🥇Lab: kafa lvm, hari akan Linux

Karamin digression: wannan LR roba ne.
Wasu daga cikin ayyukan da aka kwatanta a nan za a iya yin su da sauƙi, amma tun da aikin l / r shine sanin
tare da hare-hare da ayyukan lvm, wasu ayyuka suna da rikitarwa ta wucin gadi.

Abubuwan buƙatun kayan aikin don yin LR:

Kayan aikin haɓakawa kamar Virtualbox
Hoton shigarwa na Linux, misali Debian 9
Samuwar Intanet don zazzage fakiti da yawa
Haɗa ta ssh zuwa VM da aka shigar (na zaɓi)

TAMBAYA

Wannan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da alaƙa da irin wannan al'amari mai da hankali kamar tsaro na bayanai - wannan yanki ne inda
wanda ke ba ku damar rasa duk bayanan ku saboda mafi ƙarancin kuskure - ƙarin harafi ɗaya ko lamba.
Tunda aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kake yi, ba ka da wani hadari, sai dai kawai ka sake fara yi.
A cikin rayuwa ta ainihi, duk abin da ya fi tsanani, don haka ya kamata ka shigar da sunayen tuƙi a hankali, fahimta
menene ainihin abin da kuke yi tare da umarnin yanzu da kuma waɗanne faifai kuke aiki da su.

Batu na biyu mai mahimmanci shine sunan faifai da ɓangarori: dangane da yanayin, lambobin diski na iya bambanta
daga waɗannan dabi'u waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin umarni a cikin aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Don haka, alal misali, idan kun cire sda faifai daga tsararru sannan ku ƙara sabon faifai, sabon faifan za a nuna.
akan tsarin mai suna sda. Idan ka sake yi kafin ƙara sabon faifai, to sabon
faifan za a sanya masa suna sdb, tsohon kuma za a kira shi sda

Dole ne a gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje azaman mai amfani (tushen) kamar yadda yawancin umarni ke buƙata
manyan gata kuma ba shi da ma'ana don ci gaba da haɓaka gata ta hanyar sudo

Kayayyakin Karatu

hari
LVM
Sunan diski a cikin Linux OS
Menene sashe
Mene ne tebur partition kuma a ina aka adana shi?
Menene grub

Abubuwan amfani

1) duba bayanan diski

lsblk -o SUNA, GIRMAN, FSTYPE, TYPE, Dutsen
fdisk -l
2) duba bayanai da aiki tare da LVM
pvs
pvextend
pvcreata
pvsize
da dai sauransu
vgreduce
maido
lvextend
3) duba bayanai da aiki tare da RAID
cat /proc/mdstat
madam
4) hawan maki
Dutsen
cika
cat /etc/fstab
cat /etc/mtab
5) Rarraba diski
fdisk /dev/XXX
6) kwafi partitions
dd idan =/dev/xxx na =/dev/yyy
7) aiki tare da tebur partition
partx
sfdisk
mkfs. na hudu
8) aiki tare da bootloader
grub-install /dev/XXX
sabunta-grub
9) Misc
mayanar
dace
rsync

Aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya ƙunshi sassa 3:

kafa tsarin aiki ta amfani da lvm, hari
kwaikwayon daya daga cikin gazawar faifai
maye gurbin faifai akan tashi, ƙara sabbin faifai da sassa masu motsi.

Aiki 1 (shigarwar OS da daidaitawar LVM, RAID)

1) Ƙirƙiri sabon injin kama-da-wane, yana ba shi halaye masu zuwa:

1 gb rago
1 cpu
2 hdd (suna su ssd1, ssd2 kuma sanya masu girma dabam, duba swap mai zafi da akwatunan ssd)
An saita mai sarrafa SATA don tashoshin jiragen ruwa 4

2) Fara shigar da Linux kuma lokacin da kuka isa zabar rumbun kwamfyuta, yi waɗannan:

Hanyar rabuwa: manual, bayan haka ya kamata ka ga wannan hoton:
Saita wani bangare na daban don /boot: Zaɓi diski na farko kuma ƙirƙirar sabon tebur na bangare akansa
- Girman rabo: 512M
- Matsayin Dutsen: /boot
- Maimaita saitunan don faifai na biyu, amma tunda ba za ku iya hawa / boot sau biyu a lokaci guda ba, zaɓi mount point: babu, ƙarshe samun mai zuwa (hoto tare da jamb, ya yi kasala don sake gyara shi):
Saitin RAID:
- Zaɓi sarari kyauta akan faifan farko kuma saita nau'in ɓangaren azaman ƙarar jiki don RAID
- Zaɓi "An gama saitin partition"
- Maimaita saitunan iri ɗaya don faifai na biyu, yana haifar da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Zaɓi "Sanya software RAID"
- Ƙirƙiri na'urar MD
- Nau'in na'urar RAID na software: Zaɓi tsararrun madubi
- Na'urori masu aiki don tsararrun RAID XXXX: Zaɓi duka abubuwan tafiyarwa
- Kayan na'ura: Bar 0 azaman tsoho
- Na'urori masu aiki don tsararrun RAID XX: zaɓi ɓangarori waɗanda kuka ƙirƙira ƙarƙashin hari
- Gama
- Sakamakon haka, yakamata ku sami hoto kamar haka:
Saita LVM: Zaɓi Sanya Manajan Ƙarar Ma'ana
- Rike shimfidar bangare na yanzu kuma saita LVM: Ee
- Ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar girma
- Sunan rukunin ƙara: tsarin
- Na'urori don sabon rukunin girma: Zaɓi RAID da kuka ƙirƙira
- Ƙirƙiri ƙarar hankali
- ma'ana girma sunan: tushen
- Girman ƙarar ma'ana: 25 na girman faifan ku
- Ƙirƙiri ƙarar hankali
- ma'ana girma sunan: var
- Girman ƙarar ma'ana: 25 na girman faifan ku
- Ƙirƙiri ƙarar hankali
- Sunan ƙarar ma'ana: log
- Girman ƙarar ma'ana: 15 na girman faifan ku
- Ta zaɓar cikakkun bayanan sanyi na Nuni ya kamata ku sami hoto mai zuwa:
- Da zarar kun gama saita LVM ya kamata ku ga abubuwan da ke gaba:
Tsarin rarrabuwa: ɗaya bayan ɗaya, zaɓi kowane ƙarar da aka ƙirƙira a cikin LVM kuma ka tsara su, misali, don tushen kamar haka:
- Amfani kamar: ext4
- wurin hawa: /
- Sakamakon yin alama ga tushen bangare yakamata yayi kama da haka:
- maimaita aikin rarrabuwa don var da log, zaɓar wuraren da suka dace (/ var da / var / log ɗin shigar da hannu), samun sakamako mai zuwa:
- Zaɓi Gama Rarraba
- Za a yi muku tambayoyi da yawa game da gaskiyar cewa har yanzu kuna da ɓangaren da ba a kwance ba kuma ba a daidaita musanyawa ba. Duk tambayoyin biyu yakamata a amsa su cikin mummunan hali.
Sakamakon karshe yakamata yayi kama da haka:

3) Kammala shigarwar OS ta hanyar shigar da grub akan na'urar farko (sda) kuma tada tsarin.
4) Kwafi abubuwan da ke cikin ɓangaren /boot daga sda drive (ssd1) zuwa sdb drive (ssd2)
```
dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1
```
5) Sanya grub akan na'urar ta biyu:

duba faifai a cikin tsarin:

fdisk -l
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

Jera duk faifan diski waɗanda umarnin da ya gabata ya ba ku kuma ku bayyana irin faifan diski
Nemo motar da ba a shigar da grub ba kuma yi wannan shigarwa:
grub-install /dev/sdb
duba bayani game da harin na yanzu tare da umarnin cat /proc/mdstat kuma rubuta abin da kuke gani.
duba fitar da umarni: pvs, vgs, lvs, Dutsen kuma rubuta ainihin abin da kuka gani.

Bayyana a cikin kalmomin ku abin da kuka yi da kuma sakamakon da kuka samu daga aikin.

Bayan kammala wannan aikin, ana ba da shawarar adana kwafin madadin babban fayil ɗin inji ko yin
akwati mai ban mamaki: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Sakamako: Injin Virtual tare da faifai ssd1, ssd2

Aiki na 2 (Emulating gazawar daya daga cikin faifai)

1) Idan kun duba akwatin musanya mai zafi, to zaku iya goge diski akan tashi

Share diski ssd1 a cikin kayan injin
Nemo kundin adireshi inda ake adana fayilolin injin ɗin ku kuma share ssd1.vmdk
2) Tabbatar cewa na'urarka ta kama-da-wane tana aiki
3) Sake kunna na'urar kama-da-wane kuma tabbatar da cewa har yanzu tana gudana
4) duba matsayin tsararrun RAID: cat /proc/mdstat
5) ƙara sabon faifai mai girman iri ɗaya a cikin VM interface kuma sanya masa suna ssd3
6) Yi aiki:
duba cewa sabon faifan ya shigo cikin tsarin ta amfani da fdisk -l
kwafi teburin ɓangaren daga tsohon faifai zuwa sabon: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
duba sakamakon ta amfani da fdisk -l
Ƙara sabon faifai zuwa tsararrun hari: mdadm — sarrafa /dev/md0 — ƙara / dev/YYY
Dubi sakamakon: cat /proc/mdstat. Ya kamata ku ga an fara aiki tare
7) Yanzu kuna buƙatar aiki tare da hannu da hannu waɗanda ba na RAID ba.
Don yin wannan, za mu yi amfani da dd utility, yin kwafa daga faifan "live" zuwa sabon wanda kuka shigar kwanan nan.
```
dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY
```
8) Bayan an gama aiki tare, shigar da grub akan sabon drive
9) Sake kunna VM don tabbatar da cewa komai yana aiki
Bayyana a cikin kalmomin ku abin da kuka yi da kuma sakamakon da kuka samu daga aikin.
Sakamako: An cire Disk ssd1, an ajiye diski ssd2, an ƙara diski ssd3.

Aiki na 3 (Ƙara sababbin faifai da motsi bangare)

Wannan shine mafi hadaddun aiki kuma mafi girman aiki na duk wanda aka gabatar.
Bincika sosai abin da kuke yi da waɗanne fayafai da ɓangarori.
Ana ba da shawarar yin kwafi kafin gudanar da shi.
Wannan aikin ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga aikin No. 2; ana iya yin shi bayan aikin No. 1, gyara don sunayen diski.
Sashi na biyu na wannan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje yakamata ya kai ga daidai yanayin da ya kasance bayan kammala sashin farko.

Don sauƙaƙe aikinku, zan iya ba da shawarar kada ku cire faifai ta jiki daga na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, amma kawai
cire haɗin su a cikin kayan injin. Daga ra'ayi na OS a cikin VM zai yi kama da daidai, amma zaka iya
idan wani abu ya faru, haɗa faifan baya kuma ci gaba da aikin ta hanyar mirgina maki biyu, idan
kuna fuskantar matsaloli. Misali, ƙila kun yi shi ba daidai ba ko manta da kwafin ɓangaren /boot zuwa sabon faifai.
Zan iya ba ku shawara kawai da ku bincika sau biyu faifai da ɓangarorin da kuke aiki da su sau da yawa, ko ma mafi kyau
Rubuta rubutu a kan takarda tsakanin faifai, ɓangarori da lambar diski na “jiki”. Kyakykyawan bishiya mai haske
tawagar zana lsblk, Yi amfani da shi sau da yawa don yin nazarin abin da kuka yi da abin da kuke buƙatar yi.

Zuwa labarin...

Ka yi tunanin cewa uwar garken naka ya daɗe yana gudana akan 2 SSD drives, lokacin da kwatsam...

1) Yi kwaikwayon gazawar ssd2 ta hanyar cire faifai daga kayan VM da sake kunnawa
2) Duba halin yanzu na diski da RAID:
```
cat /proc/mdstat
fdisk -l
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
3) Kuna da sa'a - shugabanninku sun ba ku damar siyan sabbin diski da yawa:

2 babban ƙarfin SATA don aikin da ba a daɗe ba na motsa ɓangaren tare da rajistan ayyukan zuwa faifai daban.

2 SSDs don maye gurbin wanda ya mutu, da kuma maye gurbin wanda har yanzu yana aiki.

Lura cewa kwandon uwar garken yana goyan bayan shigar da faifai 4 kawai a lokaci guda,
don haka, ba za ku iya ƙara duk faifai a lokaci ɗaya ba.

Zaɓi ƙarfin HDD sau 2 ya fi SSD girma.
Ƙarfin SSD ya fi girma sau 1,25 fiye da tsohuwar SSD.

4) Ƙara sabon ssd disk guda ɗaya, kuna kiran shi ssd4, sannan bayan ƙarawa, duba abin da ya faru:
```
fdisk -l
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
5) Da farko, ya kamata ku kula da amincin bayanan da ke cikin tsohuwar faifai.
A wannan lokacin za mu canja wurin bayanai ta amfani da LVM:
- Da farko, kuna buƙatar kwafi teburin fayil daga tsohuwar faifai zuwa sabon:
```
sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
```
  Sauya madaidaitan faifai don x,y kuma gano abin da wannan umarni yake yi.
  
  Guda umurnin lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT kuma kwatanta abin da yake fitarwa da kiran da ya gabata.
  Me ya canza?
  yi amfani da umarnin dd don kwafe bayanan /boot zuwa sabon faifai
```
dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY
```
  idan/boot ya kasance a ɗora akan tsohon faifai, yakamata a sake saka shi akan faifai mai rai:
```
mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
# Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск
```
  Sanya bootloader akan sabon ssd drive
```
grub-install /dev/YYY
```
  Me yasa muke yin wannan aikin?
  
  ƙirƙiri sabon tsarin hari wanda ya haɗa da sabon ssd disk guda ɗaya kawai:
```
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY
```
  Umurnin da ke sama ba zai yi aiki ba tare da ƙayyade maɓalli na musamman ba.
  Karanta taimako kuma ƙara wannan maɓallin zuwa umarnin.
  
  Yi amfani da umarnin cat /proc/mdstat don bincika sakamakon aikin ku. Me ya canza?
  Guda umurnin lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT kuma kwatanta abin da yake fitarwa da kiran da ya gabata.
  Me ya canza?
  6) Mataki na gaba shine saita LVM
  gudanar da umarnin pvs don duba bayani game da kundin jiki na yanzu
  ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarar jiki gami da tsararrun RAID da aka ƙirƙira a baya:
```
pvcreate /dev/md63
```
  Guda umurnin lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT kuma kwatanta abin da yake fitarwa da kiran da ya gabata.
  Me ya canza?
  Gudura umarnin pvs kuma. Me ya canza?
  Bari mu ƙara girman tsarin Rukunin Ƙarar ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
```
vgextend system /dev/md63
```
  Gudanar da umarni kuma rubuta abin da kuka gani da abin da ya canza.
```
vgdisplay system -v
pvs
vgs
lvs -a -o+devices
```
  A kan wane faifan jiki ne LV var, log, tushen tushen yake a halin yanzu?
  
  Matsar da bayanai daga tsohuwar faifai zuwa sabuwar, ta amfani da madaidaitan sunayen na'ura.
```
pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 
```
  Maimaita aikin don duk kundin ma'ana
  
  Gudanar da umarni kuma rubuta abin da kuka gani da abin da ya canza.
```
vgdisplay system -v
pvs
vgs
lvs -a -o+devices
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
  Bari mu canza VG ɗinmu ta hanyar cire tsohuwar faifan hari daga ciki. Sauya sunan hari daidai.
```
vgreduce system /dev/md0
```
  Gudanar da umarni kuma rubuta abin da kuka gani da abin da ya canza.
```
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
pvs
vgs
```
  Don sanya hoton ya fi kyau, sake hawa/boot zuwa diski na ssd na biyu (ssd4) kuma kunna lsblk. A sakamakon haka, ssd3 disk ba ya
  bai kamata a dora komai ba. Bincika a hankali cewa ɓangaren / boot ɗin ba komai bane! ls /boot dole ne a nuna
  fayiloli da manyan fayiloli da yawa. Yi nazarin abin da aka adana a cikin wannan sashe kuma rubuta abin da directory fayil ke da alhakin menene.
  7) cire ssd3 disk kuma ƙara ssd5, hdd1, hdd2 bisa ga ƙayyadaddun fasaha da aka bayyana a sama, yana haifar da:
  ssd4 - sabon ssd na farko
  ssd5 - sabon ssd na biyu
  hdd1 - sabon hdd na farko
  hdd2 - sabon hdd na biyu
  
  8) Duba abin da ya faru bayan ƙara faifai:
```
fdisk -l
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
  9) Bari mu mayar da aiki na babban hari tsararru:
  - kwafi teburin bangare, maye gurbin daidaitattun diski:
```
sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
```
  - Lura cewa lokacin da muka kwafi teburin ɓangaren daga tsohuwar faifai, ya zama kamar sabon girman
    baya amfani da dukkan karfin rumbun kwamfutarka.
    Don haka, nan ba da jimawa ba za mu bukaci sake mayar da wannan bangare kuma mu fadada farmakin.
    Duba da kanku ta hanyar gudanar da umarni:
```
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
    10) kwafi partition/boot daga ssd4 zuwa ssd5
```
dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY
```
    11) Sanya grub akan sabon drive (ssd5)
    12) mayar da girman bangare na biyu na ssd5 disk
    
    gudanar da utility partitioning faifai:
```
fdisk /dev/XXX
```
    shigar da maɓallin d don share ɓangaren da ke ciki (zabi 2)
    shigar da maɓallin n don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare
    shigar da maɓallin p don nuna nau'in bangare shine "primary"
    shigar da maɓalli 2 domin sabon bangare ya sami lamba ta biyu
    Bangaren farko: latsa shigar don karɓar girman ƙididdiga ta atomatik na farkon ɓangaren
    Bangaren ƙarshe: danna shigar don karɓar girman ƙididdigewa ta atomatik na ƙarshen ɓangaren
    shigar da maɓallin l don ganin jerin duk nau'ikan ɓangarori masu yuwuwa kuma nemo kai hari ta Linux a ciki
    shigar da maɓallin t don canza nau'in ɓangaren da aka ƙirƙira (2) kuma shigar da lambar da aka samo a matakin da ya gabata.
    shigar da maɓallin w don rubuta canjin zuwa diski.
    12) sake karanta teburin bangare kuma duba sakamakon
```
partx -u /dev/XXX
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
    ƙara sabon faifai zuwa jerin hare-hare na yanzu (kada ku manta da musanya madaidaitan faifai)
```
mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2
```
    Bari mu fadada adadin diski a cikin tsararrun mu zuwa 2:
```
mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2
```
    Dubi sakamakon: muna da tsararraki 2 da aka yiwa alama, amma duka sassan da aka haɗa cikin wannan tsararrun suna da girma dabam dabam.
```
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
    13) ƙara girman partition akan ssd4 disk
    
    gudanar da utility partitioning faifai:
```
fdisk /dev/XXX
```
    shigar da maɓallin d don share ɓangaren da ke ciki (zabi 2)
    shigar da maɓallin n don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare
    shigar da maɓallin p don nuna nau'in bangare shine "primary"
    shigar da maɓalli 2 domin sabon bangare ya sami lamba ta biyu
    Bangaren farko: latsa shigar don karɓar girman ƙididdiga ta atomatik na farkon ɓangaren
    Bangaren ƙarshe: danna shigar don karɓar girman ƙididdigewa ta atomatik na ƙarshen ɓangaren
    A ƙarshen alamar, zaɓi A'a don barin sa hannun membobin ƙungiyar a cikin tsararru.
    shigar da maɓallin w don rubuta canjin zuwa diski.
    12) sake karanta teburin bangare kuma duba sakamakon
```
partx -u /dev/XXX
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
```
    Lura cewa yanzu sda2, sassan sdc2 suna da girman> fiye da girman na'urar hari.
    
    13) A wannan mataki za a iya fadada girman girman a yanzu
```
mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result
```
    Bincika lsblk kuma lura da abin da ya canza
    14) Duk da haka, kodayake mun canza girman harin, girman tushen vg, var, log da kansu bai canza ba.
    - duba girman PV:
```
pvs
```
    - Bari mu fadada girman PV namu:
```
pvresize /dev/md63
```
    - duba girman PV:
```
pvs
```
      15) Ƙara sabon wurin da aka bayyana VG var, tushen
```
lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
lvs # проверьте что получилось
```
      A wannan gaba, kun gama ƙaura babban jeri zuwa sababbin faifai. aiki tare da ssd1, ssd2 an gama
      
      16) Ayyukanmu na gaba shine matsawa /var/log zuwa sababbin faifai, don wannan za mu ƙirƙiri sabon array da lvm akan hdd disks.
      - bari mu ga sunaye sabbin HDD drives suke da su
        fdisk -l
      - bari mu ƙirƙiri wani hari tsararru
        mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
      - bari mu ƙirƙiri sabon PV akan hari daga manyan faifai
        pvcreate data /dev/md127
      - Bari mu ƙirƙiri ƙungiya a cikin wannan PV da ake kira bayanai
        vgcreate data /dev/md127
      - Bari mu ƙirƙiri ƙarar ma'ana tare da girman duk sarari kyauta kuma mu kira shi val_log
        lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат
      - tsara partition ɗin da aka ƙirƙira a cikin ext4
        mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log
      - mu ga sakamakon
        lsblk
        
        17) Canja wurin bayanan log daga tsohon bangare zuwa sabon
        
        shigar da sabon ma'ajiyar log na ɗan lokaci
        
        mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt
        
        bari mu daidaita partitions
        
        apt install rsync rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/
        
        Bari mu gano waɗanne matakai ne ke gudana a halin yanzu a /var/log
        
        apt install lsof lsof | grep '/var/log'
        
        dakatar da wadannan matakai
        
        systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket
        
        yi aiki tare na ƙarshe na ɓangarori (bayanai waɗanda ƙila sun canza tun aiki tare na ƙarshe)
        
        rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/
        
        musanya sassan
        
        umount /mnt umount /var/log mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log
        
        mu duba abin da ya faru
        
        lsblk
        
        18) Shirya /etc/fstab
        fstab - fayil ɗin da ke yin rikodin ƙa'idodin da za'a shigar da ɓangarori a boot
        Aikinmu shine nemo layin da /var/log aka dora da gyara na'urar system-log a kan data-var_log
        
        19) Abu mafi mahimmanci a wannan mataki shine kar a manta da canza teburin radela (ext4, alal misali). Domin duk yadda muka canza kowane hari, lvm, har sai an sanar da FS akan sashin cewa girman ɓangaren ya canza, ba za mu iya amfani da sabon sarari ba. Yi amfani da umarnin resize2fs Canje-canje a cikin FS.
        
        20) Karshe
        
        Mu sake yi. Idan kun yi komai daidai, za a mayar da ku zuwa OS ɗinku (wannan wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa komai yana aiki. Wannan matakin ba shi da ma'ana face gwada kansa).
        
        duba cewa duk abin da muke son yi an yi shi da gaske:
        pvs lvs vgs lsblk cat /proc/mdstat
        
        21) [ZABI] Bi matakan
        
        sake yi ta latsa F12 don saka maɓalli daban-daban lokacin yin booting don tabbatar da cewa za ku iya taya
        daga kowane ɗayan ssd ɗin, don kada mu ji tsoron gazawar ɗayansu
        
        yanzu kuna da tsarin LV ɗin da ba dole ba a cikin tsarin VG. Rarraba wannan sarari tsakanin tushen ko var, amma maimakon amfani
        ƙira 100% KYAUTA ƙayyade girman da hannu ta amfani da maɓallin -L:
        
        -L 500M
        
        gyara matsalar cewa / boot ɗin yana samuwa akan sassa biyu ba tare da aiki tare ba, babu buƙatar yin wannan daidai,
        an kara shi a nan a matsayin misali. Kar a manta da kwafin abubuwan da ke cikin /boot a wani wuri da farko.
        
        ƙirƙirar sabon hari kuma haɗa da sda1,sda2 a ciki
        
        haɗa waɗannan ɓangarori a cikin farmakin da ke akwai kuma a mayar da /boot zuwa babban hari, amma ba tare da hawansa ba.

source: www.habr.com

Lab: kafa lvm, hari akan Linux