23 APR Sakin sigar Ubuntu 20.04, mai suna Focal Fossa, shine sakin tallafi na dogon lokaci (LTS) na Ubuntu kuma ci gaba ne na Ubuntu 18.04 LTS da aka saki a cikin 2018.
Kadan game da sunan lambar. Kalmar "Focal" na nufin "tsakiyar batu" ko "mafi mahimmancin sashi", wato, yana da alaƙa da manufar mayar da hankali, cibiyar kowane kaddarorin, abubuwan mamaki, abubuwan da suka faru, da "Fossa" yana da tushen "FOSS" ( Free and Open-Source Software - kyauta kuma buɗaɗɗen software) da al'adar sanyawa nau'ikan Ubuntu sunan dabba yana nufin - mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin civet daga tsibirin Madagascar.
Masu haɓakawa suna sanya Ubuntu 20.04 a matsayin babban sabuntawa da nasara tare da tallafi don shekaru 5 masu zuwa don kwamfutoci da sabobin.
Ubuntu 20.04 ya kasance ci gaba mai ma'ana na Ubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo" da Ubuntu 19.10 "Eoan Ermine". A cikin nau'ikan tebur, bin sabbin abubuwa, jigo mai duhu ya bayyana. Don haka, a cikin Ubuntu 20.04 akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda uku don daidaitaccen jigon Yaru:
- Haske,
- Duhu,
- Standard.
An kuma cire app ɗin Amazon. Ubuntu 20.04 yana amfani da sabon sigar azaman tsohuwar harsashi mai hoto .
Canje-canje masu mahimmanci
Ubuntu 20.04 ya dogara ne akan kernel 5.4, wanda aka saki a ranar Nuwamba 24, 2019. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, waɗanda za mu tattauna a ƙasa.
lz4
Injiniyoyin Canonical sun gwada algorithms na matsawa daban-daban don kernel da hoton taya initramfs, suna ƙoƙarin nemo cinikin tsakanin mafi kyawun matsawa (ƙaramin girman fayil) da lokacin ragewa. Algorithm na matsawa mara hasara lz4 ya nuna mafi kyawun sakamako kuma an ƙara shi zuwa Ubuntu 19.10, yana ba shi damar rage lokutan taya idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da suka gabata (Ubuntu 18.04 da 19.04). Algorithm iri ɗaya zai kasance a cikin Ubuntu 20.04.
Linux Lockdown Kernel
Siffar Lockdown tana haɓaka tsaron kernel na Linux ta hanyar hana damar yin amfani da ayyuka waɗanda za su iya ba da damar aiwatar da code na sabani ta hanyar lambar da tsarin mai amfani ya fallasa. A taƙaice, hatta tushen asusun mai amfani ba zai iya canza lambar kernel ba. Wannan yana ba ku damar rage lalacewa daga yuwuwar harin, koda lokacin da aka lalata tushen asusun. Don haka, gaba ɗaya tsaro na tsarin aiki yana ƙaruwa.
exFAT
Tsarin fayil ɗin Microsoft FAT baya ƙyale canja wurin fayiloli mafi girma fiye da 4 GB. Don shawo kan wannan iyakancewa, Microsoft ya ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil na exFAT (daga Ingilishi Extended FAT - “Extended FAT”). Yanzu zaku iya tsara, misali, kebul na USB zuwa exFAT ta amfani da exFAT tsarin fayil.
WireGuard
Yayin da Ubuntu 20.04 ba zai yi amfani da kwaya na 5.6 ba, aƙalla ba nan da nan ba, ya riga ya yi amfani da WireGuard backport a cikin kernel 5.4. WireGuard ne , haka hadawa a cikin kwaya ya riga ya ba Ubuntu 20.04 fa'ida a cikin hanyar girgije.
An gyara kuma yanzu aikace-aikace masu zare da yawa na iya gudu da sauri. An ƙara direba wanda ke ba ku damar aiki tare da zafin jiki da na'urori masu auna wutar lantarki na masu sarrafa Ryzen.
Waɗannan ba duk sabbin abubuwa bane waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin kernel 5.4. Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanai akan albarkatun (a Turanci) da kuma a kan forum (cikin Rashanci).
Amfani da Kubernetes
Canonical ya aiwatar da cikakken tallafi a cikin Ubuntu 20.04 tare da tallafi , и .
Shigar Kubectl akan Ubuntu 20.04:
# snap install kubectl --classic
kubectl 1.18.0 from Canonical ✓ installedYin amfani da SNAP
Canonical ya ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin fakitin duniya - karye. Wannan ma ya fi bayyana tare da sakin Ubuntu 20.04. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin gudanar da shirin da ba a sanya shi ba, to da farko za a ba ku damar shigar da shi ta amfani da:
# snap install <package>
Ingantattun tallafin ZFS
Ko da yake , har yanzu sanannen tsarin fayil ne kuma an ƙara tallafin gwaji tare da Ubuntu 19.10.
Yana da matukar dacewa da kwanciyar hankali don adana bayanai, rumbun ajiyar gida ɗaya ko ajiyar uwar garke a wurin aiki ("daga cikin akwatin" yana iya yin fiye da LVM iri ɗaya). ZFS tana goyan bayan girman rabo har zuwa 256 quadrillion Zettabytes (saboda haka "Z" a cikin sunan) kuma yana iya ɗaukar fayiloli har zuwa 16 Exabytes a girman.
ZFS na yin binciken amincin bayanai dangane da yadda ake sanya su akan faifai. Siffar kwafi-kan-rubutu yana tabbatar da cewa bayanan da ake amfani da su ba a sake rubuta su ba. Madadin haka, an rubuta sabon bayanin zuwa sabon toshe kuma ana sabunta metadata na tsarin fayil don nuna shi. ZFS yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar hotunan hoto (tsararrun tsarin fayil) waɗanda ke bin sauye-sauyen da aka yi ga tsarin fayil da musayar bayanai tare da shi don adana sararin diski.
ZFS tana ba da lissafin kuɗi ga kowane fayil akan faifai kuma koyaushe yana bincika matsayinsa akansa. Idan ya gano cewa fayil ɗin ya lalace, zai yi ƙoƙarin gyara shi ta atomatik. Mai sakawa Ubuntu yanzu yana da zaɓi na dabam wanda ke ba ku damar amfani da ZFS. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da tarihin ZFS da fasalinsa a cikin blog ɗin .
Barka da Python 2.X
An gabatar da nau'i na uku na Python a cikin 2008, amma ko da shekaru 12 ba su isa ba don ayyukan Python 2 su dace da shi.
Komawa a cikin Ubuntu 15.10, an yi ƙoƙarin yin watsi da Python 2, amma tallafin ya ci gaba. Kuma yanzu Afrilu 20, 2020 ya fito , wanda shine sabon saki na reshen Python 2. Ba za a sake samun sabuntawa ba.
Ubuntu 20.04 baya goyan bayan Python 2 kuma yana amfani da Python 3.8 azaman tsohuwar sigar Python. Abin takaici, akwai ayyukan Python 2 da yawa da suka rage a duniya, kuma a gare su canjin zuwa Ubuntu 20.04 na iya zama mai zafi.
Kuna iya shigar da sabon sigar Python 2 tare da umarni ɗaya:
# apt install python2.7Baya ga Python 3.8, masu haɓakawa na iya jin daɗin sabbin kayan aikin da suka haɗa da:
- MySQL 8
- glibc 2.31,
- Buɗe JDK 11
- PHP 7.4
- 5.30,
- Goyan baya 1.14.
Barka da 32 bits
Shekaru da yawa yanzu, Ubuntu bai samar da hotunan ISO don kwamfutocin 32-bit ba. A halin yanzu, masu amfani da nau'ikan 32-bit na Ubuntu na iya haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 18.04, amma ba za su ƙara haɓaka zuwa Ubuntu 20.04 ba. Wato, idan a halin yanzu kuna amfani da 32-bit Ubuntu 18.04, kuna iya kasancewa tare da shi har zuwa Afrilu 2023.
Yadda ake sabuntawa
Haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 20.04 daga sigogin da suka gabata yana da sauƙi kamar pears - kawai gudanar da umarni masu zuwa:
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
# sudo do-release-upgradeMuna farin cikin sanar da cewa Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) an riga an samo shi azaman hoto don injunan kama-da-wane a cikin mu. . Ƙirƙiri kayan aikin IT na yau da kullun ta amfani da sabuwar software!
UPS: Masu amfani da Ubuntu 19.10 za su iya haɓaka zuwa 20.04 yanzu, kuma masu amfani da Ubuntu 18.04 za su iya haɓakawa bayan fitowar 20.04.1, wanda aka shirya don fitarwa a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2020.
source: www.habr.com