ukukhishwa okusha kwesistimu yefayela ehlukanisiwe (I-InterPlanetary File System), eyenza isitoreji sefayela esiguqulelwe emhlabeni wonke, esisetshenziswe ngendlela yenethiwekhi ye-P2P eyakhiwe ngamasistimu ababambiqhaza. I-IPFS ihlanganisa imibono esetshenziswe ngaphambilini ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Git, i-BitTorrent, i-Kademlia, i-SFS ne-Web, futhi ifana ne-BitTorrent βswarmβ eyodwa (ontanga ababamba iqhaza ekusabalaliseni) abashintshisana ngezinto ze-Git. Ukuze ufinyelele i-IPFS FS yomhlaba wonke, iphrothokholi ye-HTTP ingasetshenziswa noma i-virtual FS/ipfs ingafakwa kusetshenziswa imojula yeFUSE. Ikhodi yokusebenzisa ireferensi ibhalwe kokuthi Go kanye ngaphansi kwamalayisensi e-Apache 2.0 kanye ne-MIT. Ukwengeza ukuqaliswa kwephrothokholi ye-IPFS ku-JavaScript engasebenza kusiphequluli.
Ukhiye I-IPFS ikheli elisekelwe kokuqukethwe, lapho isixhumanisi sokufinyelela ifayela sihlobene ngokuqondile nokuqukethwe kwalo (kuhlanganisa i-cryptographic hash yokuqukethwe). I-IPFS inosekelo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lokwenza inguqulo. Ikheli lefayela alikwazi ukuqanjwa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo; lingashintsha kuphela ngemva kokushintsha okuqukethwe. Ngokufanayo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ushintsho efayeleni ngaphandle kokushintsha ikheli (inguqulo endala izohlala ekhelini elifanayo, futhi entsha izotholakala ngekheli elihlukile, njengoba i-hashi yokuqukethwe kwefayela izoshintsha). Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isihlonzi sefayela siyashintsha ngoshintsho ngalunye, ukuze kungadluliswa izixhumanisi ezintsha isikhathi ngasinye, kunikezwa izinsizakalo zokuxhumanisa amakheli angunaphakade acabangela izinguqulo ezahlukene zefayela (), noma ukwabela isibizo ngokufanisa ne-FS yendabuko kanye ne-DNS ( (Isistimu Yefayela Eguquguqukayo) kanye ).
Ngokufanisa ne-BitTorrent, idatha igcinwa ngokuqondile ezinhlelweni zabahlanganyeli abashintshana ngolwazi ngemodi ye-P2P, ngaphandle kokuboshelwa kumanodi amaphakathi. Uma kudingekile ukuthola ifayela elinokuqukethwe okuthile, isistimu ithola ababambiqhaza abanaleli fayela futhi ithumele kusuka kumasistimu abo ngezingxenye emicu eminingi. Ngemva kokulanda ifayela ohlelweni lwakhe, umhlanganyeli ngokuzenzekelayo uba elinye lamaphuzu okusabalalisa kwalo. Ukunquma ababambiqhaza benethiwekhi ukuthi okuqukethwe okuthakaselwayo okukhona kumanodi kabani itafula le-hash elisabalalisiwe ().
Empeleni, i-IPFS ingabukwa njengokuphindukuzalwa okusabalalisiwe kweWebhu, kusingathwa ngokuqukethwe esikhundleni sendawo namagama angaqondakali. Ngaphezu kokugcina amafayela kanye nokwabelana ngedatha, i-IPFS ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokudala izinsiza ezintsha, isibonelo, ukuhlela ukusebenza kwamasayithi angaboshelwe kumaseva, noma ukudala ukusatshalaliswa. .
I-IPFS isiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana nokuthembeka kwesitoreji (uma isitoreji sokuqala sehla, ifayela lingadawunilodeka lisuka ezinhlelweni zabanye abasebenzisi), ukumelana nokuhlolwa kokuqukethwe (ukuvimbela kudinga ukuvimba zonke izinhlelo zabasebenzisi ezinekhophi yedatha) nokuhlela ukufinyelela. ngokungabikho kokuxhumana okuqondile ku-inthanethi noma uma ikhwalithi yesiteshi sokuxhumana impofu (ungalanda idatha kubahlanganyeli abaseduze kunethiwekhi yendawo).
Ngenguqulo ukwanda kakhulu kokukhiqiza nokuthembeka. Inethiwekhi yomphakathi esekelwe ku-IPFS idlule uphawu lwe-node eyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 futhi izinguquko ku-IPFS 0.5 zibonisa ukuguqulwa kwephrothokholi ukuze isebenze ezimweni ezinjalo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwakugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokuqondisa okuqukethwe ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokusesha, ukukhangisa kanye nokubuyisa idatha, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa. (DHT), ehlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namanodi anedatha edingekayo. Ikhodi ehlobene ne-DHT isicishe yabhalwa kabusha ngokuphelele, okusheshisa kakhulu ukubhekwa kokuqukethwe kanye nemisebenzi yencazelo yerekhodi ye-IPNS.
Ikakhulukazi, isivinini sokwenza imisebenzi yokwengeza idatha sikhuphuke izikhathi ezi-2, simemezela okuqukethwe okusha kunethiwekhi izikhathi ezingu-2.5,
ukubuyisa idatha kusuka ezikhathini ezi-2 kuye kwezi-5, nokusesha okuqukethwe kusuka ezikhathini ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-6.
Izindlela eziklanywe kabusha zomzila nokuthumela izimemezelo zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusheshisa inethiwekhi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo komkhawulokudonsa kanye nokudluliswa kwethrafikhi yangemuva. Ukukhishwa okulandelayo kuzokwethula ezokuthutha ngokususelwe kuphrothokholi ye-QUIC, ezovumela ukuzuza okukhulu kokusebenza ngokunciphisa ukubambezeleka.
Umsebenzi wesistimu ye-IPNS (I-Inter-Planetary Name System), esetshenziselwa ukudala izixhumanisi ezihlala njalo ezishintsha okuqukethwe, usheshisiwe futhi kwanda ukwethembeka. I-pubsub entsha yokuhlola ezokuthutha yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusheshisa ukulethwa kwamarekhodi e-IPNS izikhathi ezingama-30-40 lapho kuhlolwa kunethiwekhi enama-node ayinkulungwane (okukhethekile kwenzelwe ukuhlolwa. ). Ukukhiqiza kwe-Interlayer cishe kuphindwe kabili
I-Badger, esetshenziselwa ukusebenzelana nesistimu yokusebenza ye-FS. Ngokusekelwa kokubhala okungavumelaniyo, i-Badger manje isishesha izikhathi ezingu-25 kunesendlalelo esidala se-flatfs. Ukwanda kokukhiqiza nakho kuthinte indlela , esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amafayela phakathi kwamanodi.
Phakathi kwentuthuko yokusebenza, kukhulunywa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-TLS ukubethela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaklayenti namaseva. Usekelo olusha lwezizinda ezingaphansi kwesango le-HTTP - onjiniyela bangakwazi ukusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe izindawo (i-dapps) kanye nokuqukethwe kwewebhu ezizindeni ezingaphansi ezingazodwa ezingasetshenziswa namakheli hashi, IPNS, DNSLink, ENS, njll. Isikhala segama esisha /p2p sengeziwe, esiqukethe idatha ehlobene namakheli ontanga (/ipfs/peer_id β /p2p/peer_id). Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezixhumanisi ezisekelwe ku-blockchain ".eth", ezizokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-IPFS ezinhlelweni ezisatshalaliswa.
I-Startual Protocol Labs, esekela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IPFS, nayo ithuthukisa iphrojekthi ngokuhambisana. , okuyisengezo ku-IPFS. Nakuba i-IPFS ivumela ababambiqhaza ukuthi bagcine, babuze, futhi badlulisele idatha phakathi kwabo, i-Filecoin ithuthuka njengenkundla esekelwe ku-blockchain yokugcina isitoreji esiqhubekayo. I-Filecoin ivumela abasebenzisi abanendawo yediski engasetshenziswanga ukuthi bayinikeze kunethiwekhi ngenkokhelo, kanye nabasebenzisi abadinga indawo yokugcina ukuze bayithenge. Uma isidingo sendawo sinyamalele, umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuyithengisa. Ngale ndlela, imakethe yendawo yokugcina iyakhiwa, lapho izindawo zokuhlala zenziwe ngamathokheni , okukhiqizwa yizimayini.
Source: opennet.ru