Muna ci gaba da nutsewa cikin duniyar zance mai ban sha'awa ... magance matsala ta rajistan ayyukan. IN mun yarda da ma'anar ainihin kalmomin kuma mun kalli tsarin Veeam gabaɗaya a matsayin aikace-aikace guda ɗaya da ido ɗaya. Ayyukan wannan shine gano yadda ake ƙirƙirar fayilolin log, wane nau'in bayanan da aka nuna a cikinsu da kuma dalilin da yasa suke kallon yadda suke.
Menene ku ke ganin waɗannan "gijiyoyin"? A cewar mafi yawancin, logs na kowane aikace-aikacen ya kamata a ba su matsayin wani nau'in mahalli mai iko wanda mafi yawan lokaci yana tsiro a wani wuri a bayan gida, amma a daidai lokacin ya bayyana a waje da makamai masu haske kuma yana ceton kowa. Wato ya kamata su ƙunshi komai, tun daga ƙananan kurakurai a kowane bangare zuwa ma'amalar bayanai guda ɗaya. Kuma ta yadda bayan kuskuren nan da nan aka rubuta yadda za a gyara shi. Kuma duk wannan yakamata ya dace da megabytes biyu, babu ƙari. Rubutu ne kawai! Fayilolin rubutu ba za su iya ɗaukar dubun gigabytes ba, na ji shi a wani wuri!
Don haka rajistan ayyukan
A cikin duniyar gaske, rajistan ayyukan tarihin bayanai ne kawai. Kuma abin da za a adana a can, inda za a sami bayanai don ajiya da kuma yadda ya kamata ya zama cikakkun bayanai, ya rage ga masu haɓakawa su yanke shawara. Wani yana bin hanyar minimalism ta hanyar adana bayanan matakin ON / KASHE, kuma wani yana rakes duk abin da zai iya kaiwa. Ko da yake akwai kuma zaɓi na tsaka-tsaki tare da ikon zaɓar abin da ake kira Level Logging, lokacin da kai da kanka ke nuna cikakken bayanin da kake son adanawa da nawa ƙarin sararin faifai da kake da shi =) VBR yana da irin waɗannan matakan guda shida, ta hanyar. Kuma, yi imani da ni, ba kwa son ganin abin da zai faru tare da mafi cikakken shiga tare da sarari kyauta akan faifan ku.
Lafiya. Mun fahimci kusan abin da muke son adanawa, amma tambaya ta dace ta taso: daga ina za mu sami wannan bayanin? Tabbas, muna samar da wani ɓangare na abubuwan da suka faru don shigar da kanmu ta hanyoyin mu na ciki. Amma menene za a yi idan akwai hulɗa tare da yanayin waje? Don kar a zamewa cikin tarkace da kekuna, Veeam ba ya ƙirƙiro abubuwan ƙirƙira waɗanda aka riga aka ƙirƙira. A duk lokacin da akwai API ɗin da aka shirya, ginanniyar aikin, ɗakin karatu, da sauransu, za mu ba da fifiko ga zaɓin da aka ƙera kafin mu fara shinge abubuwan hana mu. Ko da yake na baya ma ya isa. Don haka, lokacin da ake nazarin rajistan ayyukan, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kaso mafi tsoka na kurakurai ya faɗi akan saƙonni daga APIs na ɓangare na uku, kiran tsarin, da sauran ɗakunan karatu. A wannan yanayin, aikin VBR yana saukowa don tura waɗannan kurakurai zuwa fayilolin log. Kuma babban aikin mai amfani shine ya koyi fahimtar wane layi daga wanene, kuma menene wannan "wanda" ke da alhakin. Don haka idan lambar kuskure daga log ɗin VBR ta ɗauke ku zuwa shafin MSDN, hakan yayi kyau kuma daidai.
Kamar yadda muka yarda a baya: Veeam shine abin da ake kira aikace-aikacen tushen SQL. Wannan yana nufin cewa duk saituna, duk bayanai da kuma gaba ɗaya duk abin da kawai wajibi ne don aiki na yau da kullum - duk abin da aka adana a cikin database. Saboda haka gaskiya mai sauƙi: abin da ba a cikin rajistan ayyukan ya fi dacewa a cikin bayanan. Amma wannan ba harsashin azurfa ba ne: wasu abubuwa ba su cikin ma'ajiyar kayan aikin Veeam, ko a cikin bayanan sa. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar koyon yadda ake nazarin rajistan ayyukan mai watsa shiri, rajistan ayyukan na'ura na gida da rajistan ayyukan duk abin da ke cikin tsarin wariyar ajiya da maidowa. Kuma yana faruwa cewa bayanan da ake buƙata ba su samuwa a ko'ina ko kaɗan. Wannan ita ce hanya.
Wasu misalan irin waɗannan APIs
Wannan jeri ba ya nufin ya zama cikakke na musamman, don haka babu buƙatar neman ainihin gaskiya a cikinsa. Manufarsa ita ce kawai don nuna yawancin APIs na ɓangare na uku da fasahar da ake amfani da su a cikin samfuranmu.
Bari mu fara da VMware.
Na farko a jerin zai kasance vSphere API. Ana amfani da shi don tantancewa, karanta matsayi, ƙirƙira da share hotuna, neman bayanai game da injuna, da ƙari (sosai). Ayyukan maganin yana da faɗi sosai, don haka zan iya ba da shawarar VMware vSphere API Reference don sigar и . Don ƙarin juzu'i na yanzu, komai ana googled kawai.
VIX API. Baƙar sihiri na hypervisor, wanda akwai keɓancewa . VMware API don aiki tare da fayiloli akan mai watsa shiri ba tare da haɗa su akan hanyar sadarwa ba. Zaɓin zaɓi na ƙarshe lokacin da kake buƙatar sanya fayil a cikin injin da babu mafi kyawun hanyar sadarwa. Yana da zafi da wahala idan fayil ɗin yana da girma kuma an ɗora mai watsa shiri. Amma a nan tsarin yana aiki cewa ko da 56,6 Kb / s ya fi 0 Kb / s. A cikin Hyper-V, ana kiran wannan abu PowerShell Direct. Amma kafin hakan ya kasance
API ɗin Sabis na Yanar Gizo na vSpehere An fara daga vSphere 6.0 (kimanin, tun lokacin da aka fara gabatar da wannan API akan sigar 5.5) ana amfani da ita don aiki tare da injin baƙo kuma ya maye gurbin VIX kusan ko'ina. A zahiri, wannan wani API ne don sarrafa vSphere. Ga masu sha'awar, ina ba da shawarar yin karatu manual.
VDDK (Kit ɗin Haɓaka Disk na Virtual). Laburare, wanda aka tattauna wani bangare a cikin wannan . An yi amfani da shi don karanta faifai na gani. Da zarar wani lokaci ya kasance wani ɓangare na VIX, amma bayan lokaci an motsa shi zuwa wani samfurin daban. Amma a matsayin magaji, yana amfani da lambobin kuskure iri ɗaya kamar VIX. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, babu bayanin waɗannan kurakurai a cikin SDK kanta. Saboda haka, an gano a zahiri cewa kurakuran VDDK tare da wasu lambobi fassarar ce kawai daga binary zuwa lambar ƙima. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu - rabi na farko shine bayanan da ba a rubuta ba game da mahallin, kuma kashi na biyu shine kuskuren VIX / VDDK na gargajiya. Misali, idan muka ga:
VDDK error: 21036749815809.Unknown error
Sa'an nan kuma mu ƙarfin hali juya wannan zuwa hex da samun 132200000001. Mu kawai jefar da uninformative farkon 132200, da kuma saura zai zama mu kuskure code (VDDK 1: Unknown kuskure). Game da kurakuran VDDK akai-akai, kwanan nan an sami wani dabam .
Yanzu bari mu duba Windows.
Anan, duk abin da ya fi dacewa da mahimmanci a gare mu ana iya samuwa a cikin ma'auni Mai kallon kalloAmma akwai kama ɗaya: bisa ga wata al'ada ta daɗe tana wanzuwa Windows Ba ya rubuta cikakken rubutun kuskuren, sai dai lambarsa kawai. Misali, kuskure na 5 yana nufin "An hana shiga," 1722 yana nufin "Sabar RPC ba ta samuwa," kuma 10060 yana nufin "An gama haɗin lokaci." Tabbas, yana da kyau idan kun tuna waɗanda aka fi sani, amma fa game da waɗanda ba ku taɓa gani ba a da?
Kuma don kada rayuwa ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau, ana kuma adana kurakurai a cikin sigar hexadecimal, tare da prefix 0x8007. Misali, 0x8007000e shine ainihin 14, Out of Memory. Me ya sa da kuma wanda aka yi wannan abu wani asiri ne da ke lulluɓe a cikin duhu. Koyaya, ana iya saukar da cikakken jerin kurakurai kyauta kuma ba tare da SMS daga .
Af, wani lokacin akwai wasu prefixes, ba kawai 0x8007 ba. A cikin irin wannan yanayi na baƙin ciki, don fahimtar HRESULT ("sakamakon sakamako"), kuna buƙatar zurfafa zurfin ciki. ga masu haɓakawa. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, ba na ba ku shawarar yin wannan ba, amma idan kun danna bango kwatsam ko kuna sha'awar kawai, yanzu kun san abin da za ku yi.
Amma abokan aikin Microsoft sun ɗan ji tausayinmu kuma sun nuna wa duniya abin amfani . Wannan ƙaramin abin farin ciki ne wanda zai iya fassara lambobin kuskure cikin ɗan adam ba tare da amfani da Google ba. Yana aiki kamar haka.
C:UsersrootDesktop>err.exe 0x54f
# for hex 0x54f / decimal 1359
ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR winerror.h
# An internal error occurred.
# as an HRESULT: Severity: SUCCESS (0), FACILITY_NULL (0x0), Code 0x54f
# for hex 0x54f / decimal 1359
ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR winerror.h
# An internal error occurred.
# 2 matches found for "0x54f"Tambayar da ta dace ta taso: me yasa ba za mu rubuta decryption nan da nan zuwa rajistan ayyukan ba, amma barin waɗannan lambobin sirri? Amsar tana cikin aikace-aikacen ɓangare na uku. Lokacin da ka ja wasu WinAPI ya kira kanka, ba shi da wahala a gane amsar sa, saboda akwai ma kiran WinAPI na musamman don wannan. Amma kamar yadda aka ambata, duk abin da kawai ya zo gare mu a cikin martani yana shiga cikin rajistan ayyukan mu. Kuma a nan, don warware shi, dole ne mutum ya ci gaba da lura da wannan rafi na hankali, cire guntuwar kurakuran Windows daga ciki, ya lalata su sannan a liƙa su baya. Bari mu kasance masu gaskiya, ba aiki mafi ban sha'awa ba.
Windows API ɗin Gudanar da Fayil amfani a kowane hanya mai yiwuwa lokacin aiki tare da fayiloli. Ƙirƙirar fayiloli, sharewa, buɗewa don rubutawa, aiki tare da halaye, da sauransu da sauransu.
da aka ambata a sama PowerShell Direct a matsayin analogue na VIX API a cikin Hyper-V duniya. Abin takaici, ba haka ba ne mai sauƙi: ƙuntatawa mai yawa akan ayyuka, ba ya aiki tare da kowane nau'in mai watsa shiri kuma ba tare da duk baƙi ba.
CPR (Kira na Nesa) Ba na tsammanin akwai mutum ɗaya da ya yi aiki tare da WIndows wanda bai ga kurakurai masu alaƙa da RPC ba. Duk da sanannen rashin fahimta, wannan ba ƙa'ida ɗaya ba ce, amma duk wata ka'idar abokin ciniki-uwar garken da ta gamsar da adadin sigogi. Duk da haka, idan akwai kuskuren RPC a cikin rajistan ayyukan mu, 90% na lokaci zai zama kuskure daga Microsoft RPC, wanda shine ɓangare na DCOM (Model Abun Abubuwan Rarraba). Kuna iya samun bayanai masu yawa akan wannan batu akan yanar gizo, amma rabon zaki nasa ya tsufa sosai. Amma idan akwai sha'awar yin nazarin batun, to zan iya ba da shawarar labarai , da dogon jeri .
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da kurakuran RPC a cikin rajistan ayyukan mu shine gazawar ƙoƙarin sadarwa tsakanin abubuwan VBR (uwar garken> wakili, alal misali) kuma galibi saboda matsalolin sadarwa.
Babban babba a cikin duk mafi girma shine kuskure Ba a samun uwar garken RPC (1722). A cikin sauƙi, abokin ciniki ya kasa kafa haɗi tare da uwar garken. Ta yaya kuma me yasa - babu amsa guda ɗaya, amma yawanci yana da matsala tare da tabbatarwa ko tare da hanyar sadarwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa 135. Ƙarshen yana da mahimmanci ga kayan aiki tare da aikin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa. A kan wannan batu, akwai ma . Kuma Microsoft yana da don gano dalilin gazawar.
Kuskure mafi shahara na biyu: Babu sauran wuraren ƙarewa da ake samu daga taswirar ƙarshen (1753). Abokin ciniki na RPC ko uwar garken sun kasa sanya wa kansu tashar jiragen ruwa. Yawancin lokaci yana faruwa lokacin da uwar garken (a cikin yanayinmu, injin baƙo) an saita shi don rarraba tashoshin jiragen ruwa daga kunkuntar kewayon da ya ƙare. Kuma idan kun shiga daga ɓangaren abokin ciniki (a cikin yanayinmu, uwar garken VBR), wannan yana nufin cewa VeeamVssAgent ɗinmu ko dai bai fara ba ko kuma ba a yi rajista a matsayin haɗin RPC ba. Akwai kuma kan wannan batu .
Da kyau, don kammala manyan kurakuran RPC 3, bari mu tuna da kiran aikin RPC ya kasa (1726). Yana bayyana idan an kafa haɗin, amma ba a sarrafa buƙatun RPC. Misali, muna neman bayani game da matsayin VSS (ba zato ba tsammani ana yin wata ma'adanin inuwa a can, kuma muna ƙoƙarin hawa), kuma don amsa mana, shiru kuma muyi watsi da su.
Windows API ɗin Ajiyayyen Tef da ake buƙata don aiki tare da ɗakunan karatu na tef ko tuƙi. Kamar yadda na ambata a farkon: ba mu da jin daɗin rubuta direbobin kanmu sannan mu sha wahala tare da tallafin kowace na'ura. Don haka, vim ba shi da direban kansa. Duk ta hanyar daidaitaccen API, tallafin wanda masu siyar da kayan masarufi ke aiwatar da su. Don haka yafi ma'ana, daidai?
SMB / CIFS Kowa yana rubuta su tare ba tare da al'ada ba, kodayake ba kowa bane ke tuna cewa CIFS (Tsarin Fayil na Intanet na gama gari) sigar SMB ce ta mallaka (Server Message Block). Don haka babu laifi a haɗa waɗannan ra'ayoyin gabaɗaya. Samba, a gefe guda, shine LinuxAiwatarwa ce ta Unix, kuma tana da nata halaye, amma ina karkata. Abin da ke da mahimmanci a nan shi ne lokacin da Veeam ya nemi rubuta wani abu zuwa hanyar UNC (jagorar uwar garken), uwar garken yana amfani da tsarin direbobin tsarin fayil, gami da mup da mrxsmb, don rubutawa zuwa faifai da aka raba. Saboda haka, waɗannan direbobin suma za su haifar da kurakurai.
Ba za a iya yi ba tare da Winsock APIIdan akwai buƙatar yin wani abu ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa, VBR yana aiki ta hanyar Windows Socket API, wanda aka fi sani da Winsock. Don haka idan muka ga haɗin IP:Port a cikin log ɗin, shi ke nan. Takardun hukuma suna da kyakkyawan jerin abubuwan da za a iya yi. .
da aka ambata a sama WMI (Windows Gudanar da Kayan Aiki wani nau'in API ne mai iko duka don sarrafa komai da kowa a duniya. WindowsMisali, lokacin aiki tare da Hyper-V, kusan duk buƙatun da aka yi wa mai masaukin yanar gizo ana sarrafa su ta hanyarsa. A takaice, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Kayan aikin WBEMtest.exe da aka gina a ciki yana da matuƙar amfani lokacin ƙoƙarin gano abin da ya lalace.
Kuma ƙarshe akan jerin, amma ba ko kaɗan ba a cikin mahimmanci - VSS (Ajiye Inuwa Volume). Batun ba shi da iyaka da ban mamaki kamar yadda aka rubuta takardu da yawa a kai. An fi fahimtar Shadow Copy azaman nau'in hoto na musamman, wanda a zahiri shine. Godiya gareshi, zaku iya yin madaidaitan aikace-aikacen a cikin VMware, kuma kusan komai a cikin Hyper-V. Ina da shirye-shiryen yin wani labarin daban tare da matsi akan VSS, amma a yanzu kuna iya ƙoƙarin karantawa . Yi hankali kawai, saboda. ƙoƙarin fahimtar VSS a cikin walƙiya na iya haifar da raunin kwakwalwa.
A kan wannan, watakila, za mu iya tsayawa. Na yi la'akari da aikin bayanin mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da aka kammala, don haka a cikin babi na gaba za mu riga mu kalli gungumen azaba. Amma idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, jin daɗin yin su a cikin sharhi.
source: www.habr.com
