🥇 Ƙirƙirar madadin MySQL ta amfani da kayan aikin XtraBackup

Percona XtraBackup shi ne mai amfani ga zafi database backups MySQL.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar madadin bayanai, babu tebur da aka kulle, kuma tsarin ku yana ci gaba da aiki ba tare da wani hani ba.

XtraBackup 2.4 zai iya ƙirƙirar kwafi na tebur InnoDB, XtraDB и MISALI a kan sabobin MySQL 5.11, 5.5, 5.6 da 5.7, da kuma kan uwar garke perkona to MySQL с XtraDB.

Don aiki da MySQL 8.x ya kamata a yi amfani da sigar XtraBackup 8.x. Wannan labarin zai yi magana ne kawai XtraBackup 2.4.

Babban fa'ida XtraBackup shine cewa wannan kayan aikin ya dace don ƙirƙirar kwafin ajiya na kayan da aka ɗora sosai sabobin, da kuma tsarin da ke da ƙarancin adadin ma'amaloli.

Idan jimlar girman bayanan bayanan MySQL ɗinku yana da mahimmanci (dubun gigabytes), to daidaitaccen mai amfani mysqldump ba zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar kwafin ajiyar da sauri ba, kuma maido da juji zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa.

saitin

saitin XtraBackup daga ma'ajiyar dace Percona.

Gudanar da umarni masu zuwa a jere:

wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

sudo dpkg -i percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

sudo apt-get update 

sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24

2. Bayan shigarwa, gudanar da umarni xtrabackup -v. Tun da yake, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa mai amfani yana aiki daidai akan uwar garke. A sakamakon haka, za a nuna wani abu kamar wannan akan allon:

xtrabackup: hujjojin sabar da aka gane: - datadir=/var/lib/mysql - tmpdir=/tmp - server-id=1 - logbin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log - innodbbufferpoolsize=16384M - innodbfilepertable=1 - innodbflushmethod=Odirect - innodbflushlogattrxcommit=0xtrabackup sigar 2.4.20 bisa ga uwar garken MySQL 5.7.26 Linux (x8664) (lambar gyara: c8b4056)

Samun dama, izini da gata

XtraBackup ya kamata ya iya:

Haɗa zuwa uwar garken MySQL.
Samu haƙƙin samun dama ga kundin adireshi data ne.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar kwafin madadin, sami haƙƙin rubuta haƙƙoƙin ƙayyadaddun siga manufa-dir kasida.

Menene datadir?

data ne ita ce directory inda uwar garken bayanai MySQL adana bayanai. Duk bayanan bayanai, duk tebura suna nan. A mafi yawan rarrabawa Linux Ta hanyar tsoho, wannan kundin adireshi shine /var/lib/mysql.

Menene directory manufa-dir?

manufa-dir - Wannan shi ne directory inda za a ajiye madadin.

Mai amfani da bayanai yana buƙatar haƙƙoƙin samun dama ga tebur da bayanan bayanai don samun tallafi:

SAKE KYAUTA da KULLUM TEBLES
CLIENT CIKI
Ƙirƙiri TABLESPACE
PROCESS
Super
Create
INSERT
Select

Kanfigareshan

Kanfigareshan XtraBackup an yi ta amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke yin daidai da daidaitattun zaɓuɓɓukan MySQL.

Mene ne wannan yake nufi?

Za a iya ƙayyade sigogin saiti ko dai akan layin umarni ko a cikin fayil ɗin daidaitawa na DBMS, misali a ciki /etc/my.cnf.

XtraBackup mai amfani yana karanta sassan bayan ƙaddamarwa [mysqld] и [xtrabackup] daga MySQL sanyi fayiloli. Anyi wannan ne domin mai amfani ya iya amfani da saitunan DBMS ɗinku ba tare da sanya ma'auni da hannu ba yayin kowane madadin.

Misali, darajar data ne da wasu sigogi InnoDB Muna samun XtraBackup daga tsarin DBMS na ku.

Idan don XtraBackup yayi aiki kuna so ku soke sigogin da ke cikin sashin [mysqld], sannan kawai saka su a cikin fayil ɗin daidaitawa a cikin sashin [xtrabackup]. Tun da za a karanta su daga baya, fifikonsu zai kasance mafi girma.

Ba dole ba ne ka ƙara kowane sigogi zuwa ku.cnf. Ana iya ƙayyade duk sigogin da ake buƙata akan layin umarni. Yawancin lokaci kawai abin da za a iya sanyawa cikin dacewa a cikin sashin [xtrabackup] naku ku.cnf siga ce manufa_dir, wanda ta tsohuwa ta ƙayyade kundin adireshi inda za a sanya madogara. Amma wannan na zaɓi ne.

Misali na tantance hanyar zuwa kundin adireshi tare da kwafin ajiya a ciki ku.cnf:

[xtrabackup]
target_dir = /data/backups/mysql/

Rubutun Ajiyayyen

Kuna iya amfani da rubutun mai zuwa don ƙirƙirar madadin:

#!/bin/bash

# Удаляем данные в каталоге бекапа
rm -rf /mysql/backup

# Cоздаём бекап
xtrabackup --user=xtrabackup 
 --password=xxxx_SECRET_xxxx 
 --backup 
 --target-dir=/mysql/backup

# Выполняем подготовку бекапа для развёртывания
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/mysql/backup

# Создаём архив
tar -zcvf /home/developer/dumps/xtrabackup-all-dbs-"$(date +%F-%H:%M:%S)".gz /mysql/backup

Me ke faruwa yayin aiwatar da rubutun?

Da farko, muna share (share) directory ɗin da za mu adana kwafin madadin:

rm -rf /mysql/backup.

Sa'an nan, amfani da kayan aiki XtraBackup ƙirƙiri madadin kwafin kuma ajiye shi a ciki /mysql/kwarewa/:

xtrabackup --user=xtrabackup --password=xxxxz1cYf95550Gc6xxxxxxxpE3rB03xxxx --backup --target-dir=/mysql/backup

A baya can, mun ƙirƙiri mai amfani a cikin MySQL xtrabackup tare da abubuwan da ake bukata. Amfani da siga target-dir mun saka directory inda ya kamata a adana wariyar ajiya.

Abu mai muhimmanci!

Kula da layin rubutun:

xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/mysql/backup

Bayanan kasida /mysql/backup ba su daidaita har sai an dafa su.

Gaskiyar ita ce, canje-canje na iya faruwa yayin kwafin fayiloli. Aiki xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/mysql/backup sa madadin bayanai daidai daidai kan lokaci.

Kuna iya yin aikin shirya bayanai akan kowace na'ura. Babu buƙatar yin wannan akan uwar garken inda tushen DBMS yake. Za ka iya kwafa madadin zuwa manufa uwar garken da kuma shirya shi a can.

Abu na ƙarshe da muke yi shine ƙirƙirar taswira wanda muke sanya ajiyar mu a cikinsa:

tar -zcvf /home/developer/dumps/xtrabackup-all-dbs-«$(date % F% H% M% S)».gz /mysql/backup

Ana dawo da madadin

Kafin ka iya mayar da wariyar ajiya zuwa uwar garken manufa, dole ne bayanan su wuce ta lokacin shiri. Duba sama don yadda ake yin wannan.

A data dawo da tsari ne mai sauqi qwarai. Kuna buƙatar cire madadin daga rumbun adana bayanai kuma ku maye gurbin bayanan a ciki data ne.

Yadda za a maye gurbin bayanai a cikin datadir?

Bari mu yi la’akari da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu.

Zabin 1

Yi amfani da mai amfani XtraBackup. Kuna buƙatar saka wani zaɓi --kwafe-baya.

Umurnin da ke ƙasa zai canja wurin madadin zuwa data ne uwar garken manufa:

xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/mysql/backup

Zabin 2

Kuna iya yin shi daban, yi ba tare da mai amfani ba XtraBackup.

Duk kana bukatar ka yi shi ne kwafi madadin zuwa data ne. Kuna iya yin hakan da cp ko rsync.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa hanyar da za a sake dawo da wariyar ajiya tana tafasa don kawai maye gurbin abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshi. data ne.

Kafin ka fara maido da wariyar ajiya a kan uwar garken manufa, dole ne: