Umbiko wethu wamaholo ku-IT wengxenye yesibili yonyaka wezi-2019 usekelwe kudatha yesibali samaholo se-Habr Careers, esiqoqe amaholo angaphezu kuka-7000 ngalesi sikhathi.
Embikweni, sizobheka amaholo amanje okukhethekile kwe-IT okuyinhloko, kanye namandla abo phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule, kokubili ezweni lonke futhi ngokwehlukana eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha. Njengenjwayelo, sizobhekisisa okukhethekile konjiniyela bezinhlelo zesoftware: ake sibheke amaholo abo ngolimi lokuhlela, idolobha, kanye nenkampani.
Idatha evezwe kulo mbiko, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye, ingatholwa ngokuzimela yinoma ubani oyisebenzisayo Habr Imisebenzi. Uma uthanda ulwazi esiluthola kumshini wokubala, futhi uma ufuna ukufaka isandla ekudaleni imakethe yezabasebenzi ye-IT esobala kakhudlwana, siyakumema. , esizowusebenzisa embikweni wethu wonyaka olandelayo.
Inkonzo yomholo ku-Habr Career ekupheleni kuka-2017 ngenhloso yokuqapha njalo amaholo embonini ye-IT. Amaholo ashiywa ngochwepheshe ngokwabo, siyawaqoqa futhi siwenze atholakale esidlangalaleni kuwo wonke umuntu ngefomu elihlanganisiwe nelingaziwa.
Ungawafunda kanjani amashadi ombiko
Wonke amaholo aboniswa ngama-ruble. Lawa amaholo atholwa mathupha, kukhishwe zonke izintela. Amachashazi abonisa amaholo athile. Iqembu lamaphuzu esampula ngalinye liboniswa kusetshenziswa i-box-whisker. Umugqa oqondile omaphakathi ubonisa iholo elimaphakathi (ingxenye yamaholo ingezansi futhi ingxenye ingaphezu kwaleli phuzu, leli holo lingabhekwa njengesilinganiso), imingcele yebhokisi ingamaphesenti angama-25 no-75 (ingxenye ephansi nengaphezulu yemiholo ihlukaniswe ngesigamu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yawo wonke amaholo ilele phakathi kwabo). Amadevu ebhokisi angamaphesenti angu-10 kanye nama-90 (ngokwejwayelekile singawabheka njengamaholo amancane naphezulu). Wonke amashadi alolu hlobo kulesi sihloko ayachofozeka.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi isibali samaholo sisebenza kanjani nokuthi uyifunda kanjani idatha:
Umholo ophakathi embonini ye-IT manje ungama-ruble angu-100: eMoscow - ama-ruble angu-000, eSt. Petersburg - ama-ruble angu-140, kwezinye izifunda - ama-ruble angu-000.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nengxenye yokuqala ka-2019, engxenyeni yesibili ka-3, amaholo eMoscow akhuphuke ngo-136% (kusuka ku-000 ruble kuya kuma-ruble angu-140), eSt. kwaba nokukhushulwa umholo omaphakathi kwaba 000% (kusuka 6 ruble 110 ruble). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iholo elijwayelekile kulo lonke imboni lahlala lingashintshiwe - ama-ruble angu-000, kodwa i-percentile ye-117 yanda: kusuka kuma-ruble angu-000 kuya kuma-ruble angu-6.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kulolu cwaningo sihlangabezane nalezi zibalo ezilandelayo “indida” okokuqala ngqa. Uma sibheka isampula enkulu, sibona ukuthi i-median ihlala ingashintshile uma iqhathaniswa nenkomba yayo yangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, lapho sihlukanisa lesi sampula sibe yimbalwa emincane, ngayinye yazo ngokwehlukana sibona ukwanda kwe-median. Futhi kuvela ukuthi endaweni ngayinye kukhona ukukhula, kodwa ekuhlanganiseni kwalezi zindawo akukho ukukhula. Sizophinde sikubone lokhu esikhathini esizayo.
Amaholo by specialisation main
Isimo semiholo yezobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ze-IT engxenyeni yesibili ka-2019.
Ngokuvamile, kuzo zonke izifunda ndawonye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule kube nokukhushulwa kwamaholo amaphakathi emkhakheni wokwesekwa (12%), ukuklama (11%), ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware (10%), ukuhlolwa (9%) kanye nokuphatha. (5%). Amaholo amaphakathi ku-analytics, ukuphatha, ukumaketha kanye nezinsiza zabantu ahlala engashintshile. Akuzange kuncishiswe amaholo.
Manje ake sibheke ukushintshashintsha kwamaholo esifundeni ngasinye ngokwehlukana.
Ukwenyuka okujwayelekile kwamaholo okuhlola okuphawulwe ngenhla nakho kuyabonwa esifundeni ngasinye kulezi zintathu. Ekuthuthukisweni, amaholo anda kuphela eMoscow nasezifundeni, ekuphathweni - kuphela eMoscow naseSt. Kodwa ekwakhiweni sibona amaholo angashintshiwe eMoscow nasezifundeni kanye nokwehla eSt. Petersburg: naphezu kokuthi ngokwesilinganiso kuzo zonke izifunda sisanda kubona ukwanda kwamaholo kule ndawo.
Amaholo okuhlaziya
Amaholo abaklami
Amaholo ochwepheshe bekhwalithi
Amaholo ochwepheshe besondlo
Amaholo ochwepheshe bakwa-HR
Amaholo ochwepheshe bezokumaketha
Amaholo aphezulu
Amaholo kanjiniyela wesoftware
Amaholo by main ukuthuthukiswa okukhethekile
Sekukonke, kuzo zonke izifunda sindawonye sibona ukuthi engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka ka-2019, iholo elimaphakathi labathuthukisi be-backend, abangaphambili, abathuthukisi bedeskithophu kanye nedeskithophu banyukile. Amaholo abashumeki, onjiniyela bohlelo kanye nabaklami bezinhlelo zesoftware ehlile, kuyilapho lawo abathuthukisi bemidlalo nabathuthukisi beselula ahlala engashintshile.
Manje ake sibheke ukuguquguquka kwamaholo kanjiniyela ezifundeni ngazinye.
Konjiniyela abangemuva nabagcwele izitaki, amaholo abo anyukile kuzo zonke izifunda zizonke, sibona ukwanda esifundeni ngasinye kwezintathu ngokuhlukana. Kubathuthukisi bangaphambili, ukwanda okuphelele kwenzeka kuphela eMoscow nasezifundeni, kubathuthukisi bedeskithophu - kuphela eSt.
Ngokuvamile, iholo labathuthukisi be-gamedev alishintshile, kodwa siyabona ukuthi esifundeni ngasinye kwezintathu liye landa. Kubathuthukisi beselula, amaholo abo nawo angashintshile ngokujwayelekile, sibona ukunyuka kwamaholo eSt. Petersburg futhi kungashintshiwe kwezinye izifunda.
Amaholo kanjiniyela ngolimi lokuhlela
Umholo ophakathi nendawo ophakeme kakhulu wabathuthukisi be-Elixir ungama-ruble ayi-165. Lolu limi luphinde lwahola ngemuva konyaka; engxenyeni edluleyo lwathatha indawo yesithupha kuphela, kanti umholi wangonyaka odlule uScala usekleliswe endaweni yesithathu noGolang ngomholo wama-ruble angu-000. Endaweni yesibili engxenyeni yesibili ka-150 bekuyi-Objective-C ngomholo wama-ruble ayi-000.
Umholo omaphakathi ukhule ngezilimi i-PHP, i-Python, i-C++, i-Swift, i-1C ne-Ruby. Sibona ukwehla kwamaholo eKotlin (-4%) naseDelphi (-14%). Izilimi i-JavaScript, Scala, Golang kanye ne-C# azikho izinguquko.
Amaholo kanjiniyela ngenkampani
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yengxenye yesibili ka-2019, i-OZON igcine ubuholi bayo - iholo elimaphakathi labathuthukisi lapha ngama-ruble ayi-187. I-Alfa Bank, i-Mail.ru ne-Kaspersky Lab - njengasengxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka - igcina izikhundla eziphezulu.
Njengombiko odlule, sibonisa amaholo alabo abasebenza ku-freelancing (ama-ruble angu-80) - uma kuqhathaniswa namaholo ezinkampani ezikhipha imali.
Amaholo onjiniyela emadolobheni anabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi
Umholo omaphakathi ekuthuthukisweni ngokujwayelekile ungama-ruble ayi-110, okuyi-000% ephakeme kunengxenye yokuqala yonyaka. Kwabathuthukisi baseMoscow - ama-ruble angu-10, e-St.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nengxenye yokuqala yonyaka odlule, amaholo onjiniyela eMoscow akhuphuka ngo-7% (kusuka ku-140 kuya kuma-ruble angu-000), eSt. kuze kufike kuma-ruble angama-150).
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, abaholi bemiholo yonjiniyela ngemuva kweMoscow neSt. Petersburg kwakunguNizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk no-Ufa. Engxenyeni yamanje yonyaka, uVoronezh wabajoyina.
Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2019, ukukhuphuka okukhulu komholo omaphakathi kwabonwa phakathi konjiniyela baseVoronezh, Perm, Omsk naseChelyabinsk. Imiholo yawela kuphela eKrasnoyarsk, kuyilapho amaholo abathuthukisi eSt. Petersburg nase-Ufa ahlala efana.
Ukubhekwa Okubalulekile
1. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2019, amaholo ku-IT ngokuvamile ahlala engashintshiwe - i-median yayingama-ruble angu-100, njengasengxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka.
- Umholo ophakathi eMoscow ungama-ruble angu-140, eSt. Petersburg - ama-ruble angu-000, kwezinye izifunda - ama-ruble angu-116.
- Ukukhula kwamaholo kubonakala emikhakheni yokwesekwa (12%), ukuklama (11%), ukuthuthukiswa (10%), ukuhlolwa (9%) kanye nokuphatha (5%). Amaholo ku-analytics, ukuphatha, ukumaketha kanye nezinsiza zabantu ahlala engashintshile.
2. Iholo eliphakathi ekuthuthukisweni lilonke lingama-ruble angu-110, okuyi-000% ephakeme kunengxenye yokuqala yonyaka.
- Umholo ophakathi wabathuthukisi eMoscow ungama-ruble angu-150, eSt. Petersburg - ama-ruble angu-000, e-Ufa naseVoronezh - ama-ruble angu-120, e-Novosibirsk - ama-ruble angu-000, kwezinye izifunda - ngokwesilinganiso ama-ruble angu-100.
- Emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa, sibona ukukhuphuka kwamaholo onjiniyela abangemuva, ideskithophu, abathuthukisi abaphambili nabagcwele. Okokushumeka, onjiniyela bezinhlelo nabakhi bezinhlelo zesoftware, amaholo ehle kancane.
- Ukukhula komholo omaphakathi ezilimini i-PHP, i-Python, i-C++, i-Swift, i-1C ne-Ruby. Ukwehliswa kwamaholo e-Kotlin naseDelphi. Azikho izinguquko - ze-JavaScript, i-Scala, i-Golang ne-C#.
- Abathuthukisi be-Elixir basenamaholo aphezulu kakhulu - ama-ruble angu-165, i-Objective-C, i-Scala ne-Golang - ama-ruble angu-000.
3. Ngengxenye yesibili yonyaka ngokulandelana, inkampani ye-OZON iphethe ubuholi emiholweni yonjiniyela, i-median yabo yi-ruble ye-187. I-Alfa Bank, i-Mail.ru ne-Kaspersky Lab nazo zigcina izikhundla eziphezulu.
Sibonga wonke umuntu obala imiholo yakhe ku-Habr Career, obambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwemakethe ye-IT evuleke kakhudlwana futhi ehlelekile! Uma ungakawushiyi umholo wakho, ungakwenza kanjalo kwethi .
Bheka futhi wethu engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019.
Source: www.habr.com