23 APR saki Ubuntu sigar 20.04, wacce aka sanya mata suna Focal Fossa, wacce ita ce fitowa ta gaba. Ubuntu don tallafi na dogon lokaci (LTS) kuma ci gaba ne Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, an sake shi a shekarar 2018.
Ɗan bayani game da sunan lambar. Kalmar "Mai da hankali" tana nufin "mafi mahimmanci" ko "mafi mahimmanci ɓangare," ma'ana mai da hankali, cibiyar halaye, abubuwan mamaki, ko abubuwan da suka faru. "Fossa" ta samo asali ne daga "FOSS" (Software Kyauta da Buɗaɗɗen Tushe), kuma tana bin al'adar sanya suna ga sigar. Ubuntu ma'anar sunayen dabbobi - mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin civet daga tsibirin Madagascar.
Masu haɓaka suna matsayi Ubuntu 20.04 a matsayin babban sabuntawa mai nasara tare da tallafi na shekaru 5 masu zuwa ga kwamfutocin tebur da sabar.
Ubuntu 20.04 ci gaba ne mai ma'ana Ubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo" da kuma Ubuntu 19.10 "Eoan Ermine". Dangane da sabbin abubuwan da suka faru, sigar tebur yanzu tana da wani jigo mai duhu. Don haka, a cikin Ubuntu Tun daga ranar 20.04, akwai nau'ikan jigogi uku na jigon Yaru na yau da kullun:
- Haske,
- Duhu,
- Standard.
An kuma cire manhajar Amazon. Ubuntu 20.04 yana amfani da sabuwar sigar azaman harsashi mai hoto na asali .
Canje-canje masu mahimmanci
Ubuntu 20.04 ya dogara ne akan kernel 5.4, wanda aka saki a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2019. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, waɗanda za mu tattauna a ƙasa.
lz4
Injiniyoyin Canonical sun gwada nau'ikan algorithms na matsawa daban-daban don kernel da hoton farko na boot, initramfs, suna ƙoƙarin nemo sulhu tsakanin mafi kyawun matsi (ƙaramin girman fayil) da lokacin rage matsi. Algorithm ɗin matsawa mara asara lz4 ya nuna sakamako mafi bayyane kuma an ƙara shi zuwa Ubuntu 19.10, wanda ya ba shi damar rage lokutan lodawa idan aka kwatanta da fitowar da ta gabata (Ubuntu 18.04 da 19.04). Za a kiyaye wannan tsarin a cikin Ubuntu 20.04.
Linux Makullin Kullewa
Fasalin Lockdown yana ƙara tsaron kernel Linux, yana takaita damar shiga ayyukan da za su iya ba da damar aiwatar da lambar ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ta hanyar lambar da hanyoyin masu amfani suka bayar. A taƙaice dai, har ma asusun babban mai amfani da tushen ba zai iya canza lambar kernel ba. Wannan yana rage lalacewar da ka iya faruwa daga hari, koda lokacin da aka lalata asusun tushen. Wannan kuma yana inganta tsaron tsarin aiki gaba ɗaya.
exFAT
Tsarin fayil ɗin Microsoft FAT baya ƙyale canja wurin fayiloli mafi girma fiye da 4 GB. Don shawo kan wannan iyakancewa, Microsoft ya ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil na exFAT (daga Ingilishi Extended FAT - “Extended FAT”). Yanzu zaku iya tsara, misali, kebul na USB zuwa exFAT ta amfani da exFAT tsarin fayil.
WireGuard
Ko da yake Ubuntu 20.04 ba zai yi amfani da kernel 5.6 ba, aƙalla ba nan da nan ba, ya riga ya yi amfani da backport. WireGuard a cikin kernel 5.4. WireGuard Shin , haka hadawa a cikin zuciyar yana da fa'ida Ubuntu 20.04 a cikin alkiblar gajimare.
An gyara kuma yanzu aikace-aikace masu zare da yawa na iya gudu da sauri. An ƙara direba wanda ke ba ku damar aiki tare da zafin jiki da na'urori masu auna wutar lantarki na masu sarrafa Ryzen.
Waɗannan ba duk sabbin abubuwa bane waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin kernel 5.4. Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanai akan albarkatun (a Turanci) da kuma a kan forum (cikin Rashanci).
Amfani da Kubernetes
An aiwatar da Canonical a cikin Ubuntu Cikakken tallafi 20.04 tare da tallafi , и .
Shigar da Kubectl a cikin Ubuntu 20.04:
# snap install kubectl --classic
kubectl 1.18.0 from Canonical ✓ installedYin amfani da SNAP
Canonical ya ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin kunshin duniya, snap. Wannan ya fi bayyana a cikin fitowar. Ubuntu Afrilu 20.04. Idan ka yi ƙoƙarin gudanar da wani shiri wanda ba a shigar da shi ba, da farko za a umarce ka da ka shigar da shi ta amfani da:
# snap install <package>
Ingantattun tallafin ZFS
Ko da yake , har yanzu yana nan a matsayin sanannen tsarin fayil kuma an ƙara tallafin gwaji tare da Ubuntu 19.10.
Yana da matukar dacewa da kwanciyar hankali don adana bayanai, rumbun ajiyar gida ɗaya ko ajiyar uwar garke a wurin aiki ("daga cikin akwatin" yana iya yin fiye da LVM iri ɗaya). ZFS tana goyan bayan girman rabo har zuwa 256 quadrillion Zettabytes (saboda haka "Z" a cikin sunan) kuma yana iya ɗaukar fayiloli har zuwa 16 Exabytes a girman.
ZFS na yin binciken amincin bayanai dangane da yadda ake sanya su akan faifai. Siffar kwafi-kan-rubutu yana tabbatar da cewa bayanan da ake amfani da su ba a sake rubuta su ba. Madadin haka, an rubuta sabon bayanin zuwa sabon toshe kuma ana sabunta metadata na tsarin fayil don nuna shi. ZFS yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar hotunan hoto (tsararrun tsarin fayil) waɗanda ke bin sauye-sauyen da aka yi ga tsarin fayil da musayar bayanai tare da shi don adana sararin diski.
ZFS tana sanya jimlar kuɗi ga kowane fayil da ke kan faifai kuma tana tabbatar da yanayinsa a kansa. Idan ta gano cewa fayil ya lalace, zai yi ƙoƙarin gyara shi ta atomatik. A cikin shirin saitawa. Ubuntu An ƙara wani zaɓi daban wanda zai ba ku damar amfani da ZFS. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin bayani game da tarihin ZFS da fasalullukansa a cikin shafin yanar gizon. .
Barka da Python 2.X
An gabatar da nau'i na uku na Python a cikin 2008, amma ko da shekaru 12 ba su isa ba don ayyukan Python 2 su dace da shi.
Ƙari a cikin Ubuntu A ranar 15.10 ga Oktoba, an yi ƙoƙarin yin watsi da Python 2, amma goyon bayansa ya ci gaba. Kuma yanzu, a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2020, an sake shi. , wanda shine sabon saki na reshen Python 2. Ba za a sake samun sabuntawa ba.
Ubuntu 20.04 ba ya goyon bayan Python 2 kuma yana amfani da Python 3.8 a matsayin sigar Python ta asali. Abin takaici, har yanzu akwai ayyuka da yawa a duniya waɗanda ke aiki da Python 2, kuma a gare su, suna canzawa zuwa Ubuntu 20.04 na iya zama mai zafi.
Kuna iya shigar da sabon sigar Python 2 tare da umarni ɗaya:
# apt install python2.7Baya ga Python 3.8, masu haɓakawa na iya jin daɗin sabbin kayan aikin da suka haɗa da:
- MySQL 8
- glibc 2.31,
- Buɗe JDK 11
- PHP 7.4
- 5.30,
- Goyan baya 1.14.
Barka da 32 bits
Shekaru da dama yanzu Ubuntu ba ya samar da hotunan ISO ga kwamfutocin bit 32. A halin yanzu, masu amfani da nau'ikan bit 32 da ke akwai Ubuntu za a iya ci gaba Ubuntu 18.04, amma kafin Ubuntu Sabunta 20.04 ba zai yiwu ba. Wato, idan a halin yanzu kuna amfani da sigar bit 32 Ubuntu 18.04, to za ku iya zama tare da ita har zuwa Afrilu 2023.
Yadda ake sabuntawa
Haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 20.04 daga sigar da ta gabata yana da sauƙi kamar kek - kawai gudanar da waɗannan umarni:
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
# sudo do-release-upgradeMuna farin cikin sanar da hakan Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) yanzu yana samuwa azaman hoton injin kama-da-wane a cikin na'urar mu ta mu . Ƙirƙiri kayan aikin IT na yau da kullun ta amfani da sabuwar software!
UPS: Masu amfani Ubuntu 10/19 zai iya sabuntawa zuwa 04/20 yanzu, kuma masu amfani Ubuntu 18.04 za ta iya sabuntawa bayan fitowar 20.04.1, wanda aka tsara a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2020.
source: www.habr.com
