"Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezizimele zizonyamalala eminyakeni emihlanu," "Sibheke empini ebandayo phakathi kwe-tech giant ecosystems" -uma sibhala mayelana ne-ecosystems, kunzima ukukhetha eyodwa kwezingcaphuno eziningi ezikhuthazayo, ezisongela ingxenye. Namuhla, cishe bonke abaholi bemibono bayavuma ukuthi i-ecosystem iyinkambiso yesikhathi esizayo, imodeli entsha yokusebenzelana nabathengi, ethatha ngokushesha indawo yohlelo olujwayelekile "lwebhizinisi - uhlelo olukhethekile - iklayenti". Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ngemibono emincane nedumile, akukabikho ukuvumelana ngokuthi yini okufanele iqondwe yi-ecosystem.
Uma uqala ukubukeza imithombo, kuba sobala ngokushesha: ngisho nasemkhakheni wochwepheshe be-IT, kunemibono ehlukene futhi ephikisana kakhulu mayelana nengqikithi ye-ecosystem. Sifunde lesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe ngenxa yesidingo esibonakalayo - esikhathini esithile esidlule inkampani yethu yaqala ukuthuthuka ibheke ekuxhumekeni okukhulu kanye nokufakwa kwemakethe okubanzi. Ukuze sakhe isu lethu lesikhathi eside, kwakudingeka sihlanganise futhi sihlele lokho okushiwo mayelana ne-ecosystem, sihlonze futhi sihlole imiqondo eyinhloko, futhi siqonde ukuthi indlela ibukeka kanjani ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphakathi kule modeli entsha. Ngezansi sabelana ngemiphumela yalo msebenzi kanye neziphetho esizenzele zona.
Incazelo evamile ye-ecosystem ngokuvamile ihamba ngale ndlela: isethi yemikhiqizo exhunywe ezingeni lobuchwepheshe ukuze inikeze izinzuzo ezengeziwe kumsebenzisi. Isetha amapharamitha amathathu e-ecosystem, okuthi, ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, akekho ophikisayo:
- Ukuba khona kwezinsizakalo eziningana ekubunjweni kwayo
- Ukuba khona kwenani elithile lokuxhumana phakathi kwabo
- Umthelela onenzuzo kulwazi lomsebenzisi
Ngale kwalolu hlu, ukungezwani nokungqubuzana kwamagama kuyaqala. Zingaki izinkampani okufanele zibambe iqhaza ekwakheni i-ecosystem? Ingabe bonke ababambiqhaza bayo bayalingana? Yiziphi izinzuzo abangazinikeza iklayenti? Iqala kanjani inqubo yemvelaphi nokwanda kwayo? Ngokusekelwe kule mibuzo, sihlonze imiqondo yethu emine emele amamodeli ahluke kakhulu okudala “ukuxhumana” phakathi kweqembu lemikhiqizo ebizwa ngokuthi i-ecosystem. Ake sibheke (futhi sidwebe) ngayinye yazo.
Imodeli ye-insularity
Lapho ukushesha okusheshayo koshintsho lwebhizinisi ledijithali kusanda kuqala, sasivame ukuhlangana nombono we-ecosystem yangaphakathi, evaliwe yebhizinisi ngalinye. Uma izinsizakalo zidluliselwa endaweni ebonakalayo, kuba lula ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye futhi kwakhiwe indawo engenazithiyo lapho kulula kumsebenzisi ukusebenza. Akumele ubheke kude ukuthola izibonelo: Uhlelo lwe-Apple lubonisa lo mgomo wokufinyeleleka kwendawo yonke ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka. Lonke ulwazi mayelana neklayenti, kusukela kudatha yokuqinisekisa ukuya emlandweni womsebenzi, lapho okuthandwayo kungabalwa khona, kuyatholakala kuso sonke isixhumanisi kunethiwekhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsizakalo ezinikezwayo zihluke kakhulu futhi zenzelwe izidingo zomsebenzisi kangangokuthi isidingo sokuheha imikhiqizo evela eceleni engaphazamisa lokhu kusebenzisana okuhle asiveli njalo.
Manje sivame ukucabangela iphuzu elinjalo lokubuka eliphelelwe yisikhathi (ngendlela, selivame ukuvezwa njalo). Uphakamisa ukwenza izinto ezifanele - ukususa izinyathelo ezingadingekile ezinqubweni, ukusebenzisa idatha yomsebenzisi ngokugcwele - kodwa eqinisweni lamanje lokhu akusanele. Izinkampani ezincane kakhulu kune-Apple azikwazi ukukhokhela isu lokuzihlukanisa ngokuphelele, noma okungenani zilindele ukuthi lizozinikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe. Namuhla, i-ecosystem ephelele kufanele yakhelwe phezu kobudlelwane bangaphandle.
Imodeli ye-Globalization
Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukuxhumana kwangaphandle, futhi kuningi. Indlela yokuqoqa inani elinjalo lobambiswano? Abaningi bazophendula: sidinga isikhungo esinamandla lapho izinkampani zesathelayithi zizohlangana khona. Futhi lokhu kunengqondo: uma kukhona isinyathelo engxenyeni yomdlali omkhulu, akunzima ukwakha inethiwekhi yokubambisana. Kodwa umphumela walolu hlelo luyisakhiwo esinefomu elithile kanye namandla angaphakathi.
Namuhla sonke sizwile mayelana nezinkundla ze-monster ezibonakala zikwazi ukwenza yonke into - zimelela umphumela onengqondo wentuthuko ngokuya ngemodeli yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ngokuqoqa izinkampani ezincane ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwayo, inkampani enkulu kancane kancane ikhulisa umthelela wayo futhi iba "ubuso" ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zebhizinisi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zilahlekile ethunzini layo. Kwanele ukukhumbula uhlelo lwe-Chinese We-Chat, oluhlanganisa inqwaba yamabhizinisi avela emikhakheni ehluke kakhulu ngaphansi kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashayele itekisi, a-ode ukudla, enze i-aphoyintimenti endaweni yezinwele futhi athenge umuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Kusukela kulesi sibonelo kulula ukuthola isimiso esijwayelekile: lapho ukuthandwa kwenkundla emaphakathi kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, ukubambisana nayo kuba yimpoqo-kuphoqelekile kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi - akunangqondo ukuthola izethameli ezifanayo kwenye indawo, futhi ukuyisusa kuhlelo lokusebenza olubusa ngokusobala imakethe, ngisho namaqiniso amancane kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi ithemba lentuthuko usebenzisa imodeli enjalo ngokuvamile libangela ukwesaba nokulahlwa phakathi kwabathuthukisi abazimele kanye nama-studio amancane. Lapha cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthatha isikhundla esisebenzayo futhi usebenze ngokuqondile nezethameli, futhi amathemba angenzeka ezezimali abukeka engaqondakali.
Ingabe izinkundla ezinkulu kangaka zizovela futhi zithuthuke? Kungenzeka kakhulu, yebo, nakuba mhlawumbe kungenasayizi ongaphezu kwalokho (ukuze ubambe isabelo semakethe esibaluleke kangaka, okungenani izimfuneko ezithile ziyadingeka esakhiweni sayo). Kodwa ukukhawulela ukuqonda kwakho i-ecosystem kuzona nje, ngaphandle kokucabangela enye indlela eqinile, kuyindlela engenathemba kakhulu yokubuka izinto.
Imodeli yobungcweti
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyimpikiswano kunazo zonke izinhlobo esizihlonze. Ihlobene eduze nemodeli yokusebenzisana, kodwa, ngokubona kwethu, inokwehluka okuningana okuphawulekayo. Imodeli yobungcweti futhi yakhelwe amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo; iphinde ikhuthaze ukuthi ingagcini nje ngezinsiza zomuntu siqu, kodwa ukuzuza kumaphrojekthi ozakwethu, kodwa ithatha indlela elinganiselwe futhi engaguquguquki kakhulu ekukhetheni kwabo.
Singakhuluma ngalolu hlelo lapho inkampani ihlanganisa isixazululo esenziwe ngomumo esenziwe yinkampani yangaphandle esivumela umkhiqizo ukuthi usebenze kangcono, ngokuyinhloko ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile lezi zinqumo zihlobene nezindaba zokuphepha noma ukugcinwa kwedatha. Izithunywa ezilula kakhulu nazo zingafakwa lapha ngokuqapha okuthile, kodwa lena vele “iyindawo empunga” ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ngokubambisana - ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-Trello noma i-Slack kakade kungase kubhekwe njengokuxhumana ne-ecosystem egcwele ngokuphelele. Lolu hlelo silubiza ngemodeli ekhethekile, njengoba inkampani empeleni ithumela ukugcwalisa izikhala ezithile ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo komunye umuntu.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, lokhu kuhambisana nencazelo yethu yasekuqaleni ye-ecosystem: isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi samasevisi amaningana athuthukisa ukuphila kubasebenzisi (kungaba kubi kakhulu uma bebeka idatha yabo engcupheni noma bangakwazi ukuxhumana nenkampani ku-inthanethi). Kodwa lolu hlobo lokubambisana alucebisi ngokwanele ulwazi lomsebenzisi: ngokombono weklayenti, ukusebenzisana kwenziwa ngesevisi eyodwa (ngisho noma abasizi abambalwa "batshaliwe" kuyo) futhi kwanelisa isidingo esisodwa, nakuba ngokuphumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, njengemodeli ye-insularity, imodeli ekhethekile inikeza, ngokuvamile, umqondo ophusile wokukhipha izingxenye zomkhiqizo ngamunye, kodwa iyasilela emcabangweni wokwakha imvelo ngokwayo.
Imodeli yokusebenzisana
Ake sithi umthuthukisi wesicelo sokulandela izindleko zemoto wenze isivumelwano nebhange ukuze kuhlanganiswe isizindalwazi esinemalimboleko. Kuze kube manje, lokhu kuyisipiliyoni esivamile sokubambisana. Abasebenzisi bazizwa bengcono ngalokhu: manje, ngenkathi besebenza emsebenzini owodwa (ukwenza isabelomali), bangakwazi ukumboza esinye, isidingo esihlobene nengqikithi (ukuthungatha izimali ezengeziwe). Unjiniyela ofanayo wabe esehlanganisa enye isevisi yenkampani yangaphandle kuhlelo lokusebenza ukuze azise abanikazi bezimoto mayelana nezintengo nokukhushulwa kwezinsizakalo abazidingayo esiteshini sesevisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umlingani wakhe, umnikazi wesikhungo senkonzo yezimoto, waqala ukusebenzisana nomdayisi wezimoto. Uma ubheka le sethi yokuxhumana ndawonye, inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinsizakalo "ezixhunyiwe" iqala ukuvela, lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi eziphakama ngesikhathi sokuthenga nokusevisa imoto - ngamanye amazwi, i-ecosystem encane enamandla amahle.
Ngokungafani nemodeli yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, lapho ukusebenza kwe-centripetal force - umshayeli onamandla oxhuma abahlanganyeli abaningi ngokwengeziwe ohlelweni ngokwalo, imodeli yokubambisana iqukethe amaketanga ayinkimbinkimbi okubambisana phakathi kozakwethu. Kulezo zinhlelo, izixhumanisi ziyalingana ngokuzenzakalela futhi inani lezixhumanisi ngamunye anazo lincike kuphela kumsebenzi weqembu kanye nemininingwane yesevisi. Siphethe ngokuthi kungale ndlela lapho umqondo we-ecosystem uthola ukuvezwa kwawo okuphelele nokunempilo kunawo wonke.
Yini eyenza i-ecosystem yokubambisana ihluke?
- Ziyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo eziningana zezinsizakalo. Kulokhu, izinsizakalo zingaba ezemboni efanayo noma ezehlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma i-ecosystem enemibandela ihlanganisa ozakwethu abahlinzeka cishe ngesethi efanayo yamasevisi, kusho ukuthi kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngeplathifomu yesihlanganisi.
- Banesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi yokuxhumana. Ukuba khona kwesixhumanisi esimaphakathi, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umshayeli we-ecosystem, kungenzeka, kodwa uma abanye abahlanganyeli ohlelweni behlukanisiwe komunye nomunye, ngokombono wethu, amandla esistimu awatholakali kahle. Uma kukhona ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, amaphuzu amaningi okukhula ayarekhodwa futhi avezwe.
- Banikeza umphumela we-synergistic, okungukuthi, sona kanye isimo lapho yonke iphenduka ibe nkulu kunesamba sezingxenye zayo. Abasebenzisi bathola ithuba lokuxazulula izinkinga ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ukumboza izidingo ezimbalwa ngokusebenzisa indawo eyodwa yokungena. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi izimiso zemvelo eziphumelele kakhulu ziyasebenza futhi ziyavumelana nezimo: azigcini nje ngokubeka izinketho obala futhi zinethemba lokuthakasela, kodwa zidonsela ukunaka kuzo lapho zidingeka.
- Ba (ngokulandelayo esigabeni sangaphambilini) bagqugquzela ukushintshana kwedatha yomsebenzisi okuzuzisayo, okuvumela izinhlangothi zombili ukuthi ziqonde ngobuqili ukuthi iklayenti lifunani nganoma isiphi isikhathi nokuthi yini enengqondo ukulinikeza yona.
- Benza lula kakhulu ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe kwanoma yiziphi izinhlelo ezihambisanayo: izaphulelo zomuntu siqu nemigomo yesevisi ekhethekile yabasebenzisi "abavamile", izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zokwethembeka.
- Banomfutho wangaphakathi wokukhula - okungenani ukusuka esigabeni esithile sokuthuthuka. Isisekelo esiqinile sedatha yomsebenzisi, izethameli eziphelele kanye nolwazi lokuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo ngokuhlaziywa kwephuzu lokuthinta yizinto ezikhangayo ezinkampanini eziningi. Njengoba sibonile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, ngemva kwamacala ambalwa okuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo, intshisekelo eqhubekayo ku-ecosystem iqala ukwakheka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhula kunomkhawulo - izinhlelo zokusebenzisana zithuthuka ngokwezinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle kokufuna ukuphatha imakethe noma "ukuchoboza" amabhizinisi ngamanye.
Ngokusobala, kulesi sigaba cishe akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokunemba okungu-100% ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-ecosystem oluzodingeka kakhulu. Kuhlale kunethuba lokuthi zonke izinhlobo zizoqhubeka ziphila ngokuhambisana, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene empumelelo, noma amanye, amamodeli amasha ngokuyisisekelo asilindile.
Futhi nokho, ngokombono wethu, imodeli yokubambisana iseduze kakhulu nokuchaza ingqikithi ye-ecosystem yemvelo, lapho “ingxenye ngayinye yaso yandisa amathuba okusinda ngenxa yokuxhumana nayo yonke i-ecosystem futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kungenzeka ukusinda kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo kuyanda ngokwanda kwenani lezinto eziphilayo ezihlobene nazo eziphilayo” futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunethuba elihle lokuphumelela.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umqondo owethuliwe uwumbono wethu kuphela wesimo samanje. Sizojabula ukuzwa imibono nezibikezelo zabafundi ngalesi sihloko kumazwana.
Umthombo: www.habr.com