Phakathi nezinyathelo ezinhlanu zokuqala ezichazwe esihlokweni Sixhume izindawo ezintathu ezikude ngokwezindawo ngenethiwekhi ebonakalayo. Enye yazo etholakala kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo, ezinye ezimbili zitholakala kuma-DC amabili ahlukene.
Lokhu akuzange kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, nakuba ngayinye yalezi nodi yengezwe kunethiwekhi ngayinye ngayinye. Kodwa kuthiwani uma udinga ukuxhuma hhayi eyodwa kuphela, kodwa wonke ama-node kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo ye-ZeroTier? Lo msebenzi waphakama ngolunye usuku lapho ngididekile ngodaba lokuhlela ukufinyelela kusuka kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo kuya kuphrinta yenethiwekhi nomzila.
Ngazama ukusebenzisa indlela echazwe ngenhla, kodwa yayingasheshi futhi ingelula yonke indawo. Isibonelo, iphrinta yenethiwekhi - awukwazi ukuvele uyixhume. I-Mikrotik - I-ZeroTier ayisekeli. Okufanele ngikwenze? Ngemva kwe-googling okuningi nokuhlaziya i-hardware, ngifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi kuyadingeka ukuhlela ibhuloho lenethiwekhi.
Ibhuloho lenethiwekhi (futhi ibhuloho kusukela esiNgisini bridge) iyidivayisi yenethiwekhi yezinga lesibili yemodeli ye-OSI, eklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa amasegimenti (ama-subnet) enethiwekhi yekhompiyutha ibe yinethiwekhi eyodwa.
Ngifuna ukwabelana ngendaba yokuthi ngikwenze kanjani lokhu kulesi sihloko..
Kubiza malini ukwakha ibhuloho...
Okokuqala, mina, njengomlawuli, kwadingeka nginqume ukuthi iyiphi i-node kunethiwekhi ezosebenza njengebhuloho. Ngemva kokufunda izinketho, ngabona ukuthi kungaba yinoma iyiphi idivayisi yekhompyutha enekhono lokuhlela ibhuloho phakathi kokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Kungaba njengerutha - idivayisi noma , kanye neseva evamile noma ikhompuyutha.
Ekuqaleni, vele, ngacabanga ukusebenzisa i-router ene-OpenWRT ebhodini. Kodwa uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi i-Mikrotik ekhona ingifanela ngokuphelele, nakuba ingasekeli ukuhlanganiswa ne-ZeroTier, futhi angifuni ngempela ukuhlanekezela futhi "ukudansa ngethamborini," nginqume ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha njengebhuloho lenethiwekhi. Okungukuthi, i-Raspberry Pi 3 Model B ehlala ixhumeke kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo esebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva ye-Raspbian, i-OS esekelwe ku-Debian Buster.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela ibhuloho, isixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa senethiwekhi esingasetshenziswa ezinye izinsiza kufanele sitholakale kudivayisi. Endabeni yami, i-Ethernet eyinhloko yayisivele isetshenziswa, ngakho ngahlela eyesibili. Kusetshenziswa i-adaptha ye-USB-Ethernet esekelwe ku-chipset ye-RTL8152 evela kwa-Realtek kulo msebenzi.
Ngemva kokuxhuma i-adaptha embotsheni ye-USB yamahhala, ukuvuselela nokuqalisa kabusha uhlelo:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo rebootNgihlole ukuthi isistimu iyayibona yini i-adaptha ye-USB Ethernet:
sudo lsusbNgemva kokuhlaziya idatha etholiwe
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8152 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubKungijabulisile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Device 004 iyi-adaptha yami nje.
Okulandelayo, ngicacise ukuthi isiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi esinikezwe le adaptha:
dmesg | grep 8152[ 2.400424] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8152, bcdDevice=20.00
[ 6.363837] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8152
[ 6.669986] r8152 1-1.3:1.0 eth1: v1.09.9
[ 8.808282] r8152 1-1.3:1.0 eth1: carrier onKwavela eth1 🙂 Futhi manje sengingakwazi ukuyilungisa kanye nebhuloho lenethiwekhi.
Engikwenzile empeleni ukulandela i-algorithm engezansi:
- Amaphakheji okuphatha ibhuloho lenethiwekhi afakiwe:
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils - I-ZeroTier ONE:
curl -s https://install.zerotier.com | sudo bash - kunethiwekhi ye-ZeroTier ekhona:
sudo zerotier-cli join <Network ID> - Ikhiphe umyalo wokukhubaza ikheli le-IP le-ZeroTier nokuphathwa komzila:
sudo zerotier-cli set <networkID> allowManaged=0
Okulandelayo kusilawuli sakho senethiwekhi:
В Amanethiwekhi uchofoze imininingwane, kutholwe futhi kwalandelwa isixhumanisi v4AssignMode futhi kuvinjwe ukunikwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamakheli e-IP ngokususa ukumaka ibhokisi lokuhlola Yabela ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka ku-IP Assignment Pool
Ngemva kwalokho, ngigunyaze i-node exhunyiwe ngokusetha igama nokuhlola amabhokisi okuhlola Ugunyaziwe и Ibhuloho elisebenzayo. Angizange nginikeze ikheli le-IP.
Wabe esebuyela ekusetheni ibhuloho lenethiwekhi endaweni, lapho avula khona ifayela lokucushwa kwenethiwekhi ukuze lihlelwe ngokusebenzisa ukuphela:
sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesNgiyengeze kuphi imigqa elandelayo?
auto eth1
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
auto br0
allow-hotplug br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
dns-nameservers 127.0.0.1
bridge_ports eth1 ztXXXXXXXX
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxage 0
Kuphi eth1 — i-adaptha ye-USB Ethernet exhunyiwe engazange inikezwe ikheli le-IP.
br0 - ibhuloho lenethiwekhi liyakhiwa elinekheli le-IP laphakade elinikezwe kusukela kububanzi bekheli lenethiwekhi yami yangempela.
ztXXXXXXXXX - igama le-interface ye-ZeroTier ebonakalayo, eyabonwa ngomyalo:
sudo ifconfigNgemva kokufaka imininingwane, ngigcine ifayela lokumisa futhi ngalayisha kabusha izinsiza zenethiwekhi ngomyalo:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restartUkuhlola ukusebenza kwebhuloho, ngisebenzise umyalo:
sudo brctl show Ngokwemininingwane etholiwe, ibhuloho livukile.
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.00e04c360769 no eth1
ztXXXXXXXXOkulandelayo, ngashintshela kusilawuli senethiwekhi ukuze ngimise umzila.
Kungani ngilandele isixhumanisi ohlwini lwamanodi enethiwekhi? Isabelo se-IP ibhuloho lenethiwekhi. Okulandelayo, ewindini elivulayo, chofoza Imizila ephethwe. Ngaya ekhasini elisha, lapho njengoba Target wakhomba 0.0.0.0 / 0, futhi njengoba Isango - Ikheli le-IP lebhuloho lenethiwekhi kusuka kuhlu lwamakheli enethiwekhi yenhlangano, eshiwo ngaphambili. Endabeni yami 192.168.0.10
Uqinisekisile idatha efakiwe futhi waqala ukuhlola ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi yama-node, e-pinging i-node kunethiwekhi ebonakalayo kusukela ku-node yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Yilokho kuphela!
Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani ne-prototype okwathathwa kuyo izithombe-skrini, amakheli e-IP wamanodi enethiwekhi asuka ebangeni elifanayo namakheli e-IP wamanodi kweyoqobo. Lapho amanethiwekhi ebhuloho, le modeli ingenzeka, into eyinhloko ukuthi ayidluleli namakheli asakazwa iseva ye-DHCP.
Ngeke ngikhulume ngokwehlukana mayelana nokusetha ibhuloho lenethiwekhi ohlangothini lomsingathi olusebenzisa i-MS Windows nokunye ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux kulesi sihloko - I-inthanethi igcwele izinto eziphathelene nalesi sihloko. Ngokuqondene nezilungiselelo ezisohlangothini lwesilawuli senethiwekhi, ziyefana nalezo ezichazwe ngenhla.
Ngifuna nje ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Raspberry PI iyisabelomali nethuluzi elilula lokuxhuma amanethiwekhi nge-ZeroTier, hhayi nje njengesixazululo esimile. Isibonelo, abantu bangaphandle bangasebenzisa ibhuloho lenethiwekhi elilungiselelwe kusengaphambili elisekelwe ku-Raspberry PI ukuze bahlanganise ngokushesha inethiwekhi yangempela yeklayenti elinikezwayo nalawo abonakalayo asekelwe ku-ZeroTier.
Ake ngiphethe le ngxenye yendaba. Ngibheke ngabomvu imibuzo, izimpendulo kanye nokuphawula - ngoba kusisekelo sabo ukuthi ngizokwakha okuqukethwe kwesihloko esilandelayo. Okwamanje, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uzame ukuhlela inethiwekhi yakho ebonakalayo usebenzisa isilawuli senethiwekhi yangasese esine-GUI esuselwe ku-VDS kusukela emakethe kuqhubeke. I-RUVDS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amaklayenti amasha anesikhathi sesivivinyo samahhala sezinsuku ezi-3!
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Source: www.habr.com