Esihlokweni sifake ngempumelelo i-hypervisor kuseva, isitoreji esixhumene kuso, sanakekela ukuphepha okuyisisekelo, saze sakha umshini wokuqala obonakalayo. Manje ake sibheke indlela yokuqalisa imisebenzi eyisisekelo okufanele yenziwe ukuze ukwazi njalo ukubuyisela izinsiza uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka.
Amathuluzi omdabu we-Proxmox akuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokwenza isipele idatha, kodwa futhi udale amasethi ezithombe zesistimu yokusebenza ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokushesha. Lokhu akusizi kuphela ukuthi udale iseva entsha yanoma iyiphi isevisi ngemizuzwana embalwa uma kunesidingo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula sibe sincane.
Ngeke sikhulume ngesidingo sokudala ama-backups, ngoba lokhu kusobala futhi sekuyisikhathi eside kuyi-axiom. Ake sigxile kwezinye izinto ezingabonakali nezici.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi idatha igcinwa kanjani ngesikhathi senqubo yokusekelayo.
Backup Algorithms
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi i-Proxmox inamathuluzi amahle ajwayelekile okudala amakhophi ayisipele emishini ebonakalayo. Kwenza kube lula ukulondoloza yonke idatha yomshini wakho obonakalayo futhi isekela izindlela zokuminyanisa ezimbili, kanye nezindlela ezintathu zokwenza lawo makhophi.
Ake siqale sibheke izindlela zokucindezela:
- Ukucindezelwa kwe-LZO. I-algorithm yokucindezelwa kwedatha engalahleki esungulwe emuva maphakathi nawo-90s. Ikhodi yabhalwa (yenziwe ku-Proxmox insiza ye-lzop). Isici esiyinhloko sale algorithm ukuqaqa ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma yisiphi isipele esidalwe kusetshenziswa le-algorithm singasatshalaliswa ngenani elincane lesikhathi uma kunesidingo.
- Ukucindezelwa kwe-GZIP. Ngokusebenzisa le-algorithm, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni izocindezelwa yi-GNU Zip utility, esebenzisa i-algorithm enamandla ye-Deflate edalwe . Okugcizelelwa kakhulu ukucindezelwa kwedatha okukhulu, okunciphisa isikhala sediski esithathwe amakhophi ayisipele. Umehluko omkhulu ku-LZO ukuthi izinqubo zokucindezelwa/ukuwohloka zithatha isikhathi esiningi.
Amamodi wokufaka kungobo yomlando
I-Proxmox inikeza umlawuli wesistimu ukukhetha kwezindlela ezintathu zokugcina. Ukuzisebenzisa, ungaxazulula inkinga edingekayo ngokunquma okubalulekile phakathi kwesidingo sesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokuthembeka kwekhophi yasenqolobaneni eyenziwe:
- Imodi yesifinyezo. Le modi ingabuye ibizwe ngokuthi isipele esibukhoma, njengoba ayidingi ukumisa umshini obonakalayo ukuze uyisebenzise. Ukusebenzisa lo mshini akukuphazamisi ukusebenza kwe-VM, kodwa kunezinkinga ezimbili ezingathi sΓna kakhulu - izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngenxa yokukhiywa kwamafayela yisistimu yokusebenza kanye nesivinini sokudala esihamba kancane. Izipele ezidalwe ngale ndlela kufanele zihlale zihlolwa endaweni yokuhlola. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokuthi uma ukubuyiselwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka, bangase bahluleke.
- Misa Imodi. Umshini obonakalayo "umisa" isimo sawo okwesikhashana kuze kuqedwe inqubo yokwenza isipele. Okuqukethwe kwe-RAM akusulwa, okukuvumela ukuthi uqhubeke nokusebenza kusukela lapho umsebenzi umiswe khona isikhashana. Kunjalo, lokhu kubangela ukungasebenzi kweseva ngenkathi ulwazi lukopishwa, kodwa asikho isidingo sokuvala/umshini obonakalayo, obaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izinkonzo. Ikakhulukazi uma ukwethulwa kwezinye izinkonzo akuzenzakaleli. Kodwa-ke, izipele ezinjalo kufanele futhi zithunyelwe endaweni yokuhlola ukuze zihlolwe.
- Misa Imodi. Indlela yokulondoloza ethembeke kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukuvala shaqa okuphelele komshini we-virtual. Kuthunyelwa umyalo wokuvala shaqa okuvamile, ngemva kokumiswa, kwenziwa ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, bese kunikezwa umyalo wokuvula umshini obonakalayo. Inani lamaphutha ngale ndlela lincane futhi livamise ukwehliswa libe nguziro. Izipele ezidalwe ngale ndlela cishe zihlala zisebenzisa ngendlela efanele.
Ukwenza inqubo yokubhukha
Ukuze udale ikhophi yasenqolobaneni:
- Ake siye emshinini we-virtual oyifunayo.
- Khetha into Ukubhuka.
- Cindezela inkinobho Gcina manje. Iwindi lizovuleka lapho ungakhetha khona amapharamitha ekhophi yasenqolobaneni yesikhathi esizayo.
- Njengesitoreji sibonisa leyo esiyixhumekile .
- Ngemva kokukhetha imingcele, cindezela inkinobho Ukubhuka bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho isipele senziwe. Kuzoba nombhalo mayelana nalokhu UMSEBENZI KULUNGILE.
Manje izingobo zomlando ezidaliwe ezinamakhophi ayisipele emishini ebonakalayo zizotholakala ukuze zilandwe kuseva. Indlela elula nejwayeleke kakhulu yokukopisha i-SFTP. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa iklayenti le-FTP le-cross-platform elidumile i-FileZilla, elingasebenza lisebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-SFTP.
- Ensimini Umsingathi faka ikheli le-IP leseva yethu ye-virtualization ensimini igama lomsebenzisi faka impande ensimini Iphasiwedi - leyo ekhethiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa, nasensimini Imbobo khombisa okuthi β22β (noma iyiphi enye imbobo eshiwo ekuxhumekeni kwe-SSH).
- Cindezela inkinobho Ukuxhumana okusheshayo futhi, uma yonke idatha ifakwe kahle, khona-ke kuphaneli esebenzayo uzobona wonke amafayela atholakala kuseva.
- Iya kusiqondisi /mnt/storage. Zonke izipele ezidaliwe zizotholakala kuhla lwemibhalo olungaphansi "lokulahla". Bazobukeka kanje:
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.gz uma ukhetha indlela ye-GZIP;
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.lzo uma ukhetha indlela ye-LZO.
Kunconywa ukuthi ulande ngokushesha amakhophi ayisipele kusuka kuseva futhi uwagcine endaweni ephephile, isibonelo, endaweni yethu yokugcina ifu. Uma uqaqa ifayela elinesinqumo se-vma, insiza yegama elifanayo eliza ne-Proxmox, khona-ke ngaphakathi kuzoba namafayela anezandiso. okuluhlaza, conf ΠΈ fw. Lawa mafayela aqukethe okulandelayo:
- okuluhlaza - isithombe sediski;
- conf - Ukucushwa kwe-VM;
- fw - izilungiselelo ze-firewall.
Ibuyisela kusuka kusipele
Ake sicabangele isimo lapho umshini we-virtual ususwe ngephutha futhi ukubuyiselwa kwawo okuphuthumayo kusuka kukhophi yasenqolobaneni kuyadingeka:
- Vula indawo yokugcina lapho ikhophi eyisipele ikhona.
- Iya kuthebhu Okuqukethwe.
- Khetha ikhophi oyifunayo bese ucindezela inkinobho Ukubuyisela.
- Sikhombisa isitoreji esiqondisiwe kanye ne-ID ezonikezwa umshini ngemva kokuqedwa kwenqubo.
- Cindezela inkinobho Ukubuyisela.
Uma ukubuyisela sekuqediwe, i-VM izovela ohlwini lwabatholakalayo.
Ukwenza umshini obonakalayo
Isibonelo, ake sicabange ukuthi inkampani idinga ukwenza izinguquko kusevisi ethile ebalulekile. Ushintsho olunjalo lwenziwa ngokwenza izinguquko eziningi kumafayela okumisa. Umphumela awubikezeleki futhi noma yiliphi iphutha lingabangela ukwehluleka kwesevisi. Ukuze uvimbele ukuhlola okunjalo ukuthi kungaphazamisi iseva esebenzayo, kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlanganise umshini obonakalayo.
Indlela yokwenza i-cloning izodala ikhophi enembile yeseva ebonakalayo, okuvunyelwe ngayo ukwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesevisi eyinhloko. Khona-ke, uma izinguquko zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo, i-VM entsha yethulwa futhi endala iyavalwa. Kunesici kule nqubo okufanele sihlale sikhunjulwa. Umshini ohlanganisiwe uzoba nekheli le-IP elifanayo ne-VM yoqobo, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nokungqubuzana kwekheli lapho kuqala.
Sizokutshela ukuthi ungasigwema kanjani isimo esinjalo. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, kufanele wenze izinguquko ekucushweni kwenethiwekhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukushintsha okwesikhashana ikheli le-IP, kodwa ungaqalisi kabusha isevisi yenethiwekhi. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlanganisa sekuqediwe emshinini oyinhloko, kufanele ubuyisele izilungiselelo emuva, futhi usethe noma yiliphi elinye ikheli le-IP emshinini ohlanganisiwe. Ngakho, sizothola amakhophi amabili eseva efanayo emakhelini ahlukene. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ufake ngokushesha isevisi entsha.
Uma le nsizakalo iyiseva yewebhu, udinga kuphela ukushintsha irekhodi elingu-A nomhlinzeki wakho we-DNS, ngemva kwalokho izicelo zeklayenti zalesi gama lesizinda zizothunyelwa ekhelini lomshini obonakalayo ohlanganisiwe.
Phela, i-Selectel inikeza wonke amaklayenti ayo insizakalo yokubamba noma iyiphi inombolo yezizinda kumaseva e-NS mahhala. Amarekhodi aphathwa ngephaneli yethu yokulawula nange-API ekhethekile. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu .
Ukwenza i-VM ku-Proxmox kuwumsebenzi olula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:
- Iya emshinini esiwudingayo.
- Khetha kumenyu Okuningi isigaba Clone.
- Ewindini elivulayo, gcwalisa ipharamitha yeGama.
- Yenza i-cloning ngokuthinta inkinobho Clone.
Leli thuluzi likuvumela ukuthi wenze ikhophi yomshini obonakalayo hhayi kuseva yendawo kuphela. Uma amaseva amaningana e-virtualization ehlanganiswa abe yiqoqo, khona-ke usebenzisa leli thuluzi ungakwazi ukuhambisa ikhophi edaliwe kuseva ebonakalayo oyifunayo. Isici esiwusizo ukukhetha kwesitoreji sediski (ipharamitha Isitoreji Esiqondisiwe), okuyinto elula kakhulu lapho uhambisa umshini obonakalayo usuka kwenye imidiya ephathekayo uye kwenye.
Amafomethi esitoreji esibonakalayo
Ake sikutshele kabanzi mayelana namafomethi wedrayivu asetshenziswe ku-Proxmox:
- RAW. Ifomethi eqondakala kakhulu futhi elula. Leli yifayela ledatha ye-byte-for-byte ye-hard drive ngaphandle kokucindezelwa noma ukwenza kahle. Lena ifomethi elula kakhulu ngoba ingafakwa kalula ngomyalo wokukhweza ojwayelekile kunoma iyiphi isistimu ye-Linux. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lena "uhlobo" olushesha kakhulu lokushayela, ngoba i-hypervisor ayidingi ukuyicubungula nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ububi obungathi sΓna balesi sakhiwo ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singakanani isikhala osinikeze umshini obonakalayo, inani elifanayo ncamashi le-hard disk space lizothathwa ifayela le-RAW (kungakhathaleki ukuthi singakanani isikhala esithathwe ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo).
- Ifomethi yesithombe se-QEMU (qcow2). Mhlawumbe ifomethi yendawo yonke yokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi ifayela ledatha lizoqukatha kuphela indawo ehlala ngempela ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo. Isibonelo, uma i-40 GB yesikhala yabelwe, kodwa kuphela u-2 GB osetshenzisiwe, khona-ke enye indawo izotholakala kwamanye ama-VM. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ulondoloza isikhala sediski.
Ububi obuncane bokusebenza ngale fomethi yilokhu okulandelayo: ukuze ukhweze isithombe esinjalo kunoma iyiphi enye isistimu, uzodinga kuqala ukulanda futhi usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza qemu-nbd, okuzovumela isistimu yokusebenza ukuthi ifinyelele ifayela njengedivayisi evamile yokuvimba. Ngemva kwalokhu, isithombe sizotholakala ukuze sikhwezwe, sihlukaniswe, sihlolwe isistimu yefayela nokunye ukusebenza.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yonke imisebenzi ye-I/O lapho usebenzisa le fomethi icutshungulwa kusoftware, okubandakanya ukwehla lapho usebenza ngenkuthalo nesistimu engaphansi yediski. Uma umsebenzi uwukukhipha isizindalwazi kuseva, kungcono ukhethe ifomethi ye-RAW.
- Ifomethi yesithombe se-VMware (vmdk). Le fomethi ingeyomdabu ku-VMware vSphere hypervisor futhi yafakwa ku-Proxmox ukuze ihambisane. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthele umshini obonakalayo we-VMware kungqalasizinda ye-Proxmox.
Ukusebenzisa i-vmdk ngokuqhubekayo akunconyiwe; le fomethi ihamba kancane ku-Proxmox, ngakho ifaneleka kuphela ukwenza ukufuduka, akukho okunye. Lokhu kushiyeka cishe kuzoqedwa esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.
Ukusebenza ngezithombe zediski
I-Proxmox iza nohlelo olulula kakhulu olubizwa ngokuthi qemu-img. Omunye wemisebenzi yawo ukuguqula izithombe zediski ebonakalayo. Ukuze uyisebenzise, ββββvele uvule ikhonsoli ye-hypervisor bese usebenzisa umyalo ngefomethi:
qemu-img convert -f vmdk test.vmdk -O qcow2 test.qcow2Esibonelweni esinikeziwe, isithombe se-vmdk se-VMware virtual drive esibizwa test izoguqulelwa kufomethi qho2. Lona umyalo owusizo kakhulu uma udinga ukulungisa iphutha ekukhetheni ifomethi yokuqala.
Ngenxa yomyalo ofanayo, ungaphoqa ukudalwa kwesithombe osifunayo usebenzisa impikiswano ukudala:
qemu-img create -f raw test.raw 40GLo myalo uzodala isithombe sokuhlola ngefomethi RAW, 40 GB ngosayizi. Manje isilungele ukuxhuma kunoma yimiphi imishini ebonakalayo.
Ishintsha usayizi wediski ebonakalayo
Futhi ekuphetheni, sizokukhombisa indlela yokwandisa usayizi wesithombe sediski uma ngesizathu esithile singasekho isikhala esanele kuso. Ukuze senze lokhu, sisebenzisa impikiswano yokushintsha usayizi:
qemu-img resize -f raw test.raw 80GManje isithombe sethu sesingu-80 GB ngosayizi. Ungabuka imininingwane enemininingwane ngesithombe usebenzisa impikiswano ulwazi:
qemu-img info test.rawUngakhohlwa ukuthi ukwandisa isithombe ngokwaso ngeke kwandise ngokuzenzakalelayo usayizi wokuhlukanisa - kuzomane kwengeze indawo yamahhala etholakalayo. Ukwandisa ukwahlukanisa, sebenzisa umyalo:
resize2fs /dev/sda1kuphi / dev / sda1 - isigaba esidingekayo.
I-automation yama-backups
Ukusebenzisa indlela yokwenza ama-backups kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi odla isikhathi. Kungakho i-Proxmox VE ifaka ithuluzi lezipele ezihleliwe ezizenzakalelayo. Ake sibheke ukuthi singakwenza kanjani lokhu:
- Usebenzisa i-hypervisor web interface, vula into Isikhungo sedatha.
- Khetha into Ukubhuka.
- Cindezela inkinobho Engeza.
- Setha amapharamitha omhleli.
- Thikha ibhokisi Nika amandla.
- Londoloza izinguquko usebenzisa inkinobho Dala.
Manje umhleli uzokwethula ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo lokusekelayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe, ngokusekelwe ohlelweni olushiwo.
isiphetho
Sibuyekeze izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwenza isipele nokubuyisela imishini ebonakalayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze yonke idatha ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi uyibuyisele ngokushesha esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Yiqiniso, lena akuyona ukuphela kwendlela engenzeka yokugcina idatha ebalulekile. Kunamathuluzi amaningi atholakalayo, isb. , ongakha ngawo amakhophi agcwele nakhuphukayo wokuqukethwe kwamaseva abonakalayo asuselwa ku-Linux.
Lapho wenza izinqubo zokusekelayo, kufanele uhlale ucabangela ukuthi zilayisha ngokuqhubekayo isistimu engaphansi yediski. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi lezi zinqubo zenziwe ngezikhathi zomthwalo omncane ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-I/O ngaphakathi kwemishini. Ungakwazi ukuqapha isimo sokulibaziseka kokusebenza kwediski ngokuqondile ku-interface yewebhu ye-hypervisor (ipharamitha yokubambezeleka kwe-IO).
Source: www.habr.com