Umbuzo othi "indlela yokusebenzisa ama-devops" usuneminyaka ukhona, kodwa azikho izinto eziningi ezinhle. Kwesinye isikhathi uba yisisulu sezikhangiso ezivela kubaluleki abangahlakaniphile abadinga ukuthengisa isikhathi sabo, noma kanjani. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa amagama angacacile, ajwayelekile kakhulu mayelana nendlela imikhumbi yama-megacorporations ilima ngayo indawo yonke. Umbuzo uphakama: lokhu kusithinta ngani? Mbhali othandekayo, ungayakha ngokucacile imibono yakho ohlwini?
Konke lokhu kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi akukuningi umkhuba wangempela nokuqonda umphumela woguquko lwesiko lenkampani okunqwabelene. Izinguquko zesiko yizinto zesikhathi eside, imiphumela engeke ivele ngesonto noma ngenyanga. Sidinga umuntu omdala ngokwanele ukuthi abone ukuthi izinkampani zakhiwe futhi zehluleka kanjani eminyakeni edlule.
UJohn Willis - omunye wobaba be-DevOps. UJohn unesipiliyoni samashumi eminyaka esebenza nenani elikhulu lezinkampani. Muva nje, uJohn waqala ukuqaphela amaphethini athile ayenzeka lapho esebenza nomunye wabo. Esebenzisa lawa ma-archetypes, uJohn uqondisa izinkampani endleleni yeqiniso yenguquko ye-DevOps. Funda kabanzi mayelana nalawa ma-archetypes ekuhunyushweni kombiko wakhe kusukela kunkomfa ye-Devoops 2018.
Mayelana nesipikha:
Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ekuphathweni kwe-IT, yabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kukamanduleli we-OpenCloud eCanonical, yabamba iqhaza ekuqalisweni kwe-10, okubili kwakho kwathengiswa ku-Dell no-Docker. Njengamanje uyiPhini Likamongameli we-DevOps kanye Nemikhuba Yedijithali kwa-SJ Technologies.
Okulandelayo yindaba ngokombono kaJohane.
Igama lami nginguJohn Willis futhi indawo elula yokungithola iku-Twitter, . Nginegama elifanayo ku-Gmail naku-GitHub. A ungathola ukuqoshwa kwamavidiyo emibiko yami kanye nezethulo zazo.
Ngiba nemihlangano eminingi namaCIO ezinkampani ezinkulu ezahlukene. Bavame ukukhononda ngokuthi abaqondi ukuthi iyini i-DevOps, futhi wonke umuntu ozama ukubachazela ukhuluma ngento ehlukile. Esinye isikhalo esivamile ukuthi i-DevOps ayisebenzi, nakuba kubonakala sengathi abaqondisi benza konke njengoba bechazelwe. Sikhuluma ngezinkampani ezinkulu ezineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ubudala. Ngemva kokukhuluma nabo, ngafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ezinkingeni eziningi, akubona ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufaneleka kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Kwaphela amasonto ngikhuluma nabantu beminyango eyahlukene. Okubona esithombeni sokuqala ngqa kokuthunyelwe kuyiphrojekthi yami yokugcina, yile ndlela igumbi elalibukeka ngayo ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu zomsebenzi.
Iyini i-DevOps?
Impela, uma ubuza abantu abayi-10 abahlukene, bazokunikeza izimpendulo eziyi-10 ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa nansi into ethokozisayo: zonke lezi zimpendulo eziyishumi zizobe zilungile. Ayikho impendulo engalungile lapha. Ngangijule kakhulu ku-DevOps, cishe iminyaka eyi-10, futhi ngangingumMelika wokuqala ku-DevOpsDay yokuqala. Ngeke ngisho ukuthi ngihlakaniphe ukwedlula wonke umuntu ohilelekile ku-DevOps, kodwa akukho muntu osebenzise umzamo omkhulu ngakho. Ngikholwa ukuthi i-DevOps yenzeka lapho imali yabantu nobuchwepheshe buhlangana. Sivame ukukhohlwa mayelana nesimo somuntu, nakuba sikhuluma kakhulu ngazo zonke izinhlobo zamasiko.
Manje sinedatha eminingi, iminyaka emihlanu yocwaningo lwezemfundo, ukuhlolwa kwemibono ngesilinganiso sezimboni. Esitshelwa yilolu cwaningo ukuthi uma uhlanganisa amaphethini athile okuziphatha esikweni lenhlangano, ungafinyelela ukusheshisa okungu-2000x. Lokhu kusheshisa kuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa okulinganayo ekuzinzeni. Lesi isilinganiso somthamo wenzuzo i-DevOps engayiletha kunoma iyiphi inkampani. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngangikhuluma nge-DevOps ku-CEO yenkampani ye-Fortune 5000. Ngesikhathi ngilungiselela isethulo, nganginovalo kakhulu ngoba kwakudingeka ngifingqe iminyaka yami yokuhlangenwe nakho ngemizuzu engu-5.
Ekugcineni nginikeze okulandelayo Incazelo ye-DevOps: Kuyiqoqo lezinqubo namaphethini avumela ukuguqulwa kwenani labantu libe yimali yenhlangano esebenza kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo yindlela iToyota esebenze ngayo iminyaka engu-50 noma engu-60 edlule.
(Emuva kwalokhu, imidwebo enjalo ayinikezwa njengezinto eziyireferensi, kodwa njengemifanekiso. Okuqukethwe kuyo kuzohluka enkampanini ngayinye entsha. Nokho, isithombe singabukwa ngokwehlukana futhi sandiswe
Enye yezindlela ezinjalo eziphumelela kakhulu ukubaluleka kwebalazwe lokusakaza. Ziningi izincwadi ezinhle ezilotshiwe mayelana nalokhu, eziphumelele kakhulu ezikaKaren Martin. Kodwa phakathi nonyaka odlule, ngifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi ngisho nale ndlela iwubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu. Impela inezinzuzo eziningi futhi ngiyisebenzise kakhulu. Kodwa uma i-CEO ikubuza ukuthi kungani inkampani yakhe ingakwazi ukushintshela kumareyili amasha, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungakhuluma ngemephu yokusakaza bukhoma. Miningi eminye imibuzo esemqoka okumele iphendulwe kuqala.
Ngicabanga ukuthi iphutha elenziwa ozakwethu abaningi wukuthi bavele banikeze inkampani umhlahlandlela onamaphuzu amahlanu bese bebuya ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha bezobona ukuthi kwenzekeni. Ngisho nohlelo oluhle olufana nokuhlelwa kwemephu kokusakaza kwenani, ake sithi, izindawo eziyimpumputhe. Ngemva kwamakhulu ezingxoxo nabaqondisi bezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, ngithuthukise iphethini ethile esivumela ukuba sihlukanise inkinga zibe izingxenye zayo, futhi manje sizoxoxa ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ngokulandelana kwazo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izixazululo zobuchwepheshe, ngisebenzisa leli phethini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zonke izindonga zami zimbozwe ngemidwebo. Muva nje bengisebenza ne-mutual fund ngagcina nginezinhlelo ezinjalo eziyi-100-150.
Isiko elibi lidla izindlela ezinhle zokudla kwasekuseni
Umqondo oyinhloko yilo: akukho inani le-Lean, Agile, SAFE ne-DevOps elizosiza uma isiko lenhlangano ngokwalo libi. Kufana nokutshuza ujule ngaphandle kwegiya le-scuba noma ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-x-ray. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuchaza i-Drucker ne-Deming: isiko elibi lenhlangano lizogwinya noma iyiphi isistimu enhle ngaphandle kokuyiminyanisa.
Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga enkulu, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Yenza Wonke Umsebenzi Ubonakale: udinga ukwenza wonke umsebenzi ubonakale. Hhayi ngomqondo wokuthi kufanele ivezwe esikrinini esithile, kodwa ngomqondo wokuthi kufanele kubonakale.
- Amasistimu Okuphatha Umsebenzi Ahlanganisiwe: amasistimu okuphatha adinga ukuhlanganiswa. Enkingeni yolwazi "lwezizwe" nolwazi lwesikhungo, ezimweni ezingu-9 kwezingu-10 ibhodlela ngabantu. Encwadini inkinga yayikumuntu oyedwa, u-Brent, owabangela ukuba umsebenzi usalele emuva ngeminyaka emithathu. Futhi ngihlangana nalaba “Brents” yonke indawo. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, ngisebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezilandelayo ohlwini lwethu.
- I-Theory of Constraints Methodology: ithiyori yezingqinamba.
- Ama-hacks wokuhlanganyela: ama-hacks wokubambisana.
- Toyota Kata (): Ngeke ngikhulume kakhulu ngeToyota Kata. Uma unentshisekelo, ku-github yami cishe kuzo zonke lezi zihloko.
- Inhlangano Egxile Emakethe: inhlangano egxile emakethe.
- Abacwaningi mabhuku bakwa-Shift-kwesokunxele: ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku ezigabeni zokuqala zomjikelezo.
Ngiqala ukusebenza nenhlangano kalula nje: Ngiya enkampanini futhi ngikhulume nabasebenzi. Njengoba ubona, abukho ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Okudingayo nje into ozobhala kuyo. Ngiqoqa amaqembu amaningana ekamelweni elilodwa futhi ngihlaziye lokho angitshela khona ngokombono wama-archetypes ami angu-7. Bese ngibanika umaka ngokwabo bese ngibacela ukuthi babhale phansi ebhodini konke abakusho ngokuzwakalayo kuze kube manje. Ngokujwayelekile kulezi zinhlobo zemihlangano kuba nomuntu oyedwa obhala konke phansi, futhi okungcono kakhulu angabhala phansi u-10% wengxoxo. Ngendlela yami, lesi sibalo singakhushulwa sibe cishe ku-40%.
(Lo mfanekiso ungabukwa ngokwehlukana )
Indlela yami isekelwe emsebenzini kaWilliam Schneider. ). Indlela le isekelwe embonweni wokuthi noma iyiphi inhlangano ingahlukaniswa izikwele ezine. Lolu hlelo kimina ngokuvamile luwumphumela wokusebenza nalawo makhulu ezinye izinhlelo eziqhamukayo uma kuhlaziywa inhlangano. Ake sithi sinenhlangano enezinga eliphezulu lokulawula, kodwa enekhono eliphansi. Lena inketho engathandeki kakhulu: lapho wonke umuntu ethatha umugqa, kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi enzeni.
Inketho engcono kancane yile enezinga eliphezulu lakho kokubili ukulawula nekhono. Uma inkampani enjalo inenzuzo, mhlawumbe ayidingi i-DevOps. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukusebenza nenkampani enezinga eliphezulu lokulawula, ikhono eliphansi nokubambisana, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izinga eliphezulu lamasiko (ukulima). Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkampani inabantu abaningi abathanda ukusebenza khona futhi nenani labasebenzi lincane.
(Lo mfanekiso ungabukwa ngokwehlukana )
Kimina kubonakala sengathi izindlela ezineziqondiso eziqinile zigcina zingena endleleni yokuzuza iqiniso. Ekwenziweni kwemephu yokusakaza kwenani ikakhulukazi, kunemithetho eminingi mayelana nendlela ulwazi okufanele lwakhiwe ngayo. Ezigabeni zokuqala zomsebenzi, engikhuluma ngakho manje, akekho odinga le mithetho. Uma umuntu onomaka ezandleni zakhe echaza isimo sangempela enkampanini ebhodini, lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda isimo sezindaba. Ulwazi olunjalo alufinyeleli kubaqondisi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuwubuwula ukuphazamisa umuntu futhi uthi udwebe uhlobo oluthile lomcibisholo ngokungalungile. Kulesi sigaba, kungcono ukusebenzisa imithetho elula, isibonelo: ukuchithwa kwamazinga amaningi kungadalwa kalula ngokusebenzisa omaka abanemibala eminingi.
Ngiyaphinda, abukho ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Umaka omnyama ubonisa iqiniso lenhloso lokuthi yonke into isebenza kanjani. Ngomaka obomvu, abantu bamaka lokho abangakuthandi mayelana nesimo samanje sezindaba. Kubalulekile ukuthi babhale lokhu, hhayi mina. Uma ngiya ku-CIO ngemva komhlangano, anginikezi uhlu lwezinto ezingu-10 okudingeka zilungiswe. Ngilwela ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokho abantu enkampanini abakushoyo namaphethini akhona afakazelwe. Ekugcineni, umaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uphakamisa izixazululo ezingaba khona zenkinga.
(Lo mfanekiso ungabukwa ngokwehlukana )
Isibonelo sale ndlela manje sikhonjisiwe ngenhla. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ngisebenze nebhange elilodwa. Abantu bezokuphepha lapho babeqiniseka ukuthi akufanele beze ekuklameni nasekubuyekezeni izimfuneko.
(Lo mfanekiso ungabukwa ngokwehlukana )
Sabe sesixoxa nabantu beminye iminyango kwavela ukuthi cishe eminyakeni engu-8 edlule, abathuthukisi be-software baxosha abasebenzi bezokuphepha ngoba behlisa isivinini somsebenzi. Futhi-ke kwaphenduka ukuvinjelwa, okwathathwa kalula. Nakuba empeleni kwakungekho ukuvinjelwa.
Umhlangano wethu waqhubeka ngendlela edidayo kakhulu: cishe amahora amathathu, amaqembu amahlanu ahlukene awakwazanga ukungichazela ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi kwekhodi nomhlangano. Futhi lokhu kubonakala kuyinto elula kakhulu. Iningi labeluleki be-DevOps bacabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu useyazi lokhu.
Khona-ke umuntu ophethe i-IT governance, owayesethule amahora amane, ngokuzumayo waphila lapho sifika esihlokweni sakhe, futhi wasithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ekugcineni ngambuza ukuthi ucabangani ngomhlangano, futhi angisoze ngakhohlwa impendulo yakhe. Uthe: “Bengicabanga ukuthi ibhange lethu linezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokuletha isoftware, kodwa manje sengiyazi ukuthi zihlanu zazo, futhi bengingazi nokuthi ezintathu.
(Lo mfanekiso ungabukwa ngokwehlukana )
Umhlangano wokugcina kuleli bhange ubunethimba lesofthiwe yokutshala izimali. Kwakunaye ukuthi kwavela ukuthi ukubhala imidwebo enomaka ephepheni kungcono kunasebhodini, futhi kungcono nakakhulu kunasebhodini elihlakaniphile.
Izithombe ozibonayo ziyindlela igumbi lenkomfa yehhotela elalibukeka ngayo ngosuku lwesine lomhlangano wethu. Futhi sasebenzisa lezi zinhlelo ukucinga amaphethini, okungukuthi, ama-archetypes.
Ngakho-ke, ngibuza abasebenzi imibuzo, babhala phansi izimpendulo ngemibala emithathu (omnyama, obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ngihlaziya izimpendulo zabo kuma-archetypes. Manje ake sixoxe ngawo wonke ama-archetypes ngokulandelana.
1. Yenza Wonke Umsebenzi Ubonakale: Yenza umsebenzi ubonakale
Izinkampani eziningi engisebenza nazo zinenani eliphezulu kakhulu lemisebenzi engaziwa. Isibonelo, kulapho isisebenzi esisodwa siza kwesinye futhi sivele sicele ukwenza okuthile. Ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu, kungase kube nomsebenzi ongahleliwe ongu-60%. Futhi kuze kufike ku-40% womsebenzi awubhaliwe nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukube bekuyi-Boeing, bengingeke ngiphinde ngigibele indiza yabo ekuphileni kwami. Uma kuphela ingxenye yomsebenzi ibhaliwe, ngakho-ke akwaziwa ukuthi lo msebenzi wenziwa ngendlela efanele noma cha. Zonke ezinye izindlela ziphenduka zibe yize - akukho phuzu lokuzama ukwenza noma yini ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngoba i-50% eyaziwayo ingase ibe ingxenye ehlangene kakhulu futhi ecacile yomsebenzi, okuzenzakalelayo okungeke kunikeze imiphumela emihle, futhi konke okubi kakhulu. izinto zisengxenyeni engabonakali. Uma kungabikho imibhalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola zonke izinhlobo zama-hacks nomsebenzi ofihliwe, hhayi ukuthola amabhodlela, lawo "Brents" kakhulu engangivele ngikhulume ngawo. Kukhona incwadi enhle kaDominica DeGrandis . Uyambula "ukuvuza kwesikhathi" okuhlanu okuhlukene (amasela esikhathi):
- Umsebenzi omningi Kakhulu Oqhubekayo (WIP)
- Ukuncika Okungaziwa
- Umsebenzi Ongahleliwe
- Okubalulekile okushayisanayo
- Umsebenzi Onganakiwe
Lokhu kuhlaziywa okuyigugu kakhulu futhi le ncwadi inkulu, kodwa zonke lezi zeluleko azisizi uma kuphela i-50% yedatha ibonakala. Izindlela ezihlongozwe yi-Dominica zingasetshenziswa uma ukunemba okungaphezu kuka-90% kufinyelelwa. Ngikhuluma ngezimo lapho umphathi enikeza ongaphansi umsebenzi oyimizuzu eyi-15, kodwa kumthatha izinsuku ezintathu; kodwa umphathi akazi ngempela ukuthi lo ongaphansi uncike kwabanye abantu abane noma abahlanu.
I-Phoenix Project yindaba emangalisayo emayelana nephrojekthi eyase yephuze kakhulu ngeminyaka emithathu. Omunye wabalingisi ubhekene nokuxoshwa ngenxa yalokhu, futhi uhlangana nomunye umlingisi ovezwe njengohlobo lukaSocrates. Usiza ekuboneni ukuthi kahle-hle konakelephi. Kuvele ukuthi inkampani inomphathi wesistimu oyedwa, ogama lakhe lingu-Brent, futhi wonke umsebenzi ngandlela thize uhamba ngaye. Komunye wemihlangano, omunye wabangaphansi uyabuzwa: kungani umsebenzi ngamunye wesigamu sehora uthatha isonto? Impendulo isethulo esenziwe lula kakhulu sethiyori yomugqa kanye nomthetho ka-Little, futhi kulesi sethulo kuvela ukuthi lapho kuhlala abantu abangu-90%, ihora ngalinye lomsebenzi lithatha amahora angu-9. Umsebenzi ngamunye udinga ukuthunyelwa kwabanye abantu abayisikhombisa, ukuze lelo hora libe amahora angama-63, izikhathi eziyisi-7.
Ngakho-ke uma ngikhuluma ngokubonakala, angisho ukuthi yonke into isesikrinini, kodwa ukuthi okungenani unedatha. Uma benza, kuvame ukuvela ukuthi kunesamba esikhulu kakhulu somsebenzi ongahleliwe othunyelwa ngandlela thize kwaBrent lapho singekho isidingo sawo. Futhi uBrent uyinsizwa enkulu, akasoze athi cha, kodwa akatsheli muntu ukuthi uwenza kanjani umsebenzi wakhe.
Lapho umsebenzi ubonakala, idatha ingahlukaniswa ngobunono (yilokho u-Dominika akwenzayo esithombeni), ukuhunyushwa kokuvuza izikhathi ezinhlanu kungasetshenziswa, futhi kusetshenziswe okuzenzakalelayo.
2. Hlanganisa Izinhlelo Zokuphatha Umsebenzi: Ukuphathwa Kwemisebenzi
Ama-archetypes engikhuluma ngawo awuhlobo lwephiramidi. Uma eyokuqala yenziwe ngendlela efanele, eyesibili isivele iwuhlobo lwesengezo. Eziningi zalezi azisebenzeli ukuqalisa, zidinga ukugcinwa ezingqondweni zezinkampani ezinkulu njenge-Fortune 5000. Inkampani yokugcina engiyisebenzele yayinezinhlelo zamathikithi eziyi-10. Iqembu elilodwa lalino-Remedy, elinye labhala uhlobo oluthile lwesistimu yalo, elesithathu lasebenzisa i-Jira, kanti elinye lenza nge-imeyili. Inkinga efanayo iphakama uma inkampani inamapayipi angu-30 ahlukene, kodwa anginaso isikhathi sokuxoxa ngawo wonke amacala anjalo.
Ngixoxisana nabantu ukuthi amathikithi enziwa kanjani, ukuthi kwenzekani kubo ngokulandelayo, nokuthi agwenywa kanjani. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi abantu emihlanganweni yethu bakhuluma ngobuqotho. Ngibuze ukuthi bangaki abantu ababeka "umthelela omncane / ongenawo" kumathikithi okufanele empeleni anikezwe "umthelela omkhulu". Kuvele ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu uyakwenza lokhu. Angizibandakanyi ekugxekeni futhi ngizama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthi ngingabahlonzi abantu. Lapho bevuma okuthile kimi ngobuqotho, angimniki umuntu. Kodwa uma cishe wonke umuntu edlula uhlelo, kusho ukuthi konke ukuphepha kuwukugqoka kwamafasitela. Ngakho-ke, azikho iziphetho ezingafinyelelwa kudatha yalolu hlelo.
Ukuxazulula inkinga yethikithi, udinga ukukhetha isistimu eyodwa eyinhloko. Uma usebenzisa i-Jira, yigcine i-Jira. Uma kukhona enye indlela, mayibe iyodwa. Okubalulekile ukuthi amathikithi kufanele abhekwe njengesinye isinyathelo senqubo yokuthuthukiswa. Sonke isenzo kufanele sibe nethikithi, okufanele ligeleze ngokuhamba komsebenzi wokuthuthukisa. Amathikithi athunyelwa eqenjini, eliwathumela ebhodini lezindaba bese lizibophezela.
Lokhu kusebenza kuyo yonke iminyango, okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda kanye nokusebenza. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukwakha okungenani umbono ozwakalayo wesimo sezindaba. Uma le nqubo isimisiwe, kuvele kube lula ukubona ukuthi ubani onesibopho sohlelo ngalunye. Ngoba manje asitholi i-50%, kodwa i-98% yezinsizakalo ezintsha. Uma le nqubo eyinhloko isebenza, khona-ke ukunemba kuyathuthuka kulo lonke uhlelo.
Ipayipi lezinsizakalo
Lokhu futhi kusebenza kuphela ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Uma uyinkampani entsha emkhakheni omusha, phakamisa imikhono bese usebenzisana ne-Travis CI noma i-CircleCI yakho. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinkampani zeFortune 5000, okuyisibonelo esenzeka ebhange engangisebenza kulo. U-Google weza kubo futhi baboniswa imidwebo yamasistimu amadala e-IBM. Abafana bakwa-Google babuze ngokudideka - iphi ikhodi yomthombo yalokhu? Kodwa ayikho ikhodi yomthombo, ngisho ne-GUI. Leli iqiniso izinhlangano ezinkulu okufanele zibhekane nalo: amarekhodi asebhange aneminyaka engu-40 ubudala ku-mainframe yasendulo. Elinye lamakhasimende ami lisebenzisa iziqukathi ze-Kubernetes ezinamaphethini e-Circuit Breaker, kanye ne-Chaos Monkey, konke kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-KeyBank. Kodwa lezi ziqukathi ekugcineni zixhuma kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-COBOL.
Abafana bakwa-Google babeqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi bazoxazulula zonke izinkinga zeklayenti lami, base beqala ukubuza imibuzo: iyini i-IBM datapipe? Bayatshelwa: lesi isixhumi. Ixhumeka kuphi? Kuhlelo lweSperry. Futhi yini leyo? Njalo njalo. Uma uthi nhlá kubonakala: hlobo luni lwe-DevOps engaba khona? Kodwa eqinisweni, kungenzeka. Kunezinhlelo zokulethwa ezikuvumela ukuthi udlulisele ukugeleza komsebenzi emaqenjini okulethwa.
3. Ithiyori Yezingqinamba: Ithiyori Yezingqinamba
Ake sidlulele ku-archetype yesithathu: ulwazi lwesikhungo/"lwezizwe". Njengomthetho, kunoma iyiphi inhlangano kukhona abantu abaningana abazi konke futhi baphathe konke. Laba yibo asebehlale isikhathi eside enhlanganweni futhi abawazi wonke ama-workaround.
Uma lokhu kuvela kumdwebo, ngibazungeza ngokukhethekile abantu abanjalo ngomaka: isibonelo, kuvela ukuthi u-Lou othile ukhona kuyo yonke imihlangano. Futhi kuyangicacela: lena iBrent yendawo. Uma i-CIO ikhetha phakathi kwami nesikibha namateki kanye nomfana wakwa-IBM ogqoke isudi, ngiyakhethwa ngoba ngiyakwazi ukutshela umqondisi izinto omunye umfana angeke azitshele nokuthi umqondisi angase angathandi ukuzwa. . Ngibatshela ukuthi ibhodlela enkampanini yabo ngumuntu ogama lakhe linguFred kanye nomuntu ogama lakhe linguLou. Leli bhodlela lidinga ukuthukululwa, ulwazi lwabo ludinga ukutholwa kubo ngandlela thize.
Ukuxazulula lolu hlobo lwenkinga, ngingakwazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuphakamisa ukusebenzisa i-Slack. Umqondisi ohlakaniphile uzobuza - kungani? Imvamisa, ezimweni ezinjalo, abeluleki be-DevOps bayaphendula: ngoba wonke umuntu uyakwenza. Uma umqondisi ehlakaniphile ngempela, uzothi: ngakho-ke. Futhi kulapho inkhulumomphendvulwano iphela khona. Futhi impendulo yami kulokhu ithi: ngoba kunezingqinamba ezine enkampanini, uFred, uLou, uSusie noJane. Ukufaka ulwazi lwabo ngokwesikhungo, umuntu kufanele aqale ethule uSlack. Wonke ama-wikis akho ayimbudane ephelele ngoba akekho owaziyo ngobukhona bawo. Uma ithimba lonjiniyela lihileleke ekuthuthukisweni kwephambili nangemuva futhi wonke umuntu kudingeka azi ukuthi angaxhumana nethimba labathuthukisi abaphambili noma ithimba lengqalasizinda ngemibuzo. Kulapho u-Lou noma uFred cishe bazoba nesikhathi sokujoyina i-wiki. Bese kuthi ku-Slack othile abuze ukuthi kungani, athi, isinyathelo 5 singasebenzi. Bese u-Lou noma u-Fred bezolungisa imiyalo ku-wiki. Uma usungula le nqubo, khona-ke izinto eziningi zizowela endaweni yazo.
Leli yiphuzu lami eliyinhloko: ukuze uncome noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kufanele uqale ubeke isisekelo kubo ngokulandelana, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngezixazululo ezisezingeni eliphansi ezisanda kuchazwa. Uma uqala ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu futhi ungachazi ukuthi kungani zidingeka, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, lokhu akupheli kahle. Elinye lamakhasimende ethu lisebenzisa i-Azure ML, isixazululo esishibhile nesilula. Cishe u-30% wemibuzo yabo yaphendulwa umshini wokuzifundela wona ngokwawo. Futhi le nto yabhalwa opharetha abangabandakanyi kwisayensi yedatha, izibalo noma izibalo. Lokhu kubalulekile. Izindleko zesixazululo esinjalo zincane.
4. Ama-hacks wokubambisana: Ama-hacks wokubambisana
I-archetype yesine yisidingo sokulwa nokuhlukaniswa. Abantu abaningi sebeyakwazi lokhu: ukuzehlukanisa kudala ubutha. Uma umnyango ngamunye usendaweni yawo, futhi abantu bengaphambanisani nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngaphandle kwe-elevator, khona-ke ubutha phakathi kwabo buvela kalula. Kodwa uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, abantu ekamelweni elilodwa nomunye, ngokushesha uyahamba. Uma othile ephonsa icala elithile elivamile, isibonelo, isixhumi esibonakalayo esinjalo nesinjalo asilokothi sisebenze, akukho lutho olulula ukususa ukusola okunjalo. Abahleli bohlelo ababhale i-interface badinga nje ukuqala ukubuza imibuzo ethile, futhi kuzocaca maduze ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzisi ubesebenzisa ithuluzi ngokungalungile.
Ziningi izindlela zokunqoba ukuzihlukanisa. Ngake ngacelwa ukuba ngiye ebhange lase-Australia, kodwa ngenqaba ngoba nginezingane ezimbili nenkosikazi. Engingakwenza nje ukubasiza kwakuwukuncoma ukuxoxwa kwezindaba okunemifanekiso. Lokhu kuyinto efakazelwe ukuthi iyasebenza. Enye indlela ethokozisayo imihlangano yekhofi engenamafutha. Enhlanganweni enkulu, lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokusabalalisa ulwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaqhuba ama-devopsdays angaphakathi, ama-hackathons, njalonjalo.
5. Ukuqeqesha uKata
Njengoba ngixwayise ekuqaleni, ngeke ngikhulume ngalokhu namuhla. Uma unentshisekelo, ungabheka .
Kukhona futhi inkulumo enhle ngalesi sihloko evela kuMike Rother:
6. Okugxile emakethe: inhlangano egxile emakethe
Kunezinkinga ezahlukene lapha. Isibonelo, "I" abantu, "T" abantu kanye "E" abantu. “Mina” abantu yilabo abenza into eyodwa kuphela. Ngokuvamile zikhona ezinhlanganweni ezineminyango engayodwa. "T" yilapho umuntu emuhle entweni eyodwa kodwa futhi emuhle kwezinye izinto. "E" noma "ikamu" yilapho umuntu enamakhono amaningi.
Umthetho kaConway usebenza lapha (), okuyifomu elenziwe lula kakhulu lingashiwo kanje: uma amaqembu amathathu esebenza kumdidiyeli, umphumela uzoba umdidiyeli wezingxenye ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona izinga eliphezulu lokuzihlukanisa ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, khona-ke ngisho ne-Kubernetes, i-Circuit breaker, i-API enwebekayo nezinye izinto ezinhle kule nhlangano izohlelwa ngendlela efanayo nenhlangano ngokwayo. Ngokuqinile ngokuka-Conway futhi naphezu kwakho konke nina bafundi abancane.
Isixazululo sale nkinga sesichazwe izikhathi eziningi. Kukhona, isibonelo, ama-archetypes enhlangano achazwe nguFernando Fernandez. Leso sakhiwo esiyinkinga engisanda kukhuluma ngaso, ngokuhlukaniswa, siwukwakhiwa okugxile ekusebenzeni. Uhlobo lwesibili luyisakhiwo esibi kakhulu, se-matrix, isiphithiphithi kwezinye ezimbili. Okwesithathu yilokho okubonakala ekuqalisweni okuningi, futhi izinkampani ezinkulu nazo zizama ukufanisa lolu hlobo. Kuyinhlangano egxile emakethe. Lapha silungiselela ukuthola impendulo eshesha kakhulu yezicelo zamakhasimende. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi inhlangano eyisicaba.
Abantu abaningi bachaza lesi sakhiwo ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngiyathanda amagama yakha/qhuba amaqembu, e-Amazon bayibiza amaqembu amabili e-pizza. Kulesi sakhiwo, bonke abantu bohlobo luka-“I” bahlanganiswa eduze kwesevisi eyodwa, futhi kancane kancane basondela ohlotsheni oluthi “T”, futhi uma ukuphathwa okulungile kukhona, bangakwazi ngisho nokuba ngu-“E”. Ukuphikisana kokuqala lapha ukuthi isakhiwo esinjalo sinezici ezingadingekile. Kungani udinga umhloli emnyangweni ngamunye uma ungaba nomnyango okhethekile wabahloli? Engiphendula kuzo: izindleko ezengeziwe kuleli cala ziyintengo yokuthi yonke inhlangano ibe uhlobo “E” ngokuzayo. Kulesi sakhiwo, umhloli ufunda kancane kancane mayelana namanethiwekhi, izakhiwo, ukuklama, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza enhlanganweni ukwazi ngokugcwele konke okwenzeka enhlanganweni. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani embonini, funda .
7. Abacwaningi mabhuku beshift-kwesokunxele: cwaninga ekuqaleni komjikelezo. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha ekubonisweni
Kulapho izenzo zakho zingaphumeleli ukuhlolwa kwephunga, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Abantu abakusebenzelayo abazona izilima. Uma, njengesibonelo esingenhla, babeka umthelela omncane / ongekho yonke indawo, lokhu kwathatha iminyaka emithathu, futhi akekho owaqaphela lutho, khona-ke wonke umuntu uyazi kahle ukuthi uhlelo alusebenzi. Noma esinye isibonelo - ibhodi labaluleki boshintsho, lapho imibiko idinga ukuhanjiswa njalo, ithi, ngoLwesithathu. Kuneqembu labantu abasebenza lapho (abakhokhelwe kahle kakhulu, ngendlela) okufanele, ngokombono, bazi ukuthi uhlelo lulonke lusebenza kanjani. Futhi kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, mhlawumbe uye waqaphela ukuthi amasistimu ethu ayinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo. Futhi abantu abahlanu noma abayisithupha kufanele benze isinqumo ngoshintsho abangazange balwenze futhi abangazi lutho ngalo.
Yebo, le ndlela ayisebenzi. Kumele ngihlukane nezinto ezinjalo ngoba laba bantu abaluvikeli uhlelo. Isinqumo kumele sithathwe yiqembu ngokwalo, ngoba iqembu kumele kube yilona elibhekene naso. Uma kungenjalo, kuvela isimo esiyindida lapho umphathi ongakaze abhale ikhodi empilweni yakhe etshela umhleli ukuthi kufanele kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani ukubhala ikhodi. Enye inkampani engangisebenza nayo yayinamabhodi angu-7 ahlukene ayebuyekeza lonke ushintsho, okuhlanganisa ibhodi lezakhiwo, ibhodi lomkhiqizo, njll. Kwaze kwaba nesikhathi sokulinda esiyisibopho, nakuba esinye isisebenzi sangitshela ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi yomsebenzi, akekho owake wenqaba ushintsho olwenziwa yilo muntu phakathi nalesi sikhathi esiyisibopho.
Abacwaningi mabhuku badinga ukumenywa ukuthi bahlanganyele nathi, bangabaxoshi. Batshele ukuthi ubhala iziqukathi ezingaguquki kanambambili okuthi, uma ziphumelele zonke izivivinyo, zihlale zingaguquki unomphela. Batshele ukuthi unepayipi njengekhodi futhi uchaze ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini. Babonise uhlelo olulandelayo: kanambambili ongaguquleki wokufunda kuphela esitsheni esidlula zonke izivivinyo zokuba sengozini; futhi akukhona nje ukuthi akukho muntu owuthintiyo, abawuthinti ngisho nohlelo oludala ipayipi, ngoba nalo lwenziwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Nginamakhasimende, i-Capital One, asebenzisa i-Vault ukudala into efana ne-blockchain. Umcwaningi mabhuku akadingi ukukhombisa "amaresiphi" avela ku-Chef; kwanele ukukhombisa i-blockchain, okuvela kuyo ukuthi kwenzekeni ngethikithi le-Jira ekukhiqizeni nokuthi ngubani obhekene nalo.
Ngokusho , edalwe ngo-2018 yi-Sonatype, kube nezicelo zokulanda ze-OSS eziyizigidigidi ezingama-2017 ngo-87.
Ukulahlekelwa okutholwe ngenxa yokuba sengcupheni kukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo ozibona ngenhla manje azifaki izindleko zamathuba. Iyini i-DevSecOps ngamafuphi? Mangisho zisuka nje ukuthi angithandi ukukhuluma ngendlela leli gama eliphumelela ngayo. Iphuzu liwukuthi njengoba i-DevOps iphumelele kakhulu, kufanele sizame ukwengeza ukuphepha kulelo payipi.
Isibonelo salokhu kulandelana:
Lesi akusona isincomo semikhiqizo ethile, nakuba ngiyithanda yonke. Ngibalule njengesibonelo ukuze ngibonise ukuthi i-DevOps, ekuqaleni eyayisekelwe kumbono wenhlangano embonini, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi emkhiqizweni.
Futhi asikho isizathu sokuthi kungani singakwazanga ukuthatha indlela efanayo kwezokuphepha.
Umphumela
Njengesiphetho, ngizonikeza amathiphu athile we-DevSecOps. Udinga ukufaka abacwaningi mabhuku ohlelweni lokudala amasistimu akho futhi uchithe isikhathi ubafundisa. Udinga ukusebenzisana nabacwaningi mabhuku. Okulandelayo, udinga ukulwa impi engenazwelo ngokumelene nemibono engamanga. Ngisho nethuluzi lokuskena lokuba sengozini elibiza kakhulu, ungagcina usudale imikhuba emibi kakhulu phakathi konjiniyela bakho uma ungazi ukuthi isilinganiso sakho sesignali-kuya-nomsindo siyini. Onjiniyela bazokhungatheka ngemicimbi futhi bazovele bayisuse. Uma uzwile ngendaba ye-Equifax, lokho kuhle kakhulu okwenzeka lapho, lapho izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqwashisa linganakwa. Ukwengeza, ubungozi budinga ukuchazwa ngendlela eyenza kucace ukuthi buthinta kanjani ibhizinisi. Isibonelo, ungasho ukuthi lokhu kuba sengcupheni okufanayo njengasendabeni ye-Equifax. Ukuba sengozini kwezokuvikela kufanele kuphathwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinkinga zesofthiwe, okungukuthi, kufanele kufakwe kuyo yonke inqubo ye-DevOps. Udinga ukusebenzisana nabo ngeJira, Kanban, njll. Abathuthukisi akufanele bacabange ukuthi omunye umuntu uzokwenza lokhu - ngokuphambene nalokho, wonke umuntu kufanele enze lokhu. Okokugcina, udinga ukuchitha amandla ekuqeqesheni abantu.
Izixhumanisi eziwusizo
Nazi izinkulumo ezimbalwa ezivela enkomfeni ye-DevOops ongazithola ziwusizo:
- U-Sergey Berdnikov, u-Artyom Kalichkin - Indaba yempumelelo, noma "i-Dev+DevOps+Ops" (, )
- UBaruch Sadogursky, uLeonid Igolnik - I-DevOps esikalini: inhlekelele yamaGreki ngezenzo ezintathu (, )
- U-Alexander Titov, uKirill Tolkachev -
- Timothy Lister -
Bheka kwi I-Devoops 2020 eMoscow - kukhona futhi izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo lapho.
Source: www.habr.com