"Tag" ann an Java - mar a leasaicheas tu geama làn-chuimseach

"Còig-deug" no "Còig-deug" na dheagh eisimpleir de gheama loidsig sìmplidh a tha mòr-chòrdte air feadh an t-saoghail. Gus an tòimhseachan fhuasgladh, feumaidh tu na ceàrnagan a chuir air dòigh le àireamhan ann an òrdugh, bhon fheadhainn as lugha chun as motha. Chan eil e furasta, ach tha e inntinneach.

Anns an oideachadh an-diugh tha sinn a 'sealltainn mar a leasaicheas tu Fifteen ann an Java 8 le Eclipse. Gus an UI a leasachadh cleachdaidh sinn an Swing API.

Tha sinn a ’cur nar cuimhne: airson a h-uile leughadair de "Habr" - lasachadh de 10 rubles nuair a chlàraicheas tu ann an cùrsa sam bith Skillbox a 'cleachdadh a' chòd adhartachaidh "Habr".

Tha Skillbox a’ moladh: Cùrsa foghlaim air-loidhne "Leasaiche Java Proifeasanta".

Dealbhadh geamannan

Aig an ìre seo feumaidh tu na feartan a mhìneachadh:

• Meud - meud an raon-cluiche;
• nbTiles - àireamh nan tagaichean san raon. nbTiles = meud * meud - 1;
• Is e taga a th’ ann an Tiles a tha na raon aon-thaobhach de shlànaichean. Gheibh gach aon de na tagaichean luach sònraichte anns an raon [0, nbTiles]. Tha neoni a’ comharrachadh ceàrnag falamh;
• blankPos - suidheachadh na ceàrnaig fhalamh.

Logic geamannan

Feumaidh sinn dòigh ath-shuidheachadh a mhìneachadh a chleachdar gus suidheachadh geama ùr a thòiseachadh. San dòigh seo shuidhich sinn luach airson gach eileamaid den raon tagaichean. Uill, an uairsin bidh sinn a’ cur Pos bàn san t-suidheachadh mu dheireadh den raon.

Tha feum againn cuideachd air dòigh shuffle airson an raon tagaichean a ghluasad. Cha bhith sinn a’ toirt a-steach an taga falamh sa phròiseas shuffling gus a fàgail san aon suidheachadh.

Leis nach eil fuasgladh aig ach leth de na h-àiteachan tòiseachaidh a dh’ fhaodadh a bhith aig an tòimhseachan, feumaidh tu sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an toradh shuffle a thig às gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an cruth gnàthach eadhon so-fhuasgladh. Gus seo a dhèanamh, bidh sinn a’ mìneachadh an dòigh isSolvable.

Ma tha tag le luach nas àirde air thoiseach air tag sònraichte, thathas den bheachd gur e tionndadh a th’ ann. Nuair a tha an t-àite falamh na àite, feumaidh an àireamh de thionndadh a bhith eadhon airson an tòimhseachan a bhith furasta a rèiteachadh. Mar sin bidh sinn a’ cunntadh an àireamh de thionndadh agus a’ tilleadh fìor ma tha an àireamh cothromach.

Tha e an uairsin cudromach an dòigh isSolved a mhìneachadh gus faighinn a-mach a bheil an cruth Game Of Fifteen againn air fhuasgladh. An toiseach bheir sinn sùil air far a bheil an t-àite falamh. Ma tha e anns a 'chiad suidheachadh, tha an co-thaobhadh làithreach ùr, nach deach a cho-dhùnadh roimhe. Bidh sinn an uairsin ag ath-aithris tro na leacan ann an òrdugh cùil, agus ma tha luach an taga eadar-dhealaichte bhon chlàr-amais co-fhreagarrach +1, tillidh sinn meallta. Rud eile, aig deireadh an dòigh tha an t-àm ann tilleadh gu fìor leis gu bheil an tòimhseachan air fhuasgladh mu thràth.

Is e dòigh eile a dh’ fheumar a mhìneachadh newGame. Tha e riatanach eisimpleir ùr den gheama a chruthachadh. Gus seo a dhèanamh, bidh sinn ag ath-shuidheachadh an raon cluiche, an uairsin ga ghluasad agus a’ leantainn gus am bi e comasach an suidheachadh cluiche fhuasgladh.

Seo eisimpleir de chòd le prìomh loidsig tag:

private void newGame() {
  do {
    reset(); // reset in initial state
    shuffle(); // shuffle
  } while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
 
  gameOver = false;
}
 
private void reset() {
  for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
    tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
  }
 
  // we set blank cell at the last
  blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
 
private void shuffle() {
  // don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
  int n = nbTiles;
 
  while (n > 1) {
    int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
    int tmp = tiles[r];
    tiles[r] = tiles[n];
    tiles[n] = tmp;
  }
}
 
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable/
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
  int countInversions = 0;
 
  for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
      if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
        countInversions++;
    }
  }
 
  return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
 
private boolean isSolved() {
  if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
    return false;
 
  for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
      return false;
  }
 
  return true;
}

Mu dheireadh, feumaidh tu gluasad nan tagaichean san raon a phrògramadh. Thèid an còd seo a ghairm nas fhaide air adhart tro ghairm air ais gus freagairt a thoirt do ghluasad cùrsair. Bheir an geama againn taic do ghrunn ghluasadan leac aig an aon àm. Mar sin, às deidh dhuinn an suidheachadh brùthaidh air an sgrion a thionndadh gu taga, gheibh sinn suidheachadh an taga falamh agus coimhead airson treòrachadh gluasaid gus taic a thoirt do ghrunn de na gluasadan aige aig an aon àm.

Seo eisimpleir de chòd:

// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
 
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize  || ey < 0  || ey > gridSize)
  return;
 
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
 
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
 
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
 
int dir = 0;
 
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2  &&  Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
  dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
  dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
 
if (dir != 0) {
  // we move tiles in the direction
  do {
    int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
    tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
    blankPos = newBlankPos;
  } while(blankPos != clickPos);
 
tiles[blankPos] = 0;

Bidh sinn a’ leasachadh UI a’ cleachdadh Swing API

Tha an t-àm ann a bhith ag obair air an eadar-aghaidh. An toiseach gabhaidh sinn an clas Jpanel. An uairsin bidh sinn a ’tarraing tagaichean air an raon - gus meudan gach fear obrachadh a-mach, cleachdaidh sinn an dàta a tha air a shònrachadh ann am paramadair neach-togail geama:

gridSize = (dim  -  2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;

Tha iomall cuideachd na paramadair suidhichte anns an neach-togail geama.

A-nis feumaidh sinn an dòigh drawGrid a mhìneachadh gus a ’ghriod agus na spotan air an sgrion a tharraing. Bidh sinn a’ dèanamh anailis air an raon de thagaichean agus ag atharrachadh na co-chomharran gu co-chomharran eadar-aghaidh luchd-cleachdaidh. An uairsin tarraing gach spot leis an àireamh fhreagarrach sa mheadhan:

private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
  for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
    // we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
    int r = i / size;
    int c = i % size;
    // we convert in coords on the UI
    int x = margin + c * tileSize;
    int y = margin + r * tileSize;
 
    // check special case for blank tile
    if(tiles[i] == 0) {
      if (gameOver) {
        g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
        drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
      }
 
      continue;
    }
 
    // for other tiles
    g.setColor(getForeground());
    g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
    g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
    g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
    g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
 
    drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
  }
}

Mu dheireadh, leig dhuinn a dhol thairis air an dòigh peant Component, a tha a 'tighinn bhon chlas JPane. Bidh sinn an uairsin a’ cleachdadh an dòigh drawGrid, agus an uairsin an dòigh drawStartMessage gus teachdaireachd a thaisbeanadh ag iarraidh oirnn cliogadh gus an geama a thòiseachadh:

private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
  if (gameOver) {
    g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
    g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
    String s = "Click to start new game";
    g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
        getHeight() - margin);
  }
}
 
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
  // center string s for the given tile (x,y)
  FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
  int asc = fm.getAscent();
  int desc = fm.getDescent();
  g.drawString(s,  x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
      y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
 
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
  super.paintComponent(g);
  Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
  g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
  drawGrid(g2D);
  drawStartMessage(g2D);
}

Freagairt ri gnìomhan luchd-cleachdaidh san UI

Gus an urrainn don gheama a chùrsa a ruith, feumar gnìomhan luchd-cleachdaidh a phròiseasadh san UI. Gus seo a dhèanamh, cuir an gnìomh MouseListener air Jpanel agus an còd airson gluasad spotan, a chithear gu h-àrd mar-thà:

addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
  @Override
  public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
    // used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
    // it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
    if (gameOver) {
      newGame();
    } else {
      // get position of the click
      int ex = e.getX() - margin;
      int ey = e.getY() - margin;
 
      // click in the grid ?
      if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize  || ey < 0  || ey > gridSize)
        return;
 
      // get position in the grid
      int c1 = ex / tileSize;
      int r1 = ey / tileSize;
 
      // get position of the blank cell
      int c2 = blankPos % size;
      int r2 = blankPos / size;
 
      // we convert in the 1D coord
      int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
 
      int dir = 0;
 
      // we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
      if (c1 == c2  &&  Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
        dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
      else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
        dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
 
      if (dir != 0) {
        // we move tiles in the direction
        do {
          int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
          tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
          blankPos = newBlankPos;
        } while(blankPos != clickPos);
 
        tiles[blankPos] = 0;
      }
 
      // we check if game is solved
      gameOver = isSolved();
    }
 
    // we repaint panel
    repaint();
  }
});

Bidh sinn a’ cur a’ chòd ann an neach-togail a’ chlas GameOfFifteen. Aig an fhìor dheireadh, is e an dòigh GameGame ùr a chanas sinn ri geama ùr a thòiseachadh.

Còd geamannan air an làn

Is e an ceum mu dheireadh mus faic thu an geama ann an gnìomh na h-eileamaidean còd gu lèir a chuir ri chèile. Seo na thachras:

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.Random;
 
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
 
// We are going to create a Game of 15 Puzzle with Java 8 and Swing
// If you have some questions, feel free to read comments ;)
public class GameOfFifteen extends JPanel { // our grid will be drawn in a dedicated Panel
 
  // Size of our Game of Fifteen instance
  private int size;
  // Number of tiles
  private int nbTiles;
  // Grid UI Dimension
  private int dimension;
  // Foreground Color
  private static final Color FOREGROUND_COLOR = new Color(239, 83, 80); // we use arbitrary color
  // Random object to shuffle tiles
  private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
  // Storing the tiles in a 1D Array of integers
  private int[] tiles;
  // Size of tile on UI
  private int tileSize;
  // Position of the blank tile
  private int blankPos;
  // Margin for the grid on the frame
  private int margin;
  // Grid UI Size
  private int gridSize;
  private boolean gameOver; // true if game over, false otherwise
 
  public GameOfFifteen(int size, int dim, int mar) {
    this.size = size;
    dimension = dim;
    margin = mar;
    
    // init tiles
    nbTiles = size * size - 1; // -1 because we don't count blank tile
    tiles = new int[size * size];
    
    // calculate grid size and tile size
    gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
    tileSize = gridSize / size;
    
    setPreferredSize(new Dimension(dimension, dimension + margin));
    setBackground(Color.WHITE);
    setForeground(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
    setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60));
    
    gameOver = true;
    
    addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
      @Override
      public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
        // used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
        // it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
        if (gameOver) {
          newGame();
        } else {
          // get position of the click
          int ex = e.getX() - margin;
          int ey = e.getY() - margin;
          
          // click in the grid ?
          if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize  || ey < 0  || ey > gridSize)
            return;
          
          // get position in the grid
          int c1 = ex / tileSize;
          int r1 = ey / tileSize;
          
          // get position of the blank cell
          int c2 = blankPos % size;
          int r2 = blankPos / size;
          
          // we convert in the 1D coord
          int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
          
          int dir = 0;
          
          // we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
          if (c1 == c2  &&  Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
            dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
          else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
            dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
            
          if (dir != 0) {
            // we move tiles in the direction
            do {
              int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
              tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
              blankPos = newBlankPos;
            } while(blankPos != clickPos);
            
            tiles[blankPos] = 0;
          }
          
          // we check if game is solved
          gameOver = isSolved();
        }
        
        // we repaint panel
        repaint();
      }
    });
    
    newGame();
  }
 
  private void newGame() {
    do {
      reset(); // reset in intial state
      shuffle(); // shuffle
    } while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
    
    gameOver = false;
  }
 
  private void reset() {
    for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
      tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
    }
    
    // we set blank cell at the last
    blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
  }
 
  private void shuffle() {
    // don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
    int n = nbTiles;
    
    while (n > 1) {
      int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
      int tmp = tiles[r];
      tiles[r] = tiles[n];
      tiles[n] = tmp;
    }
  }
 
  // Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
  // Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
  // as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
  // the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
  private boolean isSolvable() {
    int countInversions = 0;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
          countInversions++;
      }
    }
    
    return countInversions % 2 == 0;
  }
 
  private boolean isSolved() {
    if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
      return false;
    
    for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
        return false;      
    }
    
    return true;
  }
 
  private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
    for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
      // we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
      int r = i / size;
      int c = i % size;
      // we convert in coords on the UI
      int x = margin + c * tileSize;
      int y = margin + r * tileSize;
      
      // check special case for blank tile
      if(tiles[i] == 0) {
        if (gameOver) {
          g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
          drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
        }
        
        continue;
      }
      
      // for other tiles
      g.setColor(getForeground());
      g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
      g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
      g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
      g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
      
      drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
    }
  }
 
  private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
    if (gameOver) {
      g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
      g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
      String s = "Click to start new game";
      g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
          getHeight() - margin);
    }
  }
 
  private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
    // center string s for the given tile (x,y)
    FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
    int asc = fm.getAscent();
    int desc = fm.getDescent();
    g.drawString(s,  x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
        y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
  }
 
  @Override
  protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
    g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    drawGrid(g2D);
    drawStartMessage(g2D);
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
      JFrame frame = new JFrame();
      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
      frame.setTitle("Game of Fifteen");
      frame.setResizable(false);
      frame.add(new GameOfFifteen(4, 550, 30), BorderLayout.CENTER);
      frame.pack();
      // center on the screen
      frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
      frame.setVisible(true);
    });
  }
 
 
}

Mu dheireadh, cluichidh sinn!

Tha an t-àm ann an geama a chuir air bhog agus deuchainn a dhèanamh air ann an gnìomh. Bu chòir don raon coimhead mar seo:

Feuchaidh sinn ri fuasgladh fhaighinn air an tòimhseachan. Ma chaidh a h-uile càil gu math, gheibh sinn seo:

Sin e. An robh dùil agad ri barrachd? 🙂

Tha Skillbox a’ moladh:

• Cùrsa practaigeach "Mobile Developer PRO".
• Cùrsa air-loidhne gnìomhaichte "Anailisiche Dàta Python".
• Cùrsa practaigeach dà bhliadhna "Tha mi nam leasaiche lìn PRO".

Source: www.habr.com