Uma uvakashela noma yiliphi izwe, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi ezokuvakasha nokuthuthela kwelinye izwe.
Ukuhlakanipha kwabantu
Ezihlokweni ezedlule (, , ) sithinte isihloko sochwepheshe, ukuthi yini elindele umfundi osemncane futhi osaluhlaza lapho ethweswa iziqu, kanye naphakathi nezifundo zakhe eSwitzerland. Ingxenye elandelayo, elandela ngokunengqondo kwezintathu ezedlule, ukukhombisa nokukhuluma ngempilo yansuku zonke, mayelana и , eziye zanda ku-inthanethi (eziningi zazo eziwumbhedo), mayelana neSwitzerland, futhi zithinta ibhalansi yezindleko nemali engenayo.
Disclaimer: Kungani ngize ngaqala ukubhala lesi sihloko? Empeleni ziningi “izindaba zempumelelo” ku-Habré mayelana nendlela yokuhamba, kodwa kuncane kakhulu ngeqiniso okuzodingeka abhekane nalo umfuduki lapho efika. esinye sezibonelo ezimbalwa engizithandile, noma ngabe umbhali ebuka umhlaba ngezibuko ezinemibala egqamile, i-IMHO. Yebo, kukhona ongakuthola ebukhulu be-Google Amadokhumenti, ebuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngezeluleko ezihlakazekile, kodwa lokhu akunikezi isithombe esiphelele. Ngakho-ke ake sizame ukukuchaza!
Konke okushiwo ngezansi kuwumzamo wokuzindla ngeqiniso elizungezile, okungukuthi, kulesi sihloko ngithanda ukugxila emizweni yami evela endleleni ehanjiwe futhi ngihlanganyele engikubonile. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokhuthaza othile ukuthi athuthele eSwitzerland, futhi othile enze okungenani iSwitzerland yakhe encane egcekeni lakubo.
Ngakho-ke, ake sikhulume ngakho konke ngokuhlelekile, uzenze ukhululeke, kuzoba khona isikhathi eside.
Qaphela, kunethrafikhi eningi ngaphansi kokusikwa (~20 MB)!
Amaqiniso aziwayo mayelana neSwitzerland eyaziwa kancane
Iqiniso No. 1: ISwitzerland ingeyokuqala nokuphambili
Ngamanye amazwi, izinga lokuzimela kwama-canton ngamanye liphezulu kakhulu. Cishe njengase-USA, lapho umbuso ngamunye unezintela zawo, izinhlelo zawo zokwahlulela, nokunye, okuhlanganiswe ngemithetho ethile evamile.
"Ezombangazwe" ibalazwe Switzerland.
Yiqiniso, kukhona ama-cantons amafutha - i-Geneva (amabhange), i-Vaud (i-EPFL + ezokuvakasha), i-Zurich (izinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT), i-Basel (i-Roche ne-Novartis), i-Bern (lokhu ngokuvamile inkulu futhi ithuthuke kakhulu), futhi kukhona . ).
Iqiniso No. 2: ISwitzerland iyizwe lamaSoviet
ISwitzerland iqhutshwa imikhandlu, okuyilokho engikushoyo ngonyaka we-100 weNguquko. Yebo, yebo, uzwe kahle, igama lesiFulentshi elithi Conseil (iseluleko) nelithi Beratung lesiJalimane (iseluleko esinikezwayo, iziyalezo) empeleni ayimikhandlu efanayo yamasekela abantu ekuqaleni kuka-“October, Socialist, Yours!”
NB ngezithukuthezi: yebo, ngikuqonda kahle ukuthi mhlawumbe lokhu kudonsa isikhova embulungeni nasemuva kolwazi, kodwa izinhloso nezinjongo zoMkhandlu kanye neConseil zihambisana, okungukuthi ukuvumela izakhamuzi ezivamile ukuba zibambe iqhaza ezisekelweni zokuphatha kwabo. isifunda, idolobha, izwe futhi uqinisekise ukulandelana kwamandla.
Le mikhandlu ingamazinga amaningana: UMkhandlu wesifunda noma “wesigodi” - Conseil de Commune noma iGemeinde, njengoba bewubiza kanjalo. , UMkhandlu Wedolobha - Conseil de Ville, Canton Council - Conseil d'Etat), Canton Council - Conseil des Etats, Federal Council - . Owokugcina empeleni uhulumeni wobumbano. Ngokuvamile, kuneseluleko kuphela nxazonke. Lesi simo sezindaba safakwa kuMthethosisekelo kusukela ngo-1848 (kunjalo, uLenin ngaleso sikhathi wayemncane futhi enekhanda eligobile!).
I-L'Union soviétique noma i-L'Union des Conseils?Kimina kwakufana nebhawodi elivela esibhakabhakeni esicwathile sikaNovemba ngemva kweminyaka emi-5 ngihlala eSwitzerland. Ngandlela-thile, ngokungalindelekile, unyaka ka-1848 kanye nokuvakasha kokuqala "kwesikhulu" u-Ulyanov kwahlangana ekhanda lami. aka Lenin ngo-1895 ukuya eSwitzerland, i.e. Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka ngemva kokwakhiwa kwesimiso samaSoviet, futhi “amaSoviet” aka Conseils. Kodwa uLenin wahlala eSwitzerland eminye iminyaka emi-5 kusukela ngo-1905 kuya ku-1907 (emva kokudalwa. ) futhi kusukela ngo-1916 kuya ku-1917. Ngakho, u-Ilyich wayenesikhathi esanele (bese iminyaka engu-5 yayiyinkathi ye-wow-yeka!) Hhayi kuphela imisebenzi yokuguqula, kodwa futhi nokufunda uhlelo lwezombangazwe zendawo.
I-plaque yesikhumbuzo eya ku-"Führer" eZurich
Ngeke siqagele ngesihloko sokuthi ngabe uLenin noma omunye umguquli walethe "amaSoviet" eRussia noma ukuthi avela ngendlela yawo, nokho, lolu hlelo lwemikhandlu lwabonakala lusebenza kahle futhi ngemuva kweRevolution ka-Okthoba lwasetshenziswa. ensimini engalinyiwe "yezingcezu zombuso wentando yeningi", kuhlanganise nabantu abavamile: abalimi, amatilosi, abasebenzi namasosha.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kwezwe lamaSoviet ngo-1922, isimo sase-USSR savela ebalazweni, okuyinto, ngokungavamile, nayo. Con-umfelandawonye, kanye nendatshana ekhuluma ngokuhlukana kwasetshenziswa kalula ngamaRiphabhulikhi wezinyunyana ngeminyaka yama-90s. Ngakho ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ubona kukhulunywa khona (ngemuva kwakho konke, isiFulentshi siwulimi lwezingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe ngisho nanamuhla) noma iSoviet Union, cabanga ukuthi yayiyiSoviet kangaka, noma mhlawumbe iL'Union des Conceils?!
Iphuzu layo yonke le mikhandlu ukunikeza umphakathi wonke weNhlangano ilungelo lokubamba iqhaza empilweni yezombangazwe yezwe futhi, eqinisweni, intando yeningi eqondile. Ngakho-ke, osopolitiki ngokuvamile kufanele bahlanganise umsebenzi ovamile nendima kuhulumeni wasekhaya, okungukuthi, ohlotsheni oluthile loMkhandlu.
Nasi isibonelo esisodwa sabazokhethwa: umpheki ( cusinier ), umshayeli, udokotela wamazinyo kanye nosebenza ngogesi.
Kungihlaba umxhwele ukuthi amaSwitzerland anesibopho hhayi kuphela “ngegceke” lawo, kodwa futhi abambe iqhaza ngokuqaphela empilweni yedolobhana nedolobha, futhi anohlobo oluthile lomthwalo wemfanelo ongaphakathi kanye/noma okhulisiwe.
Iqiniso #3: Uhlelo lwezepolitiki lwaseSwitzerland luhlukile
Kusukela eqinisweni 2 kulandela ukuthi iSwitzerland ingenye yamazwe ambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni lapho intando yeningi eqondile ingenzeka futhi isebenza. Yebo, amaSwitzerland athanda kakhulu ukuveza intando yawo nganoma yisiphi isenzakalo - kusukela ekusebenziseni izikhali ukuze akhulule ama-avalanche ukuya ekwakheni izindlu ngokhonkolo noma ngokhuni olunobungani bemvelo (eSwitzerland kunezintaba, kunenqwaba yezinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa lokhu kuthiwa kubulala ubuhle bemvelo, futhi ngokuvamile: kubukeka ngendlela embi, kodwa ngesihlahla "esihle" sasishubile).
Into esemqoka lapha - esiphithiphithini sokulwela ukuvota emhlabeni wonke kanye nomhlaba wonke - ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 bahlala eSwitzerland futhi ukuhlela ivoti kunoma yiluphi udaba kuwumsebenzi olula uma kuqhathaniswa. Futhi kulula ukuqoqa izibalo - thumela i-imeyili nephasiwedi yakho yokungena bese usuqedile.
Lena yindlela ebukeka ngayo isistimu yokuqoqa izibalo. Ukuze uvote, kusamele uye wena ezikhungweni zokuvota, kodwa izakhamuzi kuphela ezinelungelo lokuvota.
Ngendlela, lokhu kulula kakhulu futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize idatha yezibalo elula njalo ngonyaka. Isibonelo, idatha yezibalo zeminyaka yokugcina ye-150 yomlando waseSwitzerland .
Iqiniso #4: Ukubuthelwa empini kuyimpoqo eSwitzerland
Kodwa-ke, insizakalo ngokwayo ayiyona into edonsayo, eqhubeka nokukhokha isikweletu somuntu ku-Motherland kusukela ocingweni kuze kube kushona ilanga, kodwa ikamu lezempilo eliyisibopho lamadoda afinyelela eminyakeni engama-45 ubudala. Ngempela, iminyaka yokuqala engu-40 yobuntwana inzima kakhulu ekuphileni kwendoda! Ngisho nomqashi akanalo ilungelo lokwenqaba uma umsebenzi ebizelwa ekamu lokuqeqesha, futhi isikhathi esichithiwe (imvamisa amaviki angu-1-2) sizokhokhwa ngokugcwele.
Kungani ikamu lezempilo? Amasosha aya ekhaya ngezimpelasonto futhi asebenze ngokuqinile ngehora. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngolunye usuku entathakusa indiza idunwa ezweni elingumakhelwane lase-Italy futhi yathunyelwa eGeneva, kwaqondana (usuku lokusebenza kusukela ngo-8 ekuseni kuya ku-6 ntambama kanye nekhefu kusukela ngo-12 kuya ku-13 ntambama) ibutho laseSwitzerland. .
Kunenganekwane ephikelelayo yokuthi wonke amaSwitzerland anikezwa izikhali zokugoduka nawo ngemva kokukhonza ebuthweni. Akuwona wonke umuntu, kodwa kuphela kulabo abayifunayo futhi abangayinikezwa (okungukuthi, mahhala), kodwa bayithenga emuva ngamanani amancane, futhi kunezidingo zokugcina, hhayi nje ngaphansi kombhede. Kodwa-ke, ungadubula ngalesi sikhali endaweni yokudubula uma wazi ama-servicemen.
kusukela : Cishe ngo-2008, bayeka ukukhipha izikhali kuwo wonke umuntu. Izidingo zesitoreji esikhethekile (ibhawodi elihlukile) zisebenza kuphela ezikhalini ezizenzakalelayo, i.e. phakathi nesevisi esebenzayo. Ngemva kwebutho, isibhamu siguqulwa sibe yi-semi-automatic futhi singagcinwa njengezinye izikhali ("ayitholakali kubantu besithathu"). Ngenxa yalokho, amasosha amatasa anesibhamu esitobhini sesambulela emnyango, futhi ibhawodi ilele edroweni ledeski.
Ireferendamu yakamuva (bheka iqiniso No. 3) izobophezela uhulumeni wobumbano ukuthi asebenzise izindinganiso zaseYurophu zokuphatha izikhali, okungukuthi, empeleni zizoqinisa impahla yazo.
Kwesobunxele: Isibhamu Sebutho LaseSwitzerland (amandla okubulala), kwesokudla: ukwaneliseka kokudubula ku-B-1-4 (uma wazi ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthini) aka
Iqiniso No. 5: ISwitzerland ayilona nje ushizi, ushokoledi, imimese namawashi
Abantu abaningi, lapho bezwa igama elithi Switzerland, bacabanga ngoshizi (i-Gruyère, i-Ementhaler noma i-Tilsiter), ushokoledi (imvamisa i-Toblerone, ngoba ithengiswa kuwo wonke ama-duty free), ummese wamasosha kanye newashi elibiza kakhulu.
Uma ucabanga ukuthenga iwashi (lokhu kuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo efana ne-Tissot, i-Balmain, i-Hamilton nezinye), bese kuthi kuze kufike ku-1 francs, cishe wonke amawashi enziwa kumafekthri afanayo futhi ukugcwaliswa kwawo wonke amawashi kucishe kufane. Kusukela ebangeni eliphezulu kuphela (Rado, Longines) kwenza okungenani "ama-chips" avele.
Eqinisweni, ukuhleleka komhlaba eSwitzerland kufana nokuthi ubuchwepheshe buyenziwa futhi buthuthukiswe ngaphakathi kwezwe, bese buthunyelwa busuka ezweni, ngoba izwe limpofu ngezinsiza. Izibonelo ezidume kakhulu yi-Nestlé milk powder kanye ne-Oerlikon rifled barrels () lapho i-Wehrmacht kanye ne-Kriegsmarine bahlonyiswa ngayo phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izwe linezalo (I-ABB - amandla, i-EM Microelectronic - RFID, amakhadi ahlakaniphile, ukugxusha iwashi elihlakaniphile, nokunye ngokusho kohlu lomkhiqizo), ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi nemihlangano, umhlangano wayo wesitimela (i-double-decker , ngokwesibonelo, iqoqwe ngaphansi kwe-Villeneuve) futhi yehlisa uhlu. Futhi ngizothula ngobuhlakani mayelana neqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enhle yemboni yemithi itholakala eSwitzerland (iLonza eqoqweni elisha eSierre, Roche naseNovartis eBasel nasezindaweni ezizungezile, iDeBioPharm eLausanne naseMartin.и (Martigny) kanye neziqalo eziningi nezinkampani ezincane).
Iqiniso No. 6: I-Switzerland iyi-kaleidoscope yesimo sezulu
ISwitzerland inakho enamazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku-30 C, kuneyawo iSochi (Montreux, Montreux), lapho izihlahla zesundu ezivuthuluka zikhula kahle futhi imihlambi yamadada iklaba, kukhona “izingwadule” zazo (Valais), lapho umswakama womoya usukela ku-10 kuye ku-30. % unyaka wonke, futhi inani lezinsuku zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka lidlula ama-320, futhi kukhona neSt. Petersburg, njengeGeneva (ene и ) noma iZurich.
Sibheke ngabomvu kuNyaka Omusha: kusafudumele e-Montreux, futhi sekuvele kuneqhwa ezintabeni.
Kuyahlekisa, iSwitzerland idume ngezindawo zayo zokushushuluza eqhweni, kodwa amadolobha amaningi awatholi iqhwa eliningi, ngakho ngokuvamile awalisusi iqhwa, kodwa avule indlela yezimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo - alinda ukuba lincibilike. Imigwaqo emikhulu, vele, kufanele ihlanzwe kuqala, kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni kosuku lokusebenza. Manje ake ucabange ngedolobha eliyingxenye yesigidi, njengeZurich, ngesikhathi se-apocalypses ...
Isibonelo ukukhithika kweqhwa eZion ngoDisemba 2017 - ukuwa okuphelele. Ngisho nesiteji sesiteshi sahlanzwa izinsuku ezimbalwa. IZiyoni yaba neshwa kabili ngo-2017-2018 - okokuqala eyakhe , wabe eseminza ehlobo. Ngisho nelabhorethri yethu yonakala. Futhi ake ngikucele ukuthi uqaphele, akukho Sobyanin.
E-Switzerland, yonke into isebenza njengewashi elinembile, kodwa lapho nje likhithika, liphenduka libe yi-Italy. (c) ungumphathi wami.
Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izindlu kukhona umuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlanza indawo yendawo, ngokuvamile i-concierge, kunemishini yokuhlanza elula (isibonelo, ). Emadolobheni, izakhamuzi ezinezimoto ezinkulu zine-blade ekhethekile yalokhu. Hlanza yonke into kuze kufike ku-asphalt noma amathayili, ngaphandle kwalokho izoncibilika emini bese iqhwa ebusuku. Yini evimbela abantu base-Russia ukuthi bangahlangani futhi bahlele amayadi abo, noma ukuthenga isivuna esincane (~30k ruble) ngalezi zinhloso, kuseyimpicabadala kimi.
Indaba yendawo yokupaka eyodwa eRussiaKwenzekile ukuthi eminyakeni engu-8 edlule nginemoto, ngangiyithanda futhi ngiphatha ifosholo, engangivame ukumba izindawo zami zokupaka. Ngakho-ke osukwini olungu-1 kude negceke elimpofu (ama-SUV asuka e-Mazda nase-Tuaregs ayinjwayelo) ngimbe izindawo zokupaka ezingu-4 emini eyodwa.
Njengoba nje ebuhlotsheni, yonke into ayinqunywa ukuthi ubani ukweleta bani, kodwa ngalokho okwenzile ukuze kube lula kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele. Kufanele uqale ngawe! Futhi abakwaTuareg basagida amathrekhi abo egcekeni nasendaweni yokupaka...
Iqiniso No. 7: “Inhlonipho” yendawo yonke
Awungitshele iqiniso, ugcine nini ukuthi “sawubona ntambama” nokuthi “ngiyabonga” kubasebenzi benkonzo? Futhi eSwitzerland lokhu kuwumkhuba ofanayo nokuhogela umoya nokuwukhipha umoya, oqina emizaneni emincane. Isibonelo, lapha cishe wonke umuntu kuzodingeka athi bonjour / guten Tag / buongiorno (sawubona ntambama) ekuqaleni kwengxoxo, merci / Danke / gracie (ngiyabonga) ngemva kwenkonzo ethile kanye ne-bonne journée / Tschüss / ciao (ube nokuhle day) lapho uvalelisa. Futhi kuma-haikkas, wonke umuntu ohlangana naye uzothi sawubona - kuyamangalisa!
Futhi lena akuyona “i-hawai” yaseMelika, lapho umuntu ephethe imbazo ndawana thize esifubeni ukuze ayigawule ngokushesha nje lapho ufulathela. E-Switzerland, njengoba izwe lincane futhi kuze kube muva nje linabantu abaningi "basemaphandleni", wonke umuntu uyabingelela, nakuba ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ngobuqotho kakhulu kunase-USA.
Kodwa-ke, ungadukiswa umoya wokungenisa izihambi nomusa wamaSwitzerland. Ake nginikhumbuze ukuthi izwe linemithetho eqinile yokwenziwa kwemvelo, ehlanganisa impilo yokusebenza, ulwazi lolimi, kanye nezivivinyo. Ngomusa ngaphandle, ubuzwe obuncane ngaphakathi.
Iqiniso No. 8: Idolobhana laseSwitzerland liphila kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo
Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa kuyiqiniso: eSwitzerland, idolobhana aligcini nje ngokufa, kodwa futhi liyakhula futhi landa kahle. Iphuzu lapha alikho nge-ecology kanye notshani obuluhlaza okugadula kuzo izimbuzi nezinkomo, kodwa ngokwezomnotho kuphela. Njengoba i-Switzerland iyinhlangano yomfelandawonye, izintela (ikakhulukazi, intela yeholo lomuntu siqu) zikhokhwa lapha emazingeni angu-3: umphakathi (idolobhana/idolobha), i-canton (“isifunda”) kanye nenhlangano. I-federal iyafana kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha "ukukhwabanisa" - ngomqondo omuhle wegama - nezinye ezimbili kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise kakhulu intela uma umndeni uhlala "esigodini".
Sizokhuluma ngezintela ngokuningiliziwe engxenyeni elandelayo, kodwa okwamanje ngizoqaphela ukuthi uma eLausanne, okungukuthi, umuntu ehlala edolobheni, umthwalo wentela onemibandela ngu- ~ 25% ngomuntu ngamunye, bese kuba ngedolobhana elithile elilahlwe uNkulunkulu. i-canton efanayo ye-Vaud, isibonelo, i-Mollie-Margot izoba ~ 15-17%. Kuyacaca ukuthi akuwona wonke lo mehluko ongawufaka ephaketheni lakho, njengoba kuzomele unakekele umuzi ngokwakho, ugunda utshani, ukhokhele imoto uhambe uyosebenza edolobheni, kodwa amanani ezindlu aphansi, ukudla kuphelile. abakhule emapulazini, futhi izingane zinenkululeko yokuzulazula ezimfeni.
Futhi yebo, banesimo sengqondo esiyinqaba kakhulu ngomshado. Kwesinye isikhathi izintela emndenini ongenazo izingane zingadlula kakhulu intela kumuntu oyedwa, ngakho-ke abaseSwitzerland abajahi kangako ukugijimela ehhovisi lendawo lokubhalisa. Ngoba umnotho kumele ube ukonga. Baze babamba nereferendamu ngalolu daba. Kodwa mayelana nezintela engxenyeni elandelayo.
Uhlelo lwezokuthutha
Ngokuvamile, kulula ukuhamba uzungeze iSwitzerland kokubili ngemoto nangezithuthi zomphakathi. Izikhathi zokuhamba zivame ukuqhathaniswa.
Izitimela kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi
Ngokudabukisayo, ezweni elincane njengeSwitzerland (indawo incane ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunesifunda saseTver futhi iqhathaniswa nesifunda saseMoscow), inethiwekhi yokuthutha ujantshi ithuthukiswe kakhulu. Ake sengeze kulokhu amabhasi e-PostAuto, angenzi nje kuphela ukuhamba phakathi kwamadolobhana akude, kodwa futhi alethe imeyili ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, ungathola kusuka cishe noma kuphi ezweni uye kunoma iyiphi enye.
Izitimela zaseSwitzerland ziyizitimela ezimatasa kakhulu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi ama-double-deckers
Ukuze uhlele umzila wakho, vele ubonise iziteshi zokusuka nezindawo oya kuzo kuhlelo lwe-SBB. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule yabuyekezwa ngokuphawulekayo, ukusebenza kwandiswa, futhi yaba umsizi omkhulu lapho uhamba ezweni lonke.
Amagama ambalwa ngomlando we-SBBKudala, iSwitzerland yayinezinkampani eziningi ezizimele ezazakha, zisebenza futhi zilawula ukuhamba kwabagibeli nezimpahla phakathi kwamadolobha. Kodwa-ke, i-orgy of capitalism (kwezinye izindawo abakwazanga ukuvumelana phakathi kwabo, kwezinye izithelo ezikhuphukayo, njalonjalo) yaphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX ngokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokuxhumanisa isimo sombuso - SBB, okwathi ngokushesha. isindise "abanikazi abaphumelelayo" ezinkingeni eziningi kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu , ukwenza kube buzwe bonke abathwali besitimela.
Namuhla, izinsalela zangaphambili "zokunethezeka" zingabonwa ngobuningi bezinkampani "ezingaphansi" ezisebenza kwezokuthutha (i-MOB, i-BLS, njll.) futhi ezipenda ngisho nezitimela ngemibala ehlukene komunye nomunye. Kodwa-ke, basebenza kuphela ngezinto zokuhamba zasendaweni, futhi i-SBB isabusa yonke into emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngingathanda ngokushesha ukudweba ukufana: I-SBB iyi-analogue ye-Russian Railways yaseRussia, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. I-SBB “iwubuchopho obunamandla” obudalelwe ukunqanda nokuphatha abathwali besifunda ngabanye, kuyilapho i-Russian Railways inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lapho izimoto zisebenza khona ngabanye, amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngabanye, kanye nethrekhi ngabanye. Ngakho-ke, ngokubona kwami, izinkinga zokuxhumana kwethu nololiwe.
Ezokuthutha eSwitzerland zibiza ngendlela emangalisayo. Uma umane uthenge amathikithi emshinini ngaphandle kwamaqhinga akhethekile, ungagcina ungenayo ibhulukwe ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama! Isibonelo, ithikithi elisuka e-Lausanne liya e-Zurich lizobiza ama-franc angu-75 ekilasini lesibili indlela eyodwa amahora angu-2, ngakho-ke cishe sonke isibalo sabantu baseSwitzerland sinamathikithi esizini (AG, ukudlula kwesifunda, i-demi-tariff, njalo njalo). Abangane abasebenzela i-SBB bathi inani lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathikithi lifinyelela enkulungwaneni! Kanye nesicelo se-SBB, kwethulwa ikhadi le-RFID jikelele - , okungelona kuphela uhlobo lwe-elekthronikhi lwamakhadi okuhamba, kodwa ongalisebenzisa ukuze uhlenge ithikithi elivamile noma ithikithi lokuphakamisa ukushushuluza. Ngokuvamile, elula kakhulu!
I-hypothesis mayelana nezindleko zamathikithi noma i-demi-tariff ihlangene ngani nakhoI-IMHO, SBB yenza umnyakazo we-knight: ibala izindleko zekhefu-ngisho zamathikithi, yengeza u-10% wawo, bese iphindaphinda ngo-2 ukuze abantu bathenge leli khadi le-demi-tariff ngama-franc angu-180 ngonyaka. Makuthengiswe isigidi esingu-1 salawa makhadi ngonyaka (inani labantu ~ 8 million), ngoba amanye ahamba ngamaphasi esifunda, amanye ngo-AG. Sekukonke, sinama-franc ayizigidi eziyi-180 ngaphandle kokuluhlaza.
Lesi simo sibuye sisekelwe yiqiniso lokuthi ngo-2017 i-SBB yaqala ukusebenza , ezasatshalaliswa kubanikazi bamakhadi ahlukahlukene e-SBB ngendlela yamabhonasi, futhi asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izindleko zamathikithi ngaphandle kwamahora aphakeme.
Kunezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zesaphulelo zentsha, isibonelo, i-Voie 7 noma i-Gleis 7 - kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-25 (kufanele ufake isicelo sokuvuselela usuku olungu-1 ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokuzalwa), ungakwazi uku-oda leli khadi ngo-~150-170 ngaphezu kwe- ikhadi lenani elinguhhafu (i-demi-tariff). Kukunika ilungelo lokuhamba kuzo zonke izitimela (amabhasi, imikhumbi kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi azifakiwe) ngemva kuka-7pm (yebo, 19-uziro-ziro,Karl! 18-59 ayibali!). Indlela ekahle yokuthi umfundi ahambe ezweni lonke.
Nokho, ngenkathi kubhalwa lesi sihloko, leli mephu futhi sethule enye, i-Seven25, izindleko zayo ezikhuphuke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SBB isabalalisa emiphakathini aka amadolobha namadolobhana analokho okubizwa ngamathikithi osuku (i-carte journaliere). Umhlali ngamunye womkhandlu othile unelungelo lamathikithi amaningana anjalo unyaka wonke. Izindleko, inani kanye nokwenzeka kokuthenga kwehlukile kumasipala ngamunye futhi kuncike enanini labahlali.
kusukela : kuncike kuphela enanini labahlali (elitholakala esidlangalaleni kuwebhusayithi ye-SBB), futhi abahlali bomkhandlu banquma ngokwabo emhlanganweni omkhulu ukuthi babambe iqhaza noma cha, futhi uma bebamba iqhaza, bese bethi malini ukuze balidayisele abahlali babo ithikithi. .
Izibonelo ze-carte journaliere nokuthi ungayithola kanjaniEsigodini saseGeneve (idolobha elikhulu) amathikithi angama-20-30 azotholakala nsuku zonke, kodwa abiza ama-CHF angama-45, abiza kakhulu.
Esigodini sase-Préverenges (isigodi) kuzoba namathikithi anjalo angu-1-2 ngosuku, kodwa azobiza ama-franc angu-30-35.
Futhi, izidingo zemibhalo yokuthengwa kwalezi zinguquko ukusuka kumphakathi kuya kumphakathi: kwezinye izindawo i-ID yanele, kodwa kwezinye udinga ukuqinisekisa iqiniso lokuhlala ekhelini, isibonelo, ulethe umthethosivivinywa ovela emandleni. inkampani noma ngocingo.
Isitimela se-Belle époque kulayini we-Golden Pass phakathi kwe-Montreux ne-Lucerne
Futhi yebo, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi yonke i-SBB iyadlula, ngaphandle kokungavamile, ihlanganisa ukuthutha kwamanzi, okugcwele kuwo wonke amachibi aseSwitzerland. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, iminyaka embalwa manje besihamba ngomkhumbi eLake Geneva noshizi newayini emikhunjini ewubukhazikhazi ye-Belle époque.
Inothi labaqambi bozungu (mayelana neHuawei)Kunjalo, ukuze uhlole amathikithi udinga umfundi. Umfundi jikelele kunazo zonke - NFC in a smartphone. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, bonke abaqhubi besitimela babephethe ama-smartphones e-Samsung, bathi behlisa isivinini futhi ngezinye izikhathi bavele baqhwale, futhi "kumshayeli wemoto" kwakufana nokufa - hhayi ukubuka isimiso, noma ukusiza. abadinga ukudluliselwa. Ngenxa yalokho, siyishintshele kuHuawei - yonke into isebenza kahle, ayinciphisi, uma wazi ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthini...
Futhi nangaphandle kwamanethiwekhi e-5G...
Umkhumbi we-Belle époque phakathi kwe-Montreux ne-Lausanne
Eminye imikhumbi isenayo injini yesitimu ngaphakathi!
Yize i-SBB ithuthuka ngesivinini esimangalisayo (ingqalasizinda entsha, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, kufaka phakathi amabhodi wamaphuzu - maduze nje ngeke kusaba khona ama-flipping amadala, isitimela esisha esinezitezi ezimbili e-Valais, njalo njalo), i-anachronism ebonakalayo isasele, kanye ne-ultra. -yesimanje ingase ihambisane ne-ultra-old. Isibonelo, izitimela ezikhethekile zabalandeli, abalandeli abavela kuma-70s "ezinezindlu zangasese zohlobo lwamandla adonsela phansi" (c). Ngisho nezinye izitimela ezisuka eZurich ziya eChur (IC3) zifana ncamashi nalena, ingasaphathwa eya eDavos, lapho ezinye izimoto zindala kanti ezinye ezesimanjemanje.
Amaqhinga nama-hacks wempilo avela ku-SBB kubafundi abalalelisisayo
- Uma uhamba eSwitzerland ekilasini lesibili futhi udinga ukusebenza, noma kunabantu abaningi futhi ufuna "ukuphefumula," uvele uhlale emotweni yokudlela, u-oda ubhiya noma ikhofi ngama-franc angu-6 futhi ujabulele induduzo. Ngeshwa, emigqeni ye-IC kuphela, hhayi yonke. Eqinisweni, ingxenye yalesi sihloko yabhalwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezinjalo.
- I-SBB inohlelo , lapho ungathenga kokubili ithikithi kanye ne-ski pass ngentengo encishisiwe. Empeleni, kuze kube muva nje isebenza ngamakhadi okuhamba ahlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-AG. Eqinisweni, -10-15% yenani lokudlula eqhweni.
- Emgwaqeni weGoldenPass (MOB) kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamakalishi: ejwayelekile, panoramic kanye ne-Belle époque. Kungcono ukukhetha ezimbili zokugcina noma umane Belle époque.
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-SBB lulungele kakhulu ukuthenga amathikithi. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi namahora aphakeme eziteshini kuba nomugqa emshinini wamathikithi, futhi ukuba khona kwesicelo esinjalo kuwusizo olukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ungathengela ithikithi noma ubani ohamba nawe.
Imoto uma iqhathaniswa nezithuthi zomphakathi
Lona ngumbuzo oshisayo futhi cishe ayikho impendulo elula kuwo. Ngokwezibalo zenani, ukuba nemoto kubiza kakhulu: ama-franc angu-3 ngonyaka ku-AG wesigaba sesibili, futhi isiminyaminya sezimoto sivame ukwenzeka (isibonelo, ebusika wonke umuntu uhamba nama-skis ukusuka e-Valais ukuya e-Lausanne nase-Geneva, isiminyaminya sezimoto sifinyelela ku-500 -20 km) noma ezinye izinhlekelele, njengaseZermatt ebusika buka-30/2017 (ngenxa yama-avalanches, ithrafikhi yayikhubazeke ngokuphelele isonto lonke).
Ngemoto: khokhela umshwalense (ofana ne-OSAGO, i-CASCO, umshwalense we-TUV, ohlinzeka ngosizo lobuchwepheshe, njll.), phonsa imali ethile kuphethiloli, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okuncane kuphenduka imfuno kanye nokumosha isabelomali.
Futhi yebo, iseluleko sabahambi: lapho ungena eSwitzerland, udinga ukuthenga okuthiwa i-vignette (~40 francs), okukunikeza ilungelo lokuhamba emigwaqweni emikhulu phakathi nonyaka wekhalenda - uhlobo lwentela yomgwaqo. Uma ungena ngalo mgwaqo onguthelawayeka, lungiselela ukuthi bazokuphoqa ukuthi uthenge i-vignette khona kanye lapho kungenwa khona. Ngakho-ke, uma uqasha imoto eFrance futhi wanquma ukuma eGeneva usuku, kungcono ukuthola umgwaqo omncane ukuwela umngcele.
Nokho, ngingagqamisa izigaba ezintathu lapho impendulo icacile:
- Abafundi nabafundi abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-25 ubudala, okuthi ngama-franc angu-350 banamakhadi amabili (i-demi-tariff ne-voie7) futhi abangahamba kalula phakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu.
- Abantu abangashadile abahlala futhi basebenze emadolobheni amakhulu. Okungukuthi, akudingeki bahambe baye futhi babuye emsebenzini nsuku zonke besuka endaweni ethile eqhelile, lapho ibhasi lifika izikhathi ezimbalwa ekuseni futhi izikhathi ezimbalwa kusihlwa.
- Ushadile nezingane - okungenani imoto eyodwa emndenini ngamunye iyadingeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umngane wami eGeneva uthole imoto ngoba ukuzungeza phakathi nedolobha ngezithuthi zomphakathi kudla isikhathi, futhi kulula ukufika emsebenzini emizuzwini eyi-15 emgwaqeni oyindandatho.
Futhi muva nje, bayanda abagibeli bamabhayisikili, ama-scooterists namabhayisikili emigwaqweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukupaka izithuthuthu/izithuthuthu kuvamise ukuba mahhala futhi empeleni ziningi ezihlakazekile edolobheni.
Ezokungcebeleka nokuzijabulisa
Ungazijabulisa kanjani ngesikhathi esimatasa kangaka, kodwa esikhululekile emsebenzini? Sinjani isimo ngezokungcebeleka ngokujwayelekile?
Uhlelo lwamasiko: amathiyetha, iminyuziyamu, amakhonsathi kanye nesinema
Ake siqale ngento esemqoka - i-dialectics yempilo yamasiko yaseSwitzerland. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izwe litholakala enkabeni yeYurophu ezimpambanweni zemizila esuka e-Italy iye eJalimane futhi isuka eFrance iye e-Austria, okungukuthi, abaculi bayo yonke imivimbo nezizwe bangadlula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Swiss ayizincibilikisi: ama-franc angu-50-100 wethikithi lomcimbi inani elijwayelekile, njengokuya endaweni yokudlela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe ngokwayo incane - izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-8 kuphela (~ amakhasimende angaba yizigidi ezingu-2-3). Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kunemicimbi eminingi yamasiko, kodwa ngokuvamile kunamakhonsathi angu-1-2 noma amakhonsathi emadolobheni amakhulu (Geneva, Bern, Zurich, Basel) kulo lonke elaseSwitzerland.
Lokhu kulandela ukuthi amaSwitzerland athanda “imisebenzi yezandla” yawo, njengekhonsathi yabafundi , ebanjwa e-EPFL, noma zonke izinhlobo zemikhosi (ifestivali yasentwasahlobo, uSuku Luka-St. Patrick, njll.), lapho amakhonsathi asendaweni angafundile (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ne-virtuoso) eba nengxenye.
Ngeshwa, imisebenzi yezandla yamasiko endawo efana nethiyetha, ngokwesibonelo, ingeyekhwalithi nezakhiwo eziqondile - komfundi oyimfundamakhwela nochwepheshe bolimi.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nemicimbi enemininingwane yaseSwitzerland, njengomculo we-organ e-Lausanne Cathedral enezinkulungwane zamakhandlela okhanyisiwe. Umcimbi walolu hlobo umahhala, noma ithikithi lokungena libiza cishe ama-franc angu-10-15.
3700 amakhandlela, Nokho.
Njengoba isiko laseSwitzerland liyisiko labalimi (abalimi, abelusi) kanye nezingcweti ezihlukahlukene, izenzakalo lapha zifanelekile. Isibonelo, ukwehla nokukhuphuka kwezinkomo ezintabeni, imihume idlula (izinsuku zama-cellars avulekile abenzi bewayini) noma umkhosi omkhulu wokwenza iwayini - (eyokugcina ibisendaweni ethile ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90s, futhi manje izoba ngoJulayi 2019).
Ukwehla kwekwindla kwezinkomo ezivela ezintabeni ezisesigodini saseNeuchatel
Ngezinye izikhathi izenzakalo ezinjalo ziphela ebusuku
Kukhona iminyuziyamu, kodwa izinga lawo liphinde lishiye okuningi okufanele lifiswe. Isibonelo, ungahamba uzungeze umnyuziyamu wonodoli ose-Basel emahoreni ambalwa, futhi ithikithi libiza cishe ama-franc ayi-10.
Ikilasi lama-alchemists amancane ePuppet Museum e-Basel
Futhi uma ufuna ukuya futhi uvakashele iminyuziyamu ye-mineralogical kanye ne-zoological, imnyuziyamu yemali, imnyuziyamu yomlando we-cantonal, futhi uhloniphe imnyuziyamu yobuciko, lapho-ke kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-franc angama-35. kusukela : kanye ngenyanga ungavakashela iminyuziyamu ehlukahlukene mahhala (okungenani eLausanne).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sakhiwo sinomtapo wolwazi weYunivesithi yaseLausanne, ngakho-ke ungacabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwe "Hermitage" olulindele wena. Ngakho-ke, uma kuyimyuziyamu enqabeni, akufanele ulinde ama-tapestries ekhulu le-14; uma kuyimyuziyamu yezinhlamvu zemali, akufanele ulinde ukuqoqwa kwe-Armory Chamber noma i-Diamond Fund, kungcono gxila ezingeni lemnyuziyamu yendawo.
I-Ryumin Palace endaweni yaseRipon eLausanne.
Yebo, i-Lausanne ibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha yama-Olympic, i-IOC, izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe nokunye zikhona lapha, futhi ngokufanele, kukhona imnyuziyamu yama-Olympic lapho ungabona khona ukuthi, isibonelo, izibani ziye zashintsha kanjani phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule noma zizizwa kanjani. i-nostalgic ye-Mishka-80.
Ama-Olympics Omhlaba e-Lausanne
Kafushane mayelana nefilimu. Kuhle ukuthi amafilimu avame ukukhonjiswa ngokukopishwa kwangempela kanye nemibhalo engezansi ngolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni zase-Switzerland.
Umphakathi waseRussia nemicimbi
Ngendlela, muva nje baqale ukuthutha abaculi baseRussia namafilimu aseRussia ngobuningi (ngesikhathi esithile baletha uLeviyathani kanye noFool nge-dubbing yesiRashiya). Uma inkumbulo yami ingisebenzela kahle, khona-ke i-ballet yaseRussia yalethwa nakanjani eGeneva.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi omkhulu waseRussia uvame ukuhlela imicimbi yawo: lezi zihlanganisa imidlalo ethi "Yini? Kuphi? Nini?”, I-Mafia, namahholo okufundisa (isibonelo, ), kanye nemicimbi efana ne-“Immortal Regiment”, ehlelwe amavolontiya ngokusekelwa umnyango we-consular, “Total Dictation” kanye “ne-Soladsky Halt” ngo .
Futhi, kunamaqembu amaningi ku-FB naku-VK (ngezinye izikhathi anezethameli ezifika kubantu abayi-10), lapho isimiso sokuzihlanganisa sisebenza: uma ufuna ukuhlangana, ukuhlangana, ukuhlela umcimbi, ubeka usuku. kanye nesikhathi. Kwafika owayefuna. Ngokuvamile, kukho konke ukunambitheka nombala.
Ukuzijabulisa kwangaphandle kwesizini
Hhayi-ke, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzijabulise ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka e-Switzerland ngaphandle kwemibuthano yamasiko.
Ukuqala konyaka ubusika. Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, iSwitzerland idume ngezindawo zayo zokungcebeleka eqhweni, okukhona kuzo eziningi ezihlakazeke kuzo zonke izintaba ze-Alps. Kunemithambeka emincane kakhulu engama-20-30 km, okulingana nokuphakanyiswa okukodwa noma okubili, futhi kukhona ama-giants amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana anenqwaba yamakheshi, njengezigodi ezi-4 (kuhlanganise nezidumile. ), iSaas Valley (edume kakhulu phakathi kwabo yi ), noma okunye .
Imvamisa izindawo zokungcebeleka eqhweni zivulwa ekupheleni kukaDisemba, ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, kuya ngenani leqhwa eliwile, ngakho-ke cishe zonke izimpelasonto kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ekupheleni kukaFebruwari zinikelwa ukushushuluza e-alpine, i-snow shoeing, kanye ne-cheesecake skiing (aka tubing) nezinye izinjabulo zezintaba nobusika.
I-Villars-sur-Gryon ngemva nje kwezinsuku ezimbili zokukhithika kweqhwa
Phela, akekho oye wakhansela ukushushuluza okuvamile okuwela izwe (kukhona ithrekhi yamahhala noma cishe yamahhala cishe kuwo wonke amadolobhana asezintabeni), kanye ne-ice skating (ezinye ezintabeni, kanti ezinye ezigodlweni zeqhwa emadolobheni ngokwawo) .
Amanani osuku olulodwa lokushushuluza eqhweni asukela ku-30 (izindawo zokungcebeleka ezincane noma okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo) kuya cishe kuma-franc ayikhulu (ama-98 azolingana ncamashí ne-Zermatt nethuba lokuthuthela e-Italy). Kodwa-ke, ungonga kakhulu uma uthenga amaphasi kusengaphambili - izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu kusengaphambili, noma ngisho nezinyanga eziyisithupha kusengaphambili. Ngokufanayo namahhotela (uma uhlelo luwukuhlala esigodini esisodwa izinsuku ezimbalwa), ngokuvamile okudingeka ukuthi lubhukhelwe izinyanga ezimbalwa kusengaphambili.
Buka Imali ye-Saas evela e-Saas Grund
Ngokuqondene nokuqashwa kwemishini, isethi: ye-alpine skiing - ngokuvamile i-50-70 francs ngosuku, ukuwela izwe - mayelana ne-20-30. Okuyinto ngokwayo engabizi kangako, isibonelo, eFrance engumakhelwane isethi yemishini yokushushuluza ibiza cishe ama-euro angu-25-30 (~40 francs). Ngakho, usuku lokushushuluza, okuhlanganisa ukuhamba nokudla, lungabiza ama-franc angu-100-150. Ngakho-ke, uma sebeyizamile, abashwibi noma abagibeli bangase baqashe imishini yesizini (ama-200-300 francs) noma bathenge isethi yabo (cishe ama-franc ayi-1000).
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sokungaqiniseki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kakade ngoMashi ezintabeni, ukushushuluza kwe-alpine kuphenduka ukushushuluza emanzini, kushisa kakhulu, futhi ukushushuluza akusajabulisi. Kumnandi ukuphuza ubhiya ngaphansi kwesihlahla sesundu - yebo.
Ngo-April kunePhasika elimangalisayo (impelasonto yezinsuku ezi-4), abantu abaningi abalisebenzisayo ukuya endaweni ethile. Ngokuvamile ekupheleni kuka-April kuba nemfudumalo kangangokuthi kubanjiswe marathon yokuqala. kusukela : kulabo abathanda ukudla .
Yebo, uma ucabanga ukuthi i-10 noma i-20 km ayilutho, umphefumulo udinga ububanzi, ungazama . Kulo mjaho, akumele nje uhlanganise ibanga elingama-26 km, kodwa futhi ugibele amamitha angu-3000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ngo-2018, irekhodi labesifazane lalingamahora ama-2 nemizuzu engama-46, kwabesilisa - amahora ama-2 nemizuzu engama-26.
Siyagijima ngezinye izikhathi
NgoMeyi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imihume idlula noma izinsuku zezindlu ezihlala evulekile ziqala, lapho, usukhokhe ama-franc ayi-10-15-20 ngengilazi enhle, ungahamba phakathi kwabakhiqizi bewayini (abawugcina kuleyo “migede” efanayo) futhi unambitha. yona. Isifunda esidume kakhulu yi ezingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-UNESCO. Ngendlela, amanye ama-distilleries atholakala ebangeni elihloniphekile, ngakho-ke ungathatha uhambo oluhle phakathi kwabo.
Lezo zivini ezifanayo zeLavaux
E-Ticino (okuwukuphela kwe-canton yase-Italy), bathi ngisho etholakalayo. Angazi ngebhayisikili, kodwa ekupheleni kosuku kunzima ukuma ngezinyawo zakho.
Phakathi nokunambitha okunjalo, ungathenga iwayini ozolisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo ngokufaka i-oda elifanele khona lapho nomenzi wewayini.
Ividiyo ino-18+ ngokuphelele, futhi kwamanye amazwe ineminyaka engama-21+
Ungaqala ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngoMeyi aka izintaba, kodwa ngokuvamile hhayi ephakeme kuka 1000-1500 amamitha. Noma yimuphi umzila wokuqwala izintaba onezinguquko zokuphakama, cishe isikhathi sokuhamba izintaba, ubunzima, isimiso sezokuthutha zomphakathi singabukwa kuwebhusayithi ekhethekile - . Isibonelo, eduze neMontreux kukhona okuhle kakhulu , uLeo Tolstoy ayethanda, futhi lapho ama-daffodils aqhakaza khona.
Ama-daffodil amhlophe aqhakaza ezintabeni awumbono omangalisayo!
Ehlobo: i-hike-hike kanye nokuzijabulisa kwechibi. Zonke izinyanga zasehlobo zinikeza ukuhamba kwezintaba zobude obuhlukahlukene, ubunzima kanye nezinguquko zokuphakama. Kucishe kufane nokuzindla: ungazulazula isikhathi eside endleleni ewumngcingo yasentabeni nasekuthuleni kwentaba. Umsebenzi womzimba, indlala yomoya-mpilo, ukucindezeleka, okuhambisana nemibono yaphezulu kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokuqalisa kabusha ubuchopho.
Ukushintsha ukusuka e-Zermatt ukuya ebhulohweni lokumiswa elinguhhafu wekhilomitha
Kodwa-ke, ungacabangi ukuthi ukuhamba izintaba kuwukukhuphuka nokwehla okunzima kakhulu; kwesinye isikhathi umzila udlula emachibini ongabhukuda kuwo.
Ichibi. 2000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Maphakathi noJulayi.
Njengoba izikhulumi zesiRashiya zinenhlonipho ekhethekile ye-shish kebab-mashlyk, cishe kanye ngenyanga ogwini lwechibi sihlela usuku lwamaprotheni namafutha. Nokho, lapho omunye umuntu eletha isiginci, ubusuku obumnandi abunakugwenywa.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula izici ezimbili lapha: ngakolunye uhlangothi, idolobha lihlela iziqukathi eduze kwendawo yokosa inyama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziphathimandla zedolobha ngokwazo ziyafaka futhi zihlomise izindawo ezinjalo. Njengesibonelo, .
Okunye okubili kokuzijabulisa kwasehlobo isikebhe/umatilasi ogibela phezu kwemifula “yezintaba” (edume kakhulu ukusuka e-Thun kuya e-Bern), kanye nezikebhe zokuzijabulisa zasehlobo emachibini amaningi e-Switzerland.
Emfuleni wezintaba ngesivinini esingu-10-15 km ngehora ungahamba ngomkhumbi usuka eThun uye eBern ngamahora ama-4
Ngosuku lokuqala luka-Agasti, iSwitzerland igubha ukusungulwa kombuso ngeziqhumane eziningi nemililo ezungeze ichibi. Ngempelasonto yesibili ka-Agasti, izikhwama zemali zaseGenevan zixhasa iGrand Feu de Geneve, lapho izinkulungwane zeziqhumane ziqhuma ihora elingu-1 zihambisana nomculo.
Ividiyo ye-4K ephelele yangonyaka odlule
Ikwindla yi-interseasonal blues phakathi kwehlobo nobusika. Isikhathi esingaqondakali kunazo zonke eSwitzerland, ngoba kubonakala sengathi usuvele ufuna ukushushuluza ngemva kwehlobo elishisayo, kodwa ngeke kube khona iqhwa kuze kube nguDisemba.
September kuseyihlobo elincane. Ungaqhubeka nohlelo lwasehlobo futhi ubambe iqhaza kuma-marathon. Kodwa kakade phakathi no-Okthoba isimo sezulu siqala ukuwohloka kangangokuthi kunzima ukuhlela noma yini. Futhi ngoNovemba isizini yesibili yama-cellars avulekile iqala, okungukuthi, ukuphuza ngenxa yokulangazelela ihlobo.
Ukudla kwendabuko kanye nezitsha zamazwe ngamazwe
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho amagama ambalwa mayelana nokudla kwendawo kanye nokudla. Uma izitolo zichazwe ku , khona-ke lapha ngingathanda ukuchaza ngokoqobo ukudla kwasendaweni ngamafuphi.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla kuyikhwalithi ephezulu futhi kumnandi, uma ungathengi okushibhile eDener. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi umuntu waseRussia, ngikhumbula imikhiqizo yaseRussia - i-buckwheat, i-oats evamile egoqiwe (i-monastery, i-rough, ngoba yonke into yakhelwe ukuthi yenziwe ngamanzi abilayo okungcono kakhulu), i-cottage shizi (kungaba i-DIY, noma udinga ukulungiselela ingxube ye-cottage shizi ne-Serac evela ku-Migros), ama-marshmallows njalonjalo
Indaba ye-buckwheat eyodwaNgesinye isikhathi indoda yaseSwitzerland, ibona ukuthi intombazane yaseRussia idla i-buckwheat, yathi yamangala kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile bayondla amahhashi ayo nge-buckwheat, hhayi intombazane. Ngokuvamile eluhlaza. U-Oga, i-Swiss ekhohlisayo ...
Izitsha zendabuko zaseSwitzerlandaka I-Alpine) cuisine ingesizathu esithile esisekelwe kushizi kanye nezinto ezidliwayo zendawo (amasoseji, amazambane kanye neminye imifino) - i-fondue, i-raclette ne-rösti.
I-Fondue iyipani likashizi oncibilikisiwe lapho ufaka khona yonke into engapheli.
I-Raclette ushizi oncibilikisiwe ube yizingqimba. Muva nje .
Uhlelo lwamahhala ku-raclette olwenziwa abantu baseSwitzerland bomdabu ngesikhathi seMidlalo yama-Olympic Yasehlobo elabhorethri yethu. Agasti 2016.
I-Rösti iyisidlo “sokungezwani” phakathi kwezingxenye zaseJalimane nesiFulentshi zaseSwitzerland, esinikeza igama layo emngceleni ongakahleleki phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zezwe - osekushiwo. .
Uma kungenjalo, i-cuisine ayihlukile kakhulu komakhelwane bayo: ama-burgers, i-pizza, i-pasta, amasoseji, inyama eyosiwe - izingcezu nezingcezu ezivela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa yini ejabulisa kakhulu futhi ehlekisayo - angazi nokuthi kungani - izindawo zokudlela zase-Asia (isiShayina, isiJapane nesiThai) zidume kakhulu e-Switzerland.
Uhlu oluyimfihlo lwezindawo zokudlela ezihamba phambili e-Lausanne (uma kwenzeka zisiza othile)Inyama yenkomo
Wok Royal
Ngidle
La crêperie la chandeleur
Amakhosi amathathu
Che xu
Kulungile
Le cinq
Indlovu blanc
Itiye lebhamuza
I-Cafe du grancy
I-Movenpic
I-Aribang
Ichi ban
I-Grappe d'or
Zooburger
I-taco ye-taco
I-Chalet suite
Pinte bessoin
Inani elilinganiselwe lamasosha "eSoviet" kuNhlangano YaseSwitzerland
Futhi, ekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukuchaza impikiswano ukuthi ngandlela thile kuyodingeka ibhekane nezintaba ze-Swiss Confederation.
I-plus enkulu, yebo, ingabhekwa njengokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko nobuzwe lapha: amaTatar, amaKazakh, amaCaucasus, ama-Ukrainian, amaBelarusian namaBalts - kuningi kuwo wonke lapha avela emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, amaholide e-borscht, amadombolo noma i-pilaf yangempela enongwe ngewayini laseGeorgia ayiqiniso lamazwe ngamazwe.
Ake sibhale uhlu lwamaqembu amakhulu (ngemivimbo enesibindi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso) weqembu elilinganiselwe lamasosha aseSoviet (ama-95% azalelwa kuleli zwe) e-Swiss Confederation ngokwehla kwezinombolo. Phakathi kwabangane bami kukhona cishe wonke amaqembu abhalwe ngezansi.
Okokuqala, iningi labantu abasebenzisa i-inthanethi lingeleqembu elithi “yazhmothers”. Abesifazane abathuthela eSwitzerland, beshade nesakhamuzi saseSwitzerland, baxoxisana ngezinkinga "zezingane" zabo, babelane ngokuthi bangayithola kuphi i-cosmetologist kanye nomdwebi wezimonyo, futhi baphonsa imibuzo evusa inkanuko a la "Kungani indoda yaseRussia ingcono / imbi kakhulu kunomuntu waseSwitzerland umuntu?” Kukhona ngisho nomama bezindlu abangochwepheshe abasebenzisa amaqembu wonke ku-FB naku-VK. Bahlala kula maqembu nezinkundla, benza abangani, bayacasuka futhi baze balwe. Ngeshwa, ngaphandle kwabo, la maqembu abengeke abe khona nhlobo, futhi bekungeke kube khona okuqukethwe okufanele ukuheha amalungu amasha. Akukho lutho lomuntu siqu - isitatimende nje seqiniso.
Okwesibili, abafundi, abafundi abaneziqu kanye nabanye abantu abafudukele endaweni yaseSwitzerland okwesikhashana. Beza bezofunda, ngesinye isikhathi bahlala ukuze basebenze ngokukhethekile, uma benenhlanhla (bona. mayelana nomsebenzi). Abafundi banamaphathi nemicimbi yabafundi, evame ukuhanjelwa abantu bamazwe ngamazwe abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi leli yiqembu elijabule kakhulu, ngoba banethuba nesikhathi hhayi nje ukusebenza, kodwa futhi nokuba nokuphumula kwekhwalithi. Kodwa akunjalo ngempela!
Okwesithathu, abakwamanye amazwe abeze ezweni njengochwepheshe abanekhono. Ngokuvamile ababoni lutho ngaphandle komsebenzi, bamatasa ngemisebenzi yabo futhi abavamile ukubonakala emicimbini evamile. Ngeshwa, inani labo lincane ngokushabalala uma liqhathaniswa namaqembu amabili adlule.
Okwesine, abafuna impilo engcono yaphakade abakwazi ukukhiqiza iposi elilodwa lokucinga umsebenzi elinamaphutha amaningi ohlelo lolimi futhi balinde ukuthi kube khona abazowaqasha. Ake ngiphinde nginikhumbuze: abaseSwitzerland banobuzwe kancane kule ndaba, kwesokudla nakwesokunxele, abanikezi izimvume zokusebenza kuwo wonke umuntu.
Okwesihlanu, entsha futhi hhayi isiRashiya kakhulu, aka "ama-oligarchs" anenkundla yezindiza egcinwe eSwitzerland.
Kunzima ukuqoqa abantu abaningi abahlukahlukene, kodwa ngamaholide kanye nemicimbi ethakazelisayo evamile kithi sonke - Usuku Lokunqoba, Unyaka Omusha noma i-barbecue-mashlyk echibini - abantu abangaba ngu-50-60 bangenzeka.
Vakashela ezimayini lapho kumbiwa khona usawoti wetafula edolobheni laseBex
Kusazoqhubeka mayelana nohlangothi lwezezimali lwalolu daba...
I-PS: Ngokufunda ukwaziswa okubhaliwe, ukuphawula okubalulekile nezingxoxo, ukubonga kwami okujulile nokwazisa kuya ku-Anna, Albert (), u-Yura no-Sasha.
I-PPS: Umzuzu wokukhangisa. Ngokuphathelene nezitayela zakamuva zefashini, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi i-Moscow State University ivula i-campus ehlala njalo kulo nyaka (futhi isifundise iminyaka engu-2 kakade!) Njengeyunivesithi ehlangene ne-Beijing Polytechnic University e-Shenzhen. Kukhona ithuba lokufunda isiShayina, kanye nokuthola amadiploma angu-2 ngesikhathi esisodwa (izinto ezikhethekile ze-IT ezivela eMoscow State University Computing and Mathematics Complex ziyatholakala). Ungathola okwengeziwe mayelana nenyuvesi, izinkomba kanye namathuba abafundi .
Ividiyo yokucacisa mayelana nezinxushunxushu eziqhubekayo:
Source: www.habr.com