Ngo-August 25, 1991, ngemva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu zokuthuthuka, umfundi oneminyaka engu-21 ubudala uLinus Torvalds. eqenjini lezindaba le-com.os.minix mayelana nokudalwa kwesibonelo esisebenzayo sesistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, lapho kwaqashelwa khona ukuqedwa kwe-porting bash 1.08 kanye ne-gcc 1.40. Ukukhishwa kokuqala komphakathi kwe-Linux kernel kumenyezelwe ngoSepthemba 17. Ingqikithi inosayizi ongu-62 KB ngendlela ecindezelwe futhi iqukethe cishe imigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 yekhodi yomthombo. I-Linux kernel yesimanje inemigqa yekhodi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26. Ngokocwaningo lwango-2010 olwagunyazwa yi-European Union, cishe izindleko zokwakha iphrojekthi kusukela ekuqaleni efana ne-Linux kernel yesimanje izoba. Amadola ase-US (ukubalwa kwenziwa lapho i-kernel inemigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-13), ngokusho izilinganiso - .
I-Linux kernel igqugquzelwe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-MINIX, u-Linus angaluthandanga ngenxa yelayisensi yayo enomkhawulo. Kamuva, lapho i-Linux iba iphrojekthi eyaziwa kakhulu, abangazi kahle bazama ukusola uLinus ngokukopisha ngokuqondile ikhodi yezinye izinhlelo ezingaphansi ze-MINIX. Ukuhlasela kuxoshwe u-Andrew Tanenbaum, umbhali we-MINIX, owabela omunye wabafundi bakhe ukuthi enze ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kwekhodi ye-Minix kanye nezinguqulo zokuqala zomphakathi ze-Linux. ucwaningo lubonise amakhodi amane kuphela amabhulokhi afanayo ngenxa yezidingo ze-POSIX ne-ANSI C.
U-Linus ekuqaleni wayecabanga ukubiza i-kernel Freax, kusukela emagameni athi "mahhala", "i-freak" kanye no-X (Unix). Kodwa i-kernel ithole igama elithi "Linux" sibonga u-Ari Lemmke, owathi, ngesicelo sikaLinus, wabeka i-kernel inyuvesi, iqambe uhla lwemibhalo endaweni yomlando hhayi βi-freaxβ, njengoba uTorvalds ecelile, kodwa βlinuxβ. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi usomabhizinisi owayesafufusa uWilliam Della Croce ukwazile ukubhalisa uphawu lokuhweba lweLinux futhi wayefuna ukuqoqa imali yokukhokha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kamuva washintsha umqondo wakhe futhi wadlulisela wonke amalungelo ophawu lokuthengisa kuLinus. I-mascot esemthethweni ye-Linux kernel, i-Tux penguin, yakhethwa njengomphumela , eyabanjwa ngo-1996. Igama elithi Tux limele i-Torvalds UniX.
Amandla okukhula e-codebase (inombolo yemigqa yekhodi yomthombo) ye-kernel:
- 0.0.1 - September 1991, imigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 yekhodi;
- 1.0.0 - March 1994, imigqa yekhodi engu-176 XNUMX;
- 1.2.0 - March 1995, imigqa yekhodi engu-311 XNUMX;
- 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 ayizinkulungwane imigqa ikhodi;
- 2.2.0 - Januwari 1999, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-1.8;
- 2.4.0 - Januwari 2001, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-3.4;
- 2.6.0 - Disemba 2003, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-5.9;
- 2.6.28 - Disemba 2008, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-10.2;
- 2.6.35 - Agasti 2010, izigidi ezingu-13.4 zemigqa yekhodi;
- 3.0 - Agasti 2011, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-14.6.
- 3.5 - Julayi 2012, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-15.5.
- 3.10 - Julayi 2013, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-15.8;
- 3.16 - Agasti 2014, izigidi ezingu-17.5 zemigqa yekhodi;
- 4.1 - Juni 2015, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-19.5;
- 4.7 - Julayi 2016, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-21.7;
- 4.12 - Julayi 2017, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-24.1;
- 4.18 - Agasti 2018, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-25.3.
- 5.2 - Julayi 2019, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-26.55.
- 5.8 - Agasti 2020, imigqa yekhodi eyizigidi ezingu-28.36.
Inqubekelaphambili Yokuthuthukiswa:
- I-Linux 0.0.1 - Septhemba 1991, ukukhishwa kokuqala komphakathi okusekela i-i386 CPU kuphela kanye nokubhuthwa ku-floppy;
- I-Linux 0.12 - Januwari 1992, ikhodi yaqala ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPLv2;
- I-Linux 0.95 - Mashi 1992, yengeze amandla okusebenzisa i-X Window System, yafaka ukusekelwa kwememori ebonakalayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa okushintshwayo.
- I-Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, umsebenzi waqala kusitaki senethiwekhi. Isistimu yefayela ye-Ext2 yethulwa, ukusekelwa kwefomethi yefayela le-ELF kwengezwe, abashayeli bamakhadi omsindo kanye nezilawuli ze-SCSI zethulwa, ukulayishwa kwamamojula we-kernel kanye nesistimu yefayela ye-/proc yasetshenziswa.
- Ngo-1992, kwavela ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala kwe-SLS ne-Yggdrasil. Ehlobo lika-1993, kwasungulwa amaphrojekthi we-Slackware ne-Debian.
- I-Linux 1.0 - Mashi 1994, ukukhishwa kokuqala okuzinzile ngokusemthethweni;
- I-Linux 1.2 - Mashi 1995, ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani labashayeli, ukusekelwa kwezinkundla ze-Alpha, MIPS kanye ne-SPARC, amakhono okupakisha enethiwekhi anwetshiwe, ukubukeka kwesihlungi sephakethe, ukusekelwa kwe-NFS;
- I-Linux 2.0 - Juni 1996, ukusekelwa kwamasistimu ama-multiprocessor;
- Mashi 1997: I-LKML, uhlu lwe-imeyili lonjiniyela we-Linux kernel lwasungulwa;
- 1998: Kwethulwe iqoqo lokuqala elisekelwe ku-Top500 Linux, elihlanganisa izindawo ezingu-68 ezinama-Alpha CPU;
- I-Linux 2.2 - Januwari 1999, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kwesistimu yokulawula inkumbulo, ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kwe-IPv6, kwasebenzisa i-firewall entsha, yethula uhlelo oluncane lomsindo olusha;
- I-Linux 2.4 - February 2001, ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo ze-8-processor kanye no-64 GB we-RAM, isistimu yefayela ye-Ext3, ukusekelwa kwe-USB, i-ACPI;
- I-Linux 2.6 - Disemba 2003, ukusekelwa kwe-SELinux, amathuluzi okulungisa ipharamitha ye-kernel okuzenzakalelayo, ama-sysfs, uhlelo lokuphatha inkumbulo oluklanywe kabusha;
- Ngo-2005, kwethulwa i-Xen hypervisor, eyangenisa inkathi ye-virtualization;
- NgoSeptemba 2008, ukukhululwa kokuqala kweplathifomu ye-Android esekelwe ku-Linux kernel kwasungulwa;
- NgoJulayi 2011, ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuthuthukiswa kwegatsha le-2.6.x ukushintshela kunombolo 3.x. Inani lezinto ezisenqolobaneni ye-Git selifinyelele ezigidini ezi-2;
- In 2015 Ngonyaka ukukhishwa kwe-Linux kernel 4.0. Inani lezinto ze-git endaweni yokugcina selifinyelele izigidi ezi-4;
- Ephreli 2018 Ingqophamlando yezinto ze-git eziyizigidi eziyisi-6 endaweni yokugcina i-kernel.
- Ngo-January 2019, kwamiswa igatsha le-kernel . Indawo yokugcina ifinyelele izinto ze-git eziyizigidi ezingu-6.5.
- I-Kernel 2020 eshicilelwe ngo-Agasti 5.8 enkulu ngokwenani lezinguquko zazo zonke izikhwebu phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuba khona kwephrojekthi.
Source: opennet.ru