Sa’ad da na zama shugaba mafi ƙanƙanta a jarida, babban edita na a lokacin, wata mace da ta zama ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar ’yar jarida a zamanin Soviet, ta gaya mini: “Ka tuna, tun da ka fara girma, kana kula da duk wani aikin jarida. yayi kama da gudu ta cikin wani rami na ma'adinai. Ba don yana da haɗari ba, amma saboda rashin tabbas. Muna hulɗa da bayanai, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a ƙididdigewa da sarrafa su. Shi ya sa duk manyan editocin ke gudana, amma babu wani daga cikinmu da ya san lokacin da ainihin abin da zai tarwatsa shi.”
Ban fahimce shi ba a lokacin, amma sai, lokacin da ni, kamar Pinocchio, na girma, koyo kuma na sayi sabbin jaket dubu ... Gabaɗaya, bayan ɗan koyi game da tarihin aikin jarida na Rasha, na gamsu da cewa rubutun. daidai ne. Sau nawa ne manajojin watsa labarai — har ma da manyan manajojin watsa labarai! - sun ƙare da aikinsu saboda kwata-kwata kwata-kwata na yanayi, wanda ba zai yuwu a faɗi ba.
Ba zan gaya muku yanzu yadda babban editan "Funny Pictures" da kuma babban mai zane Ivan Semenov kusan sun ƙone da kwari - a cikin ma'anar kalmar. Wannan shi ne har yanzu fiye da labarin Juma'a. Amma zan ba ku labari game da babban kuma mai ban tsoro Vasily Zakharchenko, musamman tun da yake daidai ne bisa ga bayanin Habr.
Mujallar Soviet "Technology for Youth" ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar kimiyya da almara. Don haka, sau da yawa sukan haɗa shi ta hanyar buga almara na kimiyya a cikin mujallar.
Domin da yawa, shekaru masu yawa, daga 1949 zuwa 1984, mujallar da aka jagorancin almara edita Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko, wanda, a gaskiya, sanya shi a cikin cewa "Fasaha ga matasa" cewa tsawa a ko'ina cikin kasar, ya zama labari na Soviet aikin jarida da kuma almara. an yarda da shi sosai. Godiya ga yanayin na ƙarshe, lokaci zuwa lokaci "Fasaha don Matasa" ya yi nasara a cikin abin da wasu kaɗan suka yi nasara wajen buga marubutan almara na Anglo-Amurka na zamani.
A'a, marubutan almarar kimiyya na Anglo-Amurke duka an fassara su kuma an buga su a cikin USSR. Amma a lokaci-lokaci - quite da wuya.
Me ya sa? Domin wannan babbar jama'a ce. Waɗannan su ne rudewar wurare dabam dabam har ma da ƙa'idodin Soviet. “Fasaha don Matasa,” alal misali, an buga shi a cikin kwafi miliyan 1,7.
Amma, kamar yadda na fada, wani lokacin yana aiki. Don haka, kusan kusan 1980, masoya ilimin kimiyya masu farin ciki sun karanta littafin Arthur C. Clarke "The Fountains of Paradise" a cikin mujallar.
Arthur Clarke an dauke shi abokin tarayyar Soviet, ya ziyarce mu, ya ziyarci Star City, ya sadu da kuma m cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. Amma game da labari "Maɓuɓɓugan Aljanna", Clark bai taɓa ɓoye gaskiyar cewa a cikin littafin ya yi amfani da ra'ayin "ɗakin sararin samaniya", wanda mai zanen Leningrad Yuri Artsutanov ya fara gabatar da shi.
Bayan da aka buga "Fountains ..." Arthur Clark ya ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet a 1982, inda, musamman, ya sadu da Leonov, Zakharchenko, kuma Artsutanov.
Yuri Artsutanov da Arthur Clarke sun ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya na Cosmonautics da Rocketry a Leningrad
Kuma a sakamakon wannan ziyara a 1984, Zakharchenko gudanar da tura ta hanyar buga a cikin "Fasaha ga Matasa" na wani labari na duniya-sanannen kimiyya almarar marubuci marubuci mai suna "2010: Odyssey Biyu." Ci gaba ne na shahararren littafinsa "2001: A Space Odyssey", wanda aka rubuta bisa ga rubutun fim din Stanley Kubrick.
Wannan ya taimaka sosai ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa na Soviet a cikin littafi na biyu. Makircin ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa jirgin saman "Alexei Leonov" tare da ma'aikatan Soviet-Amurka a cikin jirgin an aika zuwa Jupiter don bayyana asirin jirgin "Gano" da aka bari a cikin Jupiter a cikin littafin farko.
Gaskiya ne, Clark ya sadaukar da kai a shafi na farko:
Zuwa manyan Rashawa guda biyu: Janar A. A. Leonov - cosmonaut, Hero na Tarayyar Soviet, mai zane-zane da masani A.D. Sakharov - masanin kimiyya, lambar yabo ta Nobel, ɗan adam.
Amma sadaukarwar, kun fahimta, an jefar da ita a cikin mujallar. Ko da ba tare da wani ɗan gajeren gwagwarmaya ba.
Fitowar farko ta fito lafiya, ta biyu ta biyo baya, kuma tuni masu karatu ke sa ran samun dogon karatu mai nishadi – kamar yadda aka yi a shekarar 1980.
Amma a fitowa ta uku babu ci gaba. Mutanen sun yi farin ciki, amma sai suka yanke shawara - ba ku sani ba. A cikin na huɗu, tabbas komai zai yi kyau.
Amma a cikin fitowar ta huɗu akwai wani abu mai ban mamaki - mai ban tausayi na sake bayyana abubuwan da ke cikin littafin, wanda aka murƙushe zuwa sakin layi uku.
"Likita, menene hakan?!" Wannan na siyarwa ne?!” - masu karatu na "Fasaha ga Matasa" sun zazzage idanu. Amma amsar ta zama sananne ne kawai bayan perestroika.
Kamar yadda ya faru, jim kadan bayan an fara bugawa a cikin “Fasaha don Matasa,” jaridar International Herald Tribune ta buga labarin mai take “COSMONAUTS—DISIDENTS,” THANKS TO CENSORS, FLIGHT ON THE PAGES OF A SOVIET MUJAZINE.
S. Sobolev a cikin wasu harsuna yana ba da cikakken rubutun wannan bayanin. Yana cewa, musamman:
'Yan adawar Soviet, wadanda ba kasafai suke samun damar yin dariya a wannan kasa mai tsarki da kuma na yau da kullun ba, a yau za su iya yin dariya kan barkwancin da shahararren marubucin almarar kimiyya na Ingilishi Arthur C. Clarke ya yi kan cece-kucen gwamnati. Wannan wasan barkwanci na fili - “wani ɗan ƙaramin doki mai ƙayatarwa,” kamar yadda ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ƙi suka yi masa lakabi da shi, yana cikin littafin A. Clarke “2010: The Second Odyssey”.<…>
Sunayen duk ƴan sama jannati na almara a cikin littafin a zahiri sun yi daidai da sunayen fitattun ƴan adawa. <…> A cikin littafin babu bambance-bambancen siyasa tsakanin haruffan Rasha. Duk da haka, 'yan sama jannati sunaye ne:
- Viktor Brailovsky, kwararre kan na'ura mai kwakwalwa kuma daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar yahudawa, wanda za a sake shi a wannan watan bayan kwashe shekaru uku yana gudun hijira a tsakiyar Asiya;
- Ivan Kovalev - injiniya kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar sa ido kan kare hakkin bil'adama ta Helsinki da aka rushe a yanzu. Yana daurin shekaru bakwai a gidan yari;
- Anatoly Marchenko, ma'aikaci ne mai shekaru arba'in da shida da haihuwa wanda ya kwashe shekaru 18 a sansanonin yin furuci na siyasa kuma a halin yanzu yana yanke hukuncin da zai kare a 1996;
- Yuri Orlov - mai fafutukar Yahudawa kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Helsinki. Shahararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi Orlov ya kammala hukuncin daurin shekaru bakwai a wani sansanin kwadago a watan da ya gabata kuma yana ci gaba da daurin shekaru biyar a gudun hijira na Siberiya.
- Leonid Ternovsky masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Helsinki a Moscow a cikin 1976. Ya yi zaman daurin shekaru uku a wani sansani;
- Mikola Rudenko, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Helsinki a Ukraine, wanda bayan shekaru bakwai na zaman gidan yari a wani sansani, za a sake shi a wannan watan kuma a aika shi zuwa sulhu;
- Gleb Yakunin - wani limamin Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, wanda aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru biyar na aikin sansanin a 1980 da kuma wasu shekaru biyar na sasantawa kan zargin farfaganda da tayar da hankali na Soviet.
Me ya sa Clark ya kafa Zakharchenko a irin wannan hanya, tare da wanda yake, idan ba abokai ba, to, a kan kyawawan sharuddan shekaru masu yawa, ban fahimta sosai ba. Magoya bayan marubucin har ma sun zo da wani bayani mai ma'ana cewa Clark bai yi laifi ba; wannan ka'ida ta yi aiki wanda ya haifi Janar Gogol da Janar Pushkin a cikin fim din Bond. Marubucin almarar kimiyya, sun ce, ba tare da tunani na biyu ba, ya yi amfani da sunayen sunaye na Rasha waɗanda suka shahara a cikin jaridu na Yamma - mu ma a cikin Amirkawa, mun fi kowa sanin Angela Davis da Leonard Peltier. Yana da wuya a yi imani, ko da yake - zaɓi ne mai raɗaɗi mai kama da juna.
To, a cikin "Fasaha don Matasa", ku da kanku kun fahimci abin da ya fara. Kamar yadda a lokacin da alhakin jami'in, kuma daga baya babban editan mujallar, Alexander Perevozchikov, tuna:
Kafin wannan labarin, editan mu Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko ya kasance a cikin manyan ofisoshin. Amma bayan Clark, halinsa ya canza sosai. Shi, wanda ya sake samun lambar yabo ta Lenin Komsomol, an ci shi a zahiri kuma an shafa shi a bango. Kuma mujallarmu ta kusan kusan halaka. Duk da haka, ba kuskurenmu ba ne, amma na Glavlit. Kamata yayi su bi su nasiha. Don haka, mun sami damar buga babi biyu kawai cikin goma sha biyar. Sauran surori goma sha uku sun shiga bayyani. A shafi na buga rubutu na ba da labarin abin da zai faru a Clark's daga baya. Amma Glavlit da ya fusata ya tilasta ni na rage sake ba da labarin da wani sau uku. Mun buga Odyssey gaba ɗaya daga baya.
Hakika, Zakharchenko ya rubuta takardar bayani ga kwamitin tsakiya na Komsomol, inda ya “kwace kansa a gaban jam’iyyar.” A cewar babban editan. "fuska biyu" Clark "a cikin muguwar hanya" An ba da ma'aikatan na Soviet cosmonauts "Sunan gungun masu adawa da Soviet da aka kawo ga laifin aikata laifuka don ayyukan maƙiya". Babban editan ya yarda cewa ya yi taka tsantsan kuma ya yi alkawarin gyara kuskuren.
Vasily Zakharchenko
Ban taimaka ba. Ba a rufe mujallar ba, amma ta girgiza sosai. Makonni biyu bayan fallasa labarin na Yammacin Turai, an kori Zakharchenko, kuma wasu ma’aikatan mujallar da ke da haƙƙin mallaka sun sami hukunci mai tsanani. Zakharchenko, a Bugu da kari, ya zama "kuturu" - ya fita visa da aka soke, an kore shi daga edita allunan "Littafin Yara" da "Young Guard", suka daina kiran shi zuwa rediyo da talabijin - ko da shirin da ya halitta. game da masu sha'awar mota, "Kuna Iya Yi Wannan" .
A cikin gabatarwar Odyssey 3, Arthur C. Clarke ya nemi afuwar Leonov da Zakharchenko, kodayake na ƙarshe ya ɗan yi izgili:
"A ƙarshe, ina fatan cewa cosmonaut Alexei Leonov ya riga ya gafarta mini don sanya shi kusa da Dr. Andrei Sakharov (wanda har yanzu yana gudun hijira a Gorky a lokacin sadaukarwarsa). Kuma ina nuna matukar nadamata ga babban mai masaukina na Moscow kuma edita Vasily Zharchenko (kamar yadda yake a cikin rubutu - Zharchenko - VN) don shigar da shi cikin babbar matsala ta hanyar amfani da sunayen 'yan adawa daban-daban - wadanda akasarinsu na yi farin cikin lura. , ba a gidan yari . Wata rana, ina fata, masu biyan kuɗin Tekhnika Molodezhi za su iya karanta waɗancan surori na littafin da suka ɓace a asirce.
Ba za a yi comments, Zan kawai lura cewa bayan wannan shi ne ko ta yaya m magana game da bazuwar.
Murfin labari na 2061: Odyssey Uku, inda uzuri ya bayyana
Wannan, a gaskiya, shi ne gaba ɗaya labarin. Bari in jawo hankalin ku ga gaskiyar cewa duk wannan ya riga ya faru a zamanin Chernenkov, kuma a zahiri akwai 'yan watanni da suka rage kafin perestroika, hanzari da glasnost. Kuma littafin Clark da aka buga a cikin "Fasaha ga matasa", da kuma baya a zamanin Soviet - a 1989-1990.
Na yarda da gaskiya - wannan labarin ya bar ni da abubuwa biyu, ko da sau uku.
Yanzu abin mamaki ne yadda fadan akida ke nufi a wancan lokacin, da a ce an lalata kaddarar dan Adam a kan irin wannan dan karamin abu.
Amma a lokaci guda, nawa ƙasarmu ke nufi a duniyarmu a lokacin. A yau yana da wahala a gare ni in yi tunanin yanayin da marubucin almarar kimiyyar Yammacin Turai na matsayi na farko zai ba da littafi ga 'yan Rasha biyu.
Kuma, mafi mahimmanci, yadda muhimmancin ilimi ya kasance a kasarmu a lokacin. Bayan haka, ko da a cikin fallasa labarin na International Herald Tribune an lura da wucewar hakan "Rashawa suna daga cikin masu sha'awar almarar kimiyya a duniya", kuma miliyan ɗaya da rabi da aka yi yawo a cikin fitacciyar mujallar kimiyya ita ce mafi kyawun tabbacin hakan.
Yanzu, ba shakka, komai ya canza. A wasu hanyoyi don mafi kyau, a wasu don mafi muni.
Ya canza sosai ta yadda a zahiri babu abin da ya rage na duniyar da wannan labarin ya faru. Kuma a cikin sabuwar duniya m, babu wanda ya sake sha'awar ko dai 'yan adawa da suka yi aikinsu, ko mujallar "Fasaha ga Matasa", wanda yanzu aka buga a cikin wani m wurare dabam dabam tare da jihohi tallafi, ko - menene tausayin kowa. - na'urar hawan sararin samaniya.
Yuri Artsutanov ya mutu kwanan nan, Janairu 1, 2019, amma babu wanda ya lura. An buga labarin mutuwar kawai a cikin jaridar Troitsky Variant wata daya bayan haka.
source: www.habr.com