I-Go iwulimi lokuhlela olusha kodwa oludumile. Ngu Ukuchichima Kwe-Stack, kwakuyi-Golang ethole indawo yesithathu ohlwini lwezilimi zokuhlela abathuthukisi abangathanda ukuzenza kahle. Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuqonda izizathu zokuthandwa kwe-Go, futhi sibheke ukuthi lolu limi lusetshenziswa kuphi nokuthi kungani lufanele nokufunda.
Umlando omncane
Ulimi lokuhlela lwe-Go lwakhiwe i-Google. Empeleni, igama layo eliphelele elithi Golang lisuselwe “kulimi lwe-Google”. Phezu kokuthi kulesi simemezelo lolu limi belubizwa ngentsha, kulo nyaka luhlanganisa iminyaka eyishumi.
Umgomo wabadali be-Go bekuwukusungula ulimi lokuhlela olulula nolusebenza kahle olungasetshenziswa ukudala isofthiwe yekhwalithi ephezulu. URob Pike, ongomunye wabasunguli beGo, uthe iGo yenzelwe abahleli bezinhlelo benkampani abasanda kuthola iziqu futhi abazi iJava, C, C++ noma Python. Kubo, i-Go iwulimi ongaluqonda ngokushesha futhi ulujwayele.
Ekuqaleni, kwakuyithuluzi ngaphakathi kwe-Google, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yavela ekujuleni kwe-corporation futhi yaba ulwazi lomphakathi.
Izinzuzo zolimi
I-Golang inenani elikhulu lezinzuzo, zombili ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezingaziwa kangako.
Ukulula. Empeleni, lena kwakuyinhloso eyinhloko yokudala ulimi, futhi yafezwa. I-Go ine-syntax elula (ngokuqagela okuthile) ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zithuthukiswe ngokushesha kunezinye izilimi. Futhi kukhona amaphuzu amabili athakazelisayo lapha.
Okokuqala, i-Golang ingafundwa ngokushesha ngumuntu oqala ngokuphelele ezinhlelweni - umuntu ongalwazi nhlobo ulimi futhi ohlela ukuba unjiniyela. Umuntu angasho nge-Go ukuthi icishe ibe yinkimbinkimbi (uma sikhuluma nje), njenge-PHP noma i-Pascal, kodwa inamandla njenge-C++.
Okwesibili, i-Go ingenziwa “umhleli owakhelwe” osevele esazi ulimi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa, abathuthukisi bafunda i-Go ngemuva kokufunda kahle iPython noma i-PHP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abahleli bezinhlelo basebenzisa ngempumelelo i-Python/Go noma i-PHP/Go pair.
Inani elikhulu lemitapo yolwazi. Uma ushoda ngesici ku-Go, ungasebenzisa umtapo wolwazi owodwa kweningi ukuze wenze umsebenzi. I-Go inenye inzuzo - ungakwazi ukuxhumana kalula namalabhulali e-C. Kukhona nombono wokuthi amalabhulali e-Go angamaphepha emitapo yolwazi e-C.
Ukuhlanzeka kwekhodi. I-Go compiler ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ikhodi yakho ihlanzekile. Isibonelo, okuguquguqukayo okungasetshenzisiwe kuthathwa njengephutha lokuhlanganisa. I-Go ixazulula izinkinga eziningi zokufometha. Lokhu kwenziwa, isibonelo, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-gofmt lapho ulondoloza noma uhlanganisa. Ukufometha kulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ungathola okwengeziwe ngakho konke lokhu esifundweni. .
Ukuthayipha okumile. Enye inzuzo ye-Go ukuthi inciphisa amathuba okuthi unjiniyela enze iphutha. Yebo, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala umhleli ojwayele ukuthayipha okuguquguqukayo uyacasuka lapho kufanele amemezele uhlobo kukho konke okuguquguqukayo nomsebenzi, kanye nakho konke okunye. Kodwa-ke kuyacaca ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziqhubekayo lapha.
. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulula kakhulu ukubhala ikhodi. Inzuzo enkulu ye-GoDoc ukuthi ayisebenzisi izilimi ezengeziwe njenge-JavaDoc, PHPDoc noma i-JSDoc. Uhlelo lokusebenza lisebenzisa inani eliphakeme lolwazi olukhipha kukhodi ebhalwe phansi.
Ukugcinwa kwekhodi. Kulula ukuyigcina sibonga i-syntax yayo elula futhi emfushane. Konke lokhu kuyifa le-Google. Njengoba inkampani inenani elikhulu lekhodi yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yesoftware, kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zabathuthukisi abayixazululayo yonke, kuphakama inkinga yokulungisa. Ikhodi kufanele iqondakale kuwo wonke umuntu osebenza kuyo, ibhalwe kahle futhi imfushane. Konke lokhu kungenzeka nge-Go.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, awekho amakilasi e-Golang (kunezakhiwo, i-struct), akukho ukusekelwa kwefa, okwenza kube lula ukushintsha ikhodi. Futhi akukho okuhlukile, izichasiselo, njll.
Yini ongayibhala kokuthi Go?
Cishe yonke into, ngaphandle kwamaphuzu athile (isibonelo, intuthuko ehlobene nokufunda komshini - I-Python enezinga eliphansi lokulungiselelwa ku-C/C++ ne-CUDA ifaneleka kakhulu lapha).
Konke okunye kungabhalwa, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni zewebhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Go ifaneleka ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kokubili okomsebenzisi wokugcina kanye nokuthuthukisa ama-daemon, i-UI, futhi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo ze-cross-platform.
Isidingo se-Golang
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi luya ngokuya ludingeka. Ngaphandle kwalezo zinkampani ezikhona esithombeni esingenhla, i-Mail.ru Group, i-Avito, i-Ozon, i-Lamoda, i-BBC, i-Canonical nabanye basebenza ne-Golang.
“Sinqume ukukhulisa ibhizinisi; kubalulekile ngathi ukuthi sakhe inkundla entsha yezobuchwepheshe ezoqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhiqizo. Sithembele ku-Go ngenxa yejubane nokuthembeka kwayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izethameli zabahleli bezinhlelo abazisebenzisayo, ”kusho abamele i-Ozon ngo-2018, ngemuva kokuthi inkampani inqume ukushintshela eGolang.
Nokho, kuthiwani ngemali engenayo?Iholo likanjiniyela we-Go ngonyaka odlule lalilinganiselwa kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60-140 "Umbuthano wami" Uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2017, lesi sibalo senyuke ngo-8,3%. Ukukhula kungenzeka kuqhubeke ngo-2019 njengoba izinkampani eziningi zidinga onjiniyela beGolang.
Yini okulandelayo?
Ukuthuthukiswa kweGolang ngeke kuphele. Isidingo sochwepheshe abahle abalwazi lolu limi sizokhula kuphela, ngakho-ke ngeke kube nzima kuchwepheshe (osaqalayo noma ochwepheshe) ukuthola umsebenzi. Empeleni, lesi sitatimende sisasebenza nanamuhla, njengoba kunokushoda njalo konjiniyela emakethe ye-IT.
I-Go ilungele kokubili abahleli bohlelo abasaqalayo kanye nezingcweti asebelwazi ulimi lokuhlela olulodwa noma ngaphezulu. Cishe noma yimuphi umhleli angayifunda noma ayifunde kabusha.
Lesi sihloko salungiswa ngokubambisana nothisha ku-GeekBrains ngu-Sergei Kruchinin, okubonga okuningi kuye!
Source: www.habr.com