu-17% kuphela, futhi ku-30% wamacala azisizi nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Lapho behlanganyela emfundweni yabasebenzi, abaqashi banaka cishe ngokulinganayo kumafomethi anjengemicimbi, izifundo zemfundo kanye nemihlangano.
2. Kungani uthola imfundo eyengeziwe?
Uma sibheka sisonke, ngokuvamile ngokuvamile bathola imfundo eyengeziwe: ukuthuthukiswa jikelele - 63%, ukuxazulula izinkinga zamanje - 47% kanye nokuthola umsebenzi omusha - 40%. Kodwa uma ubhekisisa imininingwane, sizobona umehluko othile ekubekeni imigomo, kuye ngemfundo eyisisekelo onayo.
Phakathi kochwepheshe abanemfundo eyisisekelo ehlobene ne-IT, abangaba ngu-70% bathola imfundo eyengeziwe ukuze bathuthuke ngokujwayelekile, u-30% bathole umsebenzi omusha, u-15% ukuze bashintshe umkhakha wabo womsebenzi.
Futhi phakathi kochwepheshe abanemfundo engeyona eye-IT, ama-50% awokuthuthukisa jikelele, ama-50% awokuthola umsebenzi omusha, u-30% owokushintsha umkhakha wabo womsebenzi.
Kukhona futhi umehluko emqondweni wokuthola imfundo eyengeziwe, kuye ngokuthi insimu yamanje yomsebenzi wochwepheshe.
Ngosizo lwemfundo eyengeziwe, izinkinga zamanje zixazululwa kaningi kunezinye (50-66%) ekuphathweni nasekukhangiseni, kanye naku-HR, ukuphatha, ukuhlolwa nokusekelwa.
Bathola umsebenzi omusha kaningi kunabanye (50-67%) kokuqukethwe, i-front-end kanye nentuthuko yeselula.
Ngenxa yentshisekelo evamile, abantu abaningi (46-48%) bathatha izifundo zokuthuthukisa iselula negeyimu.
Ukuze bathole ukukhushulwa emsebenzini, abantu abaningi (30-36%) benza izifundo zokuthengisa, ukuphatha kanye ne-HR.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke (29-31%) ochwepheshe abaphambili, ukuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu nocwaningo lokumaketha ukuze bashintshe umkhakha wabo womsebenzi.
3. Imfundo eyengeziwe bathola kuziphi izici?
Kunengqondo ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi benza imfundo eyengeziwe emkhakheni wabo wamanje. Nokho, eqinisweni, abantu abaningi benza imfundo eyengeziwe hhayi kuphela emkhakheni abasebenza kuwo njengamanje.
Ngakho-ke, uma siqhathanisa inani lochwepheshe emkhakheni ngamunye nenani lalabo abenza imfundo kulo mkhakha, sizobona ukuthi laba bakamuva baningi ngokuphindwe kaningi kunangaphambili.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma u-24% wabaphenduli bekungabathuthukisi be-backend, khona-ke u-53% wabaphenduli bebehileleke emfundweni yasemuva. Kuso sonke isisebenzi sasemuva esisebenza ngokukhethekileyo, kunabantu abangu-1.2 abafunde i-backend kodwa okwamanje basebenza ngobukhethekile obuhlukile.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi inkambu ngayinye yezemfundo ibanzi futhi ijule kangakanani idingeka ngochwepheshe abavela kweminye imikhakha.
Okudume kakhulu, ngalo mqondo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-backend kanye ne-frontend: i-20% noma ngaphezulu yochwepheshe abavela kwezinye izindawo ezingu-9 baqaphele ukuthi bafunde kulezi zingcweti (okuqokonyiswe ngokuluhlaza, okuphuzi nokubomvu). Ukuphatha kuphuma endaweni yesibili - kube nesabelo esibalulekile ngokulinganayo sochwepheshe abavela kwezinye izindawo eziyisi-6. Abaphathi basendaweni yesithathu - ochwepheshe abavela kwezinye izindawo ezi-5 baphawulwe lapha.
Okukhethekile okungadumile kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi yi-HR nokusekelwa. Ngokuvamile azikho izindawo lapho u-20% noma ngaphezulu wochwepheshe bengabona ukuthi bafunde kulezi zindawo.
4. Yiziphi izimfanelo ezinikezwa imfundo eyengeziwe?
Sekukonke, kuma-60% ezimweni izifundo zemfundo azinikezi noma yiziphi iziqu ezintsha. Lokhu akumangazi uma sikhumbula ukuthi izisusa eziyinhloko zokuthola imfundo eyengeziwe ziwukuthuthukiswa okuvamile nokuxazulula izinkinga zamanje.
Ngemuva kwemfundo eyengeziwe, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke labafundi abancane (18%), abaqeqeshwayo (10%) kanye nabaphakathi (7%) bayavela. Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka kabanzi, sizobona umehluko omkhulu kakhulu ekutholweni kweziqu ezintsha, kuye ngendawo yokusebenza kochwepheshe be-IT.
Ngemuva kwezifundo, iningi labancane livela phambili kanye nentuthuko yeselula (33%), kanye nasekuhlolweni, ekukhangiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwegeyimu (20-25%).
Inani elikhulu labafundi abaqeqeshwayo bayathengiswa (27%) nabangaphambili (17%).
Iningi lama-middles liku-mobile development (11%) kanye nokuphatha (11%).
Imikhondo eminingi isekwakhiweni (10%) kanye ne-HR (10%).
Iningi labaphathi abakhulu bakwezokumaketha (13%) kanye nabaphathi (6%).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu abadala - ngezinombolo eziphawuleka kakhulu - abaqeqeshwanga ezifundweni zemfundo zanoma yiziphi izici ezikhethekile.
5. Okuncane mayelana nezikole zemfundo eyengeziwe
Abangaphezu kwesigamu bathathe izifundo ezikoleni ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Imibandela ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhetha izifundo ikharikhulamu (u-74% uphawule lesi simiso) kanye nefomethi yokuqeqeshwa (54%).
Njengoba sibonile ngenhla, u-65% walabo abathatha izifundo zemfundo eyengeziwe bazikhokhela okungenani kanye. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalabo abenza izifundo ezikhokhelwayo kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yalabo abathatha izifundo zamahhala bathola isitifiketi sokuqeda izifundo zabo. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi into eyinhloko yesitifiketi esinjalo ukuthi sibonwa ngumqashi.
Nakuba iningi liphawula ukuthi isikole semfundo eyengeziwe asizange sibasize ngalutho ekutholeni umsebenzi, u-23% walabo abathatha izifundo zamahhala kanye no-32% walabo abathatha izifundo ezikhokhelwayo baphawula ukuthi isikole sihlinzeka ngolwazi oludingekayo emsebenzini. . Isikole siphinde sinikeze ithuba lokwengeza amaphrojekthi kuphothifoliyo yakho noma ngisho nokuqasha abafundi baso ngokuqondile.
Engxenyeni yesibili yocwaningo lwethu, sizobheka ngokucophelela zonke izikole ezikhona njengamanje zemfundo yokwengeza ku-IT, sibone ukuthi yiziphi ezingcono kunezinye ekusizeni abaphothule emisebenzini nasemisebenzini, futhi sakhe isilinganiso sabo.
PS Obambe iqhaza ocwaningweni
Babalelwa ku-3700 abantu ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo:
- Abesilisa abangama-87%, abesifazane abangama-13%, isilinganiso seminyaka engama-27, uhhafu wabaphenduli abaneminyaka engama-23 kuye kwengama-30.
- U-26% uvela eMoscow, u-13% waseSt.
- U-67% ungabathuthukisi, u-8% ungabaphathi bezinhlelo, u-5% ungabahloli, u-4% ungabaphathi, u-4% ungabahlaziyi, u-3% ngabaklami.
- 35% ochwepheshe abaphakathi (phakathi), 17% ochwepheshe abancane (abancane), 17% ochwepheshe abakhulu (abaphezulu), 12% ochwepheshe abahamba phambili (abaholayo), abafundi abangu-7%, 4% ngamunye abaqeqeshwayo, abaphathi abaphakathi nabaphezulu.
- U-42% usebenza enkampanini encane ezimele, u-34% enkampanini enkulu ezimele, u-6% enkampanini kahulumeni, u-6% uzimele, u-2% unamabhizinisi awo, u-10% awusebenzi okwesikhashana.
Source: www.habr.com