Umuntu ungumuntu wenhlalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uzama kangakanani ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuzihlukanisa, uyothonywa ngandlela-thile abanye abantu, mhlawumbe ngaphandle kokufuna. Lesi simo sibizwa nge-intraspecific bidirectional psycho-emotional reaction. Igama elibalulekile kule ncazelo ende lithi “intraspecific.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusabela okufanayo akubonakali kuphela eqenjini labantu, kodwa nasemihlambini yezinyoni, ekuziqhenyeni kwamabhubesi, noma ngisho nasemhlambini wezimvu. Izinto eziphilayo ezisondelene isikhathi eside zizothintana ngendlela eyodwa noma enye, kuhlanganise nezici zesimo sengqondo-ngokomzwelo. Namuhla sizokhuluma nawe mayelana nocwaningo, okuthe imiphumela, ngokusho kwababhali, yaba ubufakazi bokuqala be-interspecies bidirectional psycho-emotional reaction. Ngabe le nto izibonakalisa kanjani, ngubani owaba yisihloko sokuhlolwa ocwaningweni, futhi ososayensi bazisekela kanjani iziphetho zabo? Lokhu sikufunda embikweni weqembu locwaningo. Hamba.
Isisekelo socwaningo
Uma ubuza ukuthi yiziphi izici ezenza umuntu ahluke kwezinye izidalwa, abaningi bazoqamba ubuhlakani kuqala, futhi lokhu kuzoba yiqiniso. Abanye bazokwengeza ukuhlalisana kanye nemizwa, kodwa lezi ziqephu azisebenzi kubantu kuphela. Noma yiziphi izidalwa ezihlala ngamaqembu ziyahlalisana. Uma kukhulunywa ngemizwa, abantu bangase babe nezinhlobonhlobo zemizwa nezindlela zokuyiveza kunanoma iyiphi i-meerkat, kodwa imizwa ayiyona nje kuphela.
Isimo sengqondo-ngokomzwelo somuntu sixhumene kakhulu nendawo akuyo, ikakhulukazi nomphakathi omzungezile. Ososayensi babiza lokhu ngokuthi imizwelo ethathelwanayo, lapho “ukutheleleka” okunamandla kakhulu kuwukucindezeleka. Isibonelo, kutholwe ukuthi abafundi uthisha wabo ochaze ingcindezi eqhubekayo bakhulise amazinga i-cortisol*.
I-Cortisol* - i-hormone ye-glucocorticoid esebenzayo yezinto eziphilayo ebamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni komzimba ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
Iphethini efanayo ingabonwa naku-prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), ebonisa ukuhlobana kwamazinga okucindezeleka nozakwethu ovezwe ngaphambilini. ingcindezi*.
I-Stressor* - noma yisiphi isici esibangela ukucindezeleka.
Kodwa lezi yizibonelo zokuhlobana kokucindezeleka kwe-intraspecific. I-Interspecific nayo ikhona, nakuba ingafundiwe. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, ososayensi bahlongoza ukutadisha amazinga okucindezeleka ezinjeni ezifuywayo kanye nabanikazi bazo. Njengoba sesixoxile ku , abantu nezinja sekuyizinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka behlala ndawonye. Zombili ziyizidalwa zomphakathi, ngakho-ke kulindelekile ukuthi ubuhlobo obungokwengqondo-ngokomzwelo bube khona kulolu hlobo lobudlelwano.
Ososayensi bathi i-interspecies ukuvumelanisa isikhathi eside kwe-hormone yokucindezeleka (cortisol) kungenzeka phakathi komuntu nomngane wakhe onemilenze emine, izinga layo elingabhekwa kusetshenziswa izinwele. Banquma ukulahla igazi nendlovu, njengoba lezi zinto zinikeza imiphumela echaza isikhathi sakamuva, futhi izinwele zisivumela ukuthi sihlole amazinga e-hormonal wesikhathi eside. Izinwele ziyakhula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingazwakala zincane kangakanani, futhi i-cortisol ishiya isigxivizo sayo kuyo, ngokutadisha lapho ungathola khona ikhalenda elibukwayo lokugxila kwale hormone. Ukuhlaziya okufanayo kuye kwenziwa ngaphambilini ngokubamba iqhaza komama nezingane zabo, amazinga abo e-cortisol avumelaniswa ngokwemiphumela.
Ngokuqondene nezinja, isici esibalulekile ekukhulumisaneni komuntu nesilwane sakhe esifuywayo ukuqeqesha nokusungula i-hierarchy. Uma inja ingaqeqeshiwe, ingase iziphathe kabi (isibonelo, nisela izimbali ozithandayo ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo obungathanda ngayo, noma ikhonkothe futhi igibele abantu abadlulayo). Ukuze ifinyelele isiyalo, inja kufanele iqonde ukuthi umnikazi wayo ungumholi, okungukuthi, umuntu ovelele ephaketheni. Inqubo yokuqeqesha nokuqondisa izinja ayiholeli nje kuphela ekuxhumaneni ngokomzwelo phakathi kwayo nomuntu, kodwa futhi inomphumela we-bidirectional ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye wabo. amadadi*.
I-Dyad* - i-symbiosis lapho kukhona ukuncika kwe-hierarchical. I-dyad futhi iqoqo lezinto ezimbili ezixhumene, okungukuthi, umbhangqwana.
Amaleveli e-Cortisol, njengoba ucwaningo luye lwabonisa, ezinjeni nakubantu nawo ancike kuzici zobuntu zomnikazi ngisho nenhlanganisela yobulili benja/nomnikazi ku-dyad.
Abahlanganyeli bocwaningo: Border Collie (kwesokunxele) noSheltie (kwesokudla).
Kulo msebenzi, ososayensi banqume ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe indaba yokuvumelanisa kwe-psycho-emotional ngokusebenzisa isibonelo se-diode yenja yomuntu. Ngale njongo, kumenywe abantu abangama-58 nezilwane ezifuywayo njengezihloko (okungukuthi, amadyadi angama-58). Ososayensi baqaphe ukusebenza komzimba kwenja ngayinye besebenzisa ikhola ekhethekile edlulisela idatha mayelana nesimo somzimba wenja. Amazinga e-Cortisol ezinjeni nakubanikazi alinganiswa ehlobo nasebusika ukuze kuhlaziywe izinguquko zawo esikhathini esiphakathi kokuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo (izinwele). Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinja zabamba iqhaza ocwaningweni: izindawo zokuhlala (abantu abangu-33: abesifazane abangu-18 nabesilisa abangu-15) kanye nama-border collies (abantu abangu-25: abesifazane abangu-13 nabesilisa abangu-12), phakathi kwabo kokubili izilwane ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile kanye nabahlanganyeli abavamile emiqhudelwaneni eyahlukene. Bonke abanikazi bezinja kwakungabesifazane. Isilinganiso seminyaka yezifundo ezinomsila sasiyiminyaka engu-4,7 ± 0,4 ezifuyweni ezivamile kanye 4,7 ± 0,7 kubahlanganyeli bomncintiswano. Isilinganiso seminyaka yabanikazi bezinja sasiyiminyaka engama-46,3 ± 1,7.
Imiphumela yocwaningo
Imodeli yomugqa ojwayelekile yasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya umphumela wenja yomuntu, kucatshangelwa ubulili, uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yezilwane ezifuywayo.
Isithombe #1
Njengoba kungabonwa kugrafu engenhla, izinga le-cortisol yomnikazi linomthelela onamandla kusibonisi esifanayo ezinjeni zombili ebusika (N = 55, χ2 = 13.796, P <0.001, β = 0.027) nasehlobo (N = 57, χ2 = 23.697, P <0.001, β = 0.235). Kalula nje, lapho amazinga e-cortisol enyuka kubantu, kwenzeka okufanayo nasezinjeni.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ubudlelwano obuqine kakhulu babuphakathi kwe-HCC yomuntu (ukugxiliswa kwe-cortisol yezinwele) nendlela yokuphila yezinja (χ2 = 6.268, P = 0.012, 2A) naphakathi kwe-HCC nobulili benja (χ2 = 5.200, P = 0.023, 2B).
Isithombe #2: Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-HCC nendlela yokuphila (2A); ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-HCC nobulili bezinja (2B).
Zonke izinja, kungakhathaliseki ubulili nendlela yokuphila, zaba nomthelela ku-HCC yomuntu, kodwa umphumela onamandla kakhulu watholakala kwabesifazane nezinja ezibambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni.
Ebusika, uhlobo lwadlala indima enkulu (χ2 = 6,451, P = 0,011): i-Sheltie yayine-HCC ephakeme kakhulu kune-Border Collie (12.905 ± 1.417 iqhathaniswa ne-12.069 ± 1.203).
Isithombe esingu-3: ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-HCC nesikhathi sonyaka lapho ama-biomaterials athathwe ukuze ahlaziywe.
Ngaphandle kwezici ezichazwe ngenhla, kukhona abanye (ukuthi umnikazi wenja uyasebenza, ubudala benja, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yayihlala nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, njll.). Kodwa-ke, lezi zici zazingenalo nhlobo ithonya emiphumeleni, ngakho abacwaningi abazange bazinake.
Kodwa ukuvivinya umzimba kungathinta izinga le-cortisol emzimbeni, ngakho ososayensi banquma ukuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazinga e-cortisol esikhathi eside nomsebenzi ezinjeni. Ukuqapha isimo sezilwane ezinemilenze emine kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ikhola ekhethekile yesonto eli-1, lapho ososayensi banikeze izinsuku zokusebenza ze-3 kanye nempelasonto engu-1 ukuze kuhlaziywe.
Inani lesikhathi izinja ezisichitha emsebenzini womzimba omaphakathi ukuya konamandla ohlobene ne-canine HCC. Nokho, akukho ukuhlobana okubalulekile okutholakele ne-HCC yasehlobo (N = 44, r = -0,213, P = 0,165) noma i-HCC yasebusika (N = 43, r = -0,239, P = 0,122).
Isici esithakazelisa kakhulu sososayensi abathonya amazinga e-cortisol kwaba umlingiswa, okungukuthi, izici zomuntu siqu zenja nomnikazi wayo. Abahlanganyeli bocwaningo bagcwalise imibuzo emibili: I-DPQ (Uhlu Lwemibuzo Lobuntu Bezinja) kanye ne-Big Five Inventory (uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nezici zobuntu bomuntu).
Njengoba kuvela, uhlamvu lomnikazi luthonya kakhulu amazinga e-cortisol yesilwane. Ngakho, izinga elikhulayo le-neuroticism kubantu libe nomthelela omubi ku-HCC yenja (ehlobo: χ2 = 7.951, P = 0.005, β = -0.364; ubusika: χ2 = 4.919, P = 0.027, β = -0.026).
Ekugcineni, ososayensi bahlole ukuthi isizini ngokwayo iwathinta kanjani amazinga e-cortisol, ngoba amasampula athathwe ngamabomu ehlobo nasebusika. Kwavela ukuthi ebusika izinga le-hormone yokucindezeleka liphakeme kakhulu kunehlobo.
Isithombe #4
Ukuhlaziywa kobudlelwane phakathi kwesizini nendlela yokuphila kubonise ukuthi izinja ezifuywayo zinamazinga aphezulu e-cortisol ebusika, nezinja zokuncintisana ehlobo (I-4A). Uma sikhuluma ngomehluko phakathi kobulili, abesifazane babonisa i-HCC ephakeme kokubili ebusika nasehlobo (I-4B).
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngama-nuances ocwaningo, ngincoma ukubheka .
Epilogue
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimo zengqondo-ngokomzwelo zabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu bezinhlobo ezifanayo abahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside babungenakuphikwa futhi buhlala bungenakuphikwa. Ngokuqondene nokuvumelanisa kwe-interspecies kwe-cortisol, akukho okutholakele okumangazayo. Lo msebenzi wawungahloselwe ukutholwa, kwakudingeka kuqinisekiswe inkolelo-mbono eshiwo ngaphambili yokuthi indoda nenja, njengabameleli bezinhlobo zezenhlalakahle, banethonya elinamandla komunye nomunye.
Ososayensi baseLinkoping University (eSweden), abenze lolu cwaningo, bakholelwa ukuthi izinja ziwumfanekiso wesimo somzwelo sabanikazi bazo. Okungukuthi, umuntu unethonya elikhulu enja mayelana nokuvumelanisa isikhathi eside kwamazinga e-cortisol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathi azikho izifundo ezifanayo ezike zenziwa ngaphambili.
Ingabe umphumela walo msebenzi uyasimangaza, ingabe wasimangaza? Cishe cha kuno-yebo. Kodwa-ke, siphinde sathola ukwesekwa kwesayensi kwenkulumo ethi “sibophezelekile ngalabo esibathobile.”
NgoLwesihlanu ekuseni:
Siyabonga ngokufunda, hlala unelukuluku lokwazi, thanda izilwane futhi ube nempelasonto enhle bafana! 🙂
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, Isaphulelo sika-30% sabasebenzisi be-Habr ku-analogue ehlukile yamaseva eleveli yokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
I-Dell R730xd ishibhile izikhathi ezi-2? Lapha kuphela eNetherlands! I-Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - isuka ku-$99! Funda mayelana
Source: www.habr.com