A cikin tsammanin PS5 da Project Scarlett, wanda zai goyi bayan binciken ray, na fara tunani game da hasken wuta a wasanni. Na sami abu inda marubucin ya bayyana abin da haske yake, yadda yake shafar ƙira, canza wasan kwaikwayo, kyan gani da gogewa. Duk tare da misalai da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta. Yayin wasan ba ku lura da wannan nan da nan ba.
Gabatarwar
Haske ba kawai don mai kunnawa ya iya ganin wurin ba (ko da yake wannan yana da mahimmanci). Haske yana rinjayar motsin rai. Yawancin fasahohin haske a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, fim da gine-gine ana amfani da su don haɓaka motsin rai. Me ya sa masu zanen wasan ba za su aro waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba? Haɗin kai tsakanin hoto da amsawar motsin rai yana ba da wani kayan aiki mai ƙarfi wanda ke taimaka muku aiki tare da hali, labari, sauti, makanikan wasan, da sauransu. A lokaci guda, hulɗar haske tare da saman yana ba ka damar tasiri haske, launi, bambanci, inuwa da sauran tasiri. Duk wannan yana haifar da tushe wanda dole ne kowane mai zane ya mallaki.
Manufar wannan abu shine don tantance yadda ƙirar haske ke shafar kyawun wasan da ƙwarewar mai amfani. Bari mu dubi yanayin haske da yadda ake amfani da shi a wasu fannonin fasaha don tantance rawar da yake takawa a wasannin bidiyo.
"Swan Lake", Alexander Ekman
I - Yanayin haske
“Space, haske da tsari. Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da mutane ke buƙata kamar yadda suke buƙatar biredi ko wurin zama na dare,” Le Corbusier.
Hasken halitta yana jagora kuma yana tare da mu daga lokacin haihuwa. Wajibi ne, yana kafa tsarin mu na dabi'a. Haske yana sarrafa tafiyar matakai na jikinmu kuma yana rinjayar agogon nazarin halittu. Bari mu fahimci mene ne maɗaukakin haske, ƙarfin haske, launi da wuraren mai da hankali. Sannan za mu fahimci abin da haske ya kunsa da yadda yake aiki.
1-Abin da idon dan Adam yake gani
Haske shine ɓangaren bakan na'urar lantarki wanda ido ya gane. A cikin wannan yanki, raƙuman raƙuman ruwa sun bambanta daga 380 zuwa 780 nm. Da rana muna ganin launuka ta amfani da mazugi, amma da dare ido yana amfani da sanduna kuma muna ganin inuwar launin toka kawai.
Abubuwan asali na hasken da ake iya gani sune shugabanci, ƙarfi, mita da polarization. Gudunsa a cikin injina shine 300 m/s, kuma wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ake buƙata na zahiri.
Bakan na'urar lantarki mai gani
2 - Hanyar yadawa
Babu komai a cikin sarari, kuma haske yana tafiya kai tsaye. Duk da haka, yana da halaye daban-daban idan ya ci karo da ruwa, iska da sauran abubuwa. Bayan haɗuwa da wani abu, ɓangaren haske yana ɗauka kuma ya canza zuwa makamashi mai zafi. Lokacin yin karo da wani abu mai haske, wasu haske kuma suna ɗauka, amma sauran suna wucewa. Abubuwa masu laushi, kamar madubi, suna nuna haske. Idan saman abu bai yi daidai ba, haske ya watse.
Hanyar yada haske
3 - Siffofin asali
Haske kwarara. Adadin hasken da wani haske ke fitarwa.
Naúrar ma'auni: lm (lumen).
Ikon haske. Adadin hasken da aka canjawa wuri a wata hanya ta musamman.
Naúrar ma'auni: cd (candela).
Haske. Adadin hasken da ke fadowa a saman.
Haske = haske mai haske (lm) / yanki (m2).
Naúrar aunawa: lx (lux).
Haske. Wannan ita ce kawai sifa ta asali ta haske da idon ɗan adam ke fahimta. A gefe guda, yana la'akari da haske na hasken haske, a daya, saman, wanda ke nufin ya dogara da karfi akan matakin tunani (launi da surface).
Naúrar ma'auni: cd/m2.
4 - Yanayin zafin launi
Ana auna zafin launi a Kelvin kuma yana wakiltar launi na takamaiman tushen haske. Masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Burtaniya William Kelvin ya zafafa wani kwal. Ya zama ja-zafi, yana sheki cikin launuka daban-daban waɗanda suka dace da yanayin zafi daban-daban. Da farko garwashin ya yi haske ja mai duhu, amma yayin da yake zafi sai launin ya canza zuwa rawaya mai haske. A matsakaicin zafin jiki, hasken da aka fitar ya zama shudi-fari.
Hasken Halitta, Awanni 24, Simon Lakey
II - Dabarun Zane na Haske
A cikin wannan sashe, za mu kalli irin ƙirar hasken da za a iya amfani da su don yin tasiri ga bayyanar da abun ciki/gani. Don yin wannan, za mu gano kamance da bambance-bambance a cikin fasahar hasken wuta da masu fasaha da masu zanen haske ke amfani da su.
1 - Chiaroscuro da tenebrism
Chiaroscuro yana ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin ka'idar fasaha wanda ke nufin rarraba haske. Ana amfani da shi don nuna canjin sautin don isar da ƙara da yanayi. Georges de La Tour ya shahara saboda ayyukansa na dare chiaroscuro da al'amuran da suka haskaka ta hanyar wutar kyandir. Babu wani daga cikin mawakan da ya gabace shi da ya yi irin wannan sauyi da kyau. Haske da inuwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikinsa kuma suna cikin ɓangaren abun da ke ciki a cikin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri kuma sau da yawa madadin. Nazarin zane-zane na de La Tour yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar amfani da haske da kaddarorinsa.
Georges de La Tour "Pnitent Mary Magdalene", 1638-1643.
a - Babban bambanci
A cikin wannan zanen, fuskar da tufafi masu launin haske sun bambanta da duhu. Godiya ga babban bambanci na sautuna, hankalin mai kallo yana mai da hankali kan wannan ɓangaren hoton. A gaskiya ba za a sami irin wannan bambanci ba. Nisa tsakanin fuska da kyandir ya fi tsakanin kyandir da hannaye. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da fuska, za mu ga cewa sautin da bambanci a kan hannaye an kashe su. Georges de La Tour yana amfani da bambance-bambance daban-daban don jawo hankalin mai kallo.
b - Kwane-kwane da rhythm na haske
Saboda babban bambanci a cikin sautunan, kwane-kwane suna bayyana a wasu wurare tare da gefuna na adadi. Ko da a cikin sassa masu duhu na zanen, mai zane yana so ya yi amfani da sautuna daban-daban don jaddada iyakokin batun. Hasken ba ya mayar da hankali a cikin yanki ɗaya, yana zamewa ƙasa: daga fuska zuwa ƙafafu.
c - Haske mai tushe
A yawancin ayyukan Georges de La Tour, yana amfani da kyandir ko fitulu a matsayin tushen haske. Hoton yana nuna kyandir mai ƙonewa, amma mun riga mun san cewa chiaroscuro a nan bai dogara da shi ba. Georges de La Tour ya sanya fuska a bango mai duhu kuma ya sanya kyandir don ƙirƙirar canji mai kaifi tsakanin sautuna. Don babban bambanci, sautunan haske suna juxtaposed tare da sautunan duhu don cimma sakamako mafi kyau.
d - Chiaroscuro a matsayin abun da ke ciki na siffofi na geometric
Idan muka sauƙaƙe haske da inuwa a cikin wannan aikin, za mu ga ainihin siffofi na geometric. Haɗin kai na haske da sautunan duhu suna samar da wani abu mai sauƙi. Yana haifar da ma'anar sararin samaniya a kaikaice wanda matsayi na abubuwa da adadi ya nuna gaba da baya, haifar da tashin hankali da makamashi.
2 - Dabarun Hasken Silima na asali
2.1 - Haske daga maki uku
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma hanyoyin nasara don haskaka kowane abu shine haske mai maki uku, wani tsari na Hollywood na al'ada. Wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar isar da ƙarar abu.
Hasken Maɓalli (Hasken Maɓalli, wato, babban tushen haske)
Wannan yawanci shine haske mafi ƙarfi a kowane fage. Yana iya zuwa daga ko'ina, tushensa na iya kasancewa a gefe ko bayan batun (Jeremy Byrne "Digital Lighting and Rendering").
Cika Haske (wato, haske don sarrafa bambance-bambance)
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ana amfani da shi don "cika" da kuma cire wuraren duhu waɗanda hasken maɓalli ya ƙirƙira. Hasken cikawar ba shi da ƙarfi sosai kuma an sanya shi a kusurwa zuwa babban tushen hasken.
Hasken bango (Hasken baya, wato, mai raba bango)
Ana amfani da shi don isar da ƙarar wurin. Yana raba batun daga bango. Kamar cika haske, hasken baya baya da ƙarfi kuma yana rufe babban yanki na batun.
2.2 - Kasa
Saboda motsin Rana, mun saba ganin mutane suna haskaka ta kowace kusurwa, amma ba daga ƙasa ba. Wannan hanya tana kama da sabon abu.
Frankenstein, James Whale, 1931
2.3 - Gaba
Abun yana matsayi tsakanin tushen haske da mai kallo. Saboda haka, wani haske ya bayyana a kusa da abin, kuma sauran sassansa suna kasancewa a inuwa.
"ET the Extra-terrestrial", Steven Spielberg, 1982
2.4 - Gaba
Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in hasken wuta don haskaka wurin daga gefe. Yana haifar da tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ke bayyana sassauƙa kuma yana ba da haske game da yanayin batun. Wannan hanyar tana kusa da fasahar chiaroscuro.
Blade Runner, Ridley Scott, 1982
2.5 - Haske mai amfani
Wannan shine ainihin haske a wurin, wato fitilu, kyandir, allon talabijin da sauransu. Ana iya amfani da wannan ƙarin haske don ƙara ƙarfin hasken.
"Barry Lyndon", Stanley Kubrick, 1975
2.6 - Haske mai nunawa
Haske daga tushe mai ƙarfi yana warwatse ta hanyar mai haske ko wani fili, kamar bango ko rufi. Ta wannan hanyar, hasken yana rufe babban yanki kuma ana rarraba shi daidai.
Dark Knight ya tashi, Christopher Nolan, 2012
2.7 - Haske mai ƙarfi da taushi
Babban bambanci tsakanin haske mai wuya da taushi shine girman tushen hasken dangane da batun. Rana ita ce mafi girman tushen haske a tsarin hasken rana. Duk da haka, yana da nisan kilomita miliyan 90 daga gare mu, wanda ke nufin shi ne ƙananan tushen haske. Yana haifar da inuwa mai wuya kuma, daidai da haka, haske mai wuya. Idan gajimare ya bayyana, sararin sama ya zama babban tushen haske kuma inuwa yana da wuyar ganewa. Wannan yana nufin haske mai laushi ya bayyana.
Misalai na 3D tare da LEGO, João Prada, 2017
2.8 - Maɓalli mai girma da ƙasa
Ana amfani da hasken maɓalli mai girma don ƙirƙirar fage masu haske sosai. Yawancin lokaci yana kusa da wuce gona da iri. Duk hanyoyin haske kusan daidai suke a cikin iko.
Ba kamar babban maɓalli ba, tare da ƙananan maɓalli yanayin yana da duhu sosai kuma ana iya samun tushen haske mai ƙarfi a ciki. Ana ba da babbar rawa ga inuwa, ba haske ba, don isar da ma'anar shakku ko wasan kwaikwayo.
"THX 1138", George Lucas, 1971
2.9 - Ƙarfafa Haske
Wannan hasken yana kwaikwayon hasken halitta - hasken rana, hasken wata, fitilun titi, da sauransu. Ana amfani da shi don haɓaka haske mai amfani. Dabaru na musamman suna taimakawa wajen samar da hasken haske na halitta, alal misali, tacewa (gobos) don ƙirƙirar tasirin tagogi masu labule.
Drive, Nicolas Winding Refn, 2011
2.10 - Hasken waje
Wannan na iya zama hasken rana, hasken wata, ko fitilun titi da ake iya gani a wurin.
“Abubuwa masu ban mamaki. Season 3", Duffer Brothers, 2019
III - Mahimman Bayanan
Masu zanen matakin sun fahimci mahimmancin hasken wuta kuma suna amfani da shi don cimma wani ra'ayi na wurin. Don haskaka matakin da cimma burinsu na gani da ake so, suna buƙatar gano maɓuɓɓugan haske a tsaye, kusurwar yada su, da launuka. Sun saita wani yanayi da bayanin da ya dace. Amma duk abin ba haka ba ne mai sauƙi, saboda hasken wuta ya dogara da halaye na fasaha - alal misali, akan ikon sarrafawa. Saboda haka, akwai nau'ikan hasken wuta guda biyu: hasken da aka riga aka yi la'akari da ma'anar gaske.
1 - Hasken da aka riga aka ƙidaya
Masu zanen kaya suna amfani da hasken tsaye don ayyana halayen hasken kowane tushe-ciki har da matsayi, kusurwa, da launi. Yawanci, aiwatar da hasken duniya a ainihin lokacin ba zai yiwu ba saboda matsalolin aiki.
Ana iya amfani da tsayayyen hasken duniya da aka riga aka yi a cikin yawancin injuna, gami da Injin Unreal da Unity. Injin yana "gasa" irin wannan hasken a cikin wani nau'i na musamman, abin da ake kira "taswirar haske" (taswirar haske). Ana adana waɗannan taswirorin fitilun tare da wasu fayilolin taswira, kuma injin yana isa gare su lokacin da ake nuna wurin.
Yanayin guda ɗaya: ba tare da haske ba (hagu), tare da hasken kai tsaye kawai (tsakiyar), kuma tare da hasken duniya kai tsaye (dama). Zane-zane daga Unity Learn
Bugu da ƙari, taswirar haske, akwai taswirar inuwa, wanda, bisa ga haka, ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar inuwa. Na farko, duk abin da aka yi la'akari da tushen haske - yana haifar da inuwa wanda ke nuna zurfin pixel na wurin. Sakamakon zurfin taswirar pixel ana kiran ta taswirar inuwa. Ya ƙunshi bayani game da nisa tsakanin tushen haske da abubuwa mafi kusa ga kowane pixel. Ana yin nuni, inda kowane pixel da ke saman ana duba taswirar inuwa. Idan nisa tsakanin pixel da tushen haske ya fi wanda aka rubuta a taswirar inuwa, to pixel yana cikin inuwa.
Algorithm don amfani da taswirar inuwa. Misali daga OpenGl-tutorial
2- Ma'ana ta hakika
Ɗaya daga cikin samfuran hasken wuta na yau da kullun ana kiransa samfurin Lambert (bayan masanin lissafin Swiss Johann Heinrich Lambert). Lokacin nunawa a ainihin lokacin, GPU yawanci yana aika abubuwa ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Wannan hanyar tana amfani da nunin abu (matsayinsa, kusurwar juyawa, da sikelinsa) don tantance wane daga cikin samansa ya kamata a zana.
A cikin yanayin hasken Lambert, haske yana fitowa daga kowane wuri a saman ta kowane bangare. Wannan baya la'akari da wasu tatsuniyoyi, misali, tunani (labarin na Chandler Prall). Don sanya yanayin ya zama mafi haƙiƙa, ana amfani da ƙarin tasiri akan ƙirar Lambert - glare, alal misali.
Lambert shading ta amfani da sphere a matsayin misali. Misali daga kayan Peter Dyachihin
Yawancin injunan zamani (Unity, Unreal Engine, Frostbite da sauransu) suna amfani da ma'ana ta zahiri (Pysically Based Rendering, PBR) da shading (labarin Lukas Orsvarn). Shading na PBR yana ba da ƙarin fahimta da hanyoyin dacewa da sigogi don kwatanta saman. A cikin Injin Unreal, kayan PBR suna da sigogi masu zuwa:
- Launi mai tushe - ainihin rubutun saman.
- Roughness - yadda m surface ne.
- Karfe-Ko saman karfe ne.
- Specular (specularity) - adadin haske a saman.
Ba tare da PBR (hagu), PBR (dama). Hotuna daga Meta 3D studio
Duk da haka, akwai wata hanyar da za a bi don nunawa: gano ray. Ba a yi la'akari da wannan fasaha a baya ba saboda aiki da al'amurran ingantawa. An yi amfani da shi ne kawai a masana'antar fim da talabijin. Amma sakin sabbin katunan bidiyo na zamani ya ba da damar yin amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin wasannin bidiyo a karon farko.
Binciken Ray shine fasaha mai nunawa wanda ke haifar da ƙarin tasirin hasken haske. Yana maimaita ka'idodin yada haske a cikin yanayi na ainihi. Hasken hasken da ke fitar da shi yana yin aiki daidai da na photons. Ana nuna su daga saman ta kowace hanya. A lokaci guda kuma, idan haskoki masu haske ko kai tsaye suka shiga cikin kyamara, suna watsa bayanan gani game da saman da aka nuna su (misali, suna ba da rahoton launinsa). Yawancin ayyuka daga E3 2019 za su goyi bayan wannan fasaha.
3- Nau'in hanyoyin haske
3.1 - Hasken haske
Yana fitar da haske a kowane bangare, kamar kwan fitila na yau da kullun a rayuwa ta gaske.
Takardun Injin da ba na gaske ba
3.2 - Hasken Haske
Yana fitar da haske daga wuri ɗaya, tare da haskakawa kamar mazugi. Misalin rayuwa na gaske: walƙiya.
Takardun Injin da ba na gaske ba
3.3 - Hasken haske yana da yanki (hasken yanki)
Yana fitar da haskoki kai tsaye daga wani takamaiman tsari (kamar rectangle ko da'irar). Irin wannan hasken yana sanya damuwa mai yawa a kan na'ura mai kwakwalwa, saboda kwamfutar tana ƙididdige duk wuraren da ke fitar da haske.
Takardun Hadin kai
3.4 - Madogaran haske na jagora
Yana kwatanta Rana ko wani tushen haske mai nisa. Duk haskoki suna tafiya a hanya ɗaya kuma ana iya ɗaukar su a layi daya.
Takardun Hadin kai
3.5 - Haske mai haske
Madogarar haske mai fitarwa ko kayan da ake fitarwa (Masu Aiki a cikin UE4) cikin sauƙi da inganci suna haifar da tunanin cewa abu yana fitar da haske. Akwai tasirin haske na blurry - ana iya gani idan kun kalli abu mai haske sosai.
Takardun Injin da ba na gaske ba
3.6 - Hasken yanayi
Wani yanayi daga Doom 3 yana haskaka ta fitilu a bango, injin yana haifar da inuwa. Idan saman yana cikin inuwa, sai ya fentin shi baki. A cikin rayuwa ta gaske, ana iya bayyana barbashi na haske (hotuna) daga saman. A cikin ƙarin tsarin samarwa, ana gasa haske cikin laushi ko ƙididdige shi a ainihin lokacin (hasken duniya). Tsofaffin injinan wasan - irin su ID Tech 3 (Doom) - sun kashe albarkatu masu yawa don ƙididdige hasken kai tsaye. Don magance matsalar rashin hasken kai tsaye, an yi amfani da hasken da aka watsar. Kuma duk saman sun kasance aƙalla haske kaɗan.
Injin Doom 3 (injin IdTech 4)
3.7 - Hasken Duniya
Hasken duniya ƙoƙari ne na ƙididdige hasken haske daga wannan abu zuwa wani. Wannan tsari yana lodin na'ura mai sarrafawa fiye da hasken yanayi.
Takardun Injin da ba na gaske ba
IV - Tsarin Haske a cikin Wasannin Bidiyo
Abubuwan da ke gani (matsayin haske, kusurwoyi, launuka, filin kallo, motsi) yana da babban tasiri akan yadda masu amfani ke fahimtar yanayin wasan.
Mai tsarawa Will Wright yayi magana a GDC game da aikin abun da ke gani a cikin yanayin wasa. Musamman ma, yana jagorantar hankalin mai kunnawa zuwa abubuwa masu mahimmanci - wannan yana faruwa ta hanyar daidaita saturation, haske da launi na abubuwa a cikin matakin.
Duk wannan yana rinjayar gameplay.
Yanayin da ya dace yana jan hankalin mai kunnawa. Dole ne masu zanen kaya su kula da wannan ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ci gaba na gani.
Maggie Safe El-Nasr ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa - ta gayyaci masu amfani da ba su saba da masu harbin FPS ba don buga Gasar da ba ta da tabbas. Saboda rashin kyawun ƙirar haske, 'yan wasan sun lura da abokan gaba sun yi latti kuma sun mutu da sauri. Mun damu kuma a yawancin lokuta mun watsar da wasan.
Haske yana haifar da tasiri, amma ana iya amfani da shi daban a cikin wasannin bidiyo fiye da na wasan kwaikwayo, fim, da gine-gine. Daga hangen zane na tsarawa, akwai nau'ikan bakwai waɗanda ke bayyana tsarin hasken wuta. Kuma a nan dole ne mu manta game da motsin zuciyarmu.
Abubuwan ƙira a matakin fasaha, Jeremy Price
1 - Jagora
Uncharted 4
A cikin Abubuwa 100 Duk Mai Zane Ya Bukatar Sanin Game da Mutane, Susan Weinschenk ya bincika mahimmancin hangen nesa na tsakiya da na gefe.
Tunda hangen nesa na tsakiya shine abu na farko da muke gani, ya kamata ya haɗa da abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda dole ne mai kunnawa ya gani kamar yadda mai tsara ya nufa. Hangen nesa yana ba da mahallin mahallin kuma yana ƙarfafa hangen nesa na tsakiya.
Wasannin da ba a iya kwatanta su ba misali ne mai kyau na wannan - hasken yana shiga tsakiyar filin kallo kuma yana jagorantar mai kunnawa. Amma idan abubuwan da ke cikin hangen nesa sun ci karo da hangen nesa na tsakiya, alaƙar da ke tsakanin mai ƙira da mai kunnawa ta rushe.
har Dawn
Yana amfani da hasken wuta don jagorantar mai kunnawa. Daraktan kirkirar Studio Will Byles ya ce: “Babban kalubale a gare mu shi ne samar da yanayi na tsoro ba tare da sanya komai ya yi duhu ba. Abin takaici, lokacin da hoton ya yi duhu sosai, injin wasan yana ƙoƙarin ƙara haske, kuma akasin haka. Dole ne mu kirkiro sabbin dabaru don tunkarar wannan matsala.”
Kamar yadda kuke gani a cikin kwatancin da ke ƙasa, hasken ɗumi ya bambanta da launin shuɗi, yana jawo hankalin ɗan wasan.
2 - Haske / Firam
Maimaita Mallaki 2 Remake
Haske a cikin RE2 Remake na iya canza firam. Yayin da kuke tafiya ta cikin duhun koridor na ofishin 'yan sanda na birnin Raccoon, babban tushen haske shine fitilar dan wasan. Irin wannan hasken wutan injiniya ne mai ƙarfi. Canje-canjen hangen nesa yana jawo idon mai kunnawa zuwa wurin da ya haskaka kuma yana yanke duk wani abu saboda bambancin bambanci.
Dark Souls I
Kabarin Giants yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare masu duhu sosai a cikin wasan tare da tudu masu haɗari. Ana iya wucewa idan kun kula da duwatsu masu haske kuma ku motsa a hankali don kada ku fadi. Kuma ku kiyayi fararen idanu masu haske, domin wannan makiyi ne.
Radius na haske daga mai kunnawa yana raguwa sosai, hangen nesa a cikin duhu yana iyakance. Ta hanyar riƙe da walƙiya a hannun hagu, mai kunnawa yana ƙara haske da filin hangen nesa. A lokaci guda kuma, walƙiya yana rage lalacewar da aka yi, kuma dole ne ku zaɓi: gani ko kariya.
3- Ruwaya
ganima
Tun da tashar da aikin ke gudana yana cikin orbit, wasan yana da zagayowar haske na musamman. Yana ƙayyade jagorancin haske kuma, saboda haka, yana rinjayar wasan kwaikwayo sosai. Wannan wasan yana sa ya fi wahala samun abubuwa da wurare fiye da yadda aka saba. A cikin sassa masu nisa, mai kunnawa zai iya magance matsalolin ta hanyar kallon su daga kusurwa ɗaya daga cikin tashar kuma daga wani kusurwa daga waje.
Ƙunƙarar Alien
A cikin Alien, ana amfani da haske don jagorantar mai kunnawa da haifar da jin tsoro. Mai amfani yana cikin tashin hankali akai-akai - wani wuri a can cikin duhu akwai ɓoyewar xenomorph.
4- Kamewa
Splitter Cell: Blacklist
Hasken da ke cikinsa ba wai kawai yana jagorantar mai amfani ba, amma kuma ana amfani dashi azaman makanikin wasan.
A wurare da yawa, 'yan wasa suna amfani da inuwa don tsayawa kan hanya mai aminci kuma su guje wa abokan gaba. A cikin Splinter Cell, rawar da "mita ganuwa" tana taka rawa ta hanyar haske akan kayan aikin halayen - mafi ɓoye mai kunnawa, hasken yana haskakawa.
Alamar Ninja
A cikin Mark na Ninja, haske da duhu gaba ɗaya suna adawa da juna. Jagoran mai tsara wasan Nels Andersen ya ce: “Yadda hali ya kasance yana nuna ko ana iya gani ko a'a. Idan an ɓoye ku, kuna sanye da baƙar fata, wasu cikakkun bayanai ne kawai aka haskaka su da ja, a cikin haske - kun cika launi” (labaran Markus na ƙa'idodin ƙira biyar na Ninja).
5- Yaki/Kare
Alan Wake
Hasken walƙiya a Alan Wake makami ne. Idan ba tare da shi ba, ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da abokan gaba. Kuna buƙatar haskaka su kuma ku riƙe shi na ɗan lokaci - ta haka za su zama masu rauni kuma ana iya kashe su. Lokacin da hasken ya sami abokan gaba, halo ya bayyana, sannan ya ragu kuma abin ya fara haskakawa. A wannan lokacin mai kunnawa zai iya harbi abokan gaba.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da flares da gurneti don kawar da abokan gaba.
A cikin Labarin Bala'i: Rashin haƙuri
A cikin aikin daga Asobo Studio zaku iya amfani da beraye akan mutane. Misali, idan ka karya fitilar abokan gaba, nan take za a jefa shi cikin duhu, wanda ba ya hana gungun berayen baya.
6 - Fadakarwa/Bayarwa
Deus Ex: Mankind Raba
A cikin Deus Ex, kyamarori masu tsaro suna lura da abin da ke faruwa a fagen kallon su, wanda ke iyakance da mazugi na haske. Hasken kore ne lokacin da suke tsaka tsaki. Bayan gano maƙiyi, kyamarar tana canza haske zuwa rawaya, tana yin ƙararrawa kuma tana bin manufa ko dai na ƴan daƙiƙa ko har sai maƙiyin ya kare daga filin kallonsa. Bayan ƴan daƙiƙa, hasken ya zama ja kuma kamara ta yi ƙararrawa. Don haka, ana samun hulɗa tare da mai kunnawa tare da taimakon haske.
M Knight
Ƙungiyar Cherry's Metroidvania tana canza haske sau da yawa fiye da yadda mai kunnawa ke gani.
Misali, duk lokacin da ka yi lalacewa, hoton yana daskarewa na ɗan lokaci, kuma tasirin gilashin da ya karye ya bayyana kusa da jarumi. Hasken gabaɗaya yana dusashe, amma hanyoyin hasken da ke kusa da jarumi (fitilu da gobara) ba sa fita. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen jaddada mahimmanci da ƙarfin kowane bugun da aka samu.
7 - Rabuwa
Assassin's Creed Odyssey
Zagayowar dare da rana shine tsakiyar Odyssey. Da daddare, ana samun 'yan sintiri kaɗan kuma ana iya zama ba a gano ɗan wasan ba.
Ana iya canza lokacin rana a kowane lokaci - ana ba da wannan a cikin wasan. Da dare, hangen nesa na abokan gaba ya raunana, kuma yawancinsu suna barci. Ya zama sauƙi don kaucewa da kai hari ga abokan adawa.
Canjin dare da rana a nan wani tsari ne na musamman, kuma ka'idojin wasan suna canzawa sosai dangane da lokacin rana.
Kada ku yi yunwa
Na'urar kwaikwayo don't yunwa ba ta hana sabbin shigowa da daddare - anan tafiya cikin duhu yana da mutuƙar mutuwa. Bayan dakika biyar, an kai wa dan wasan hari kuma ya yi barna. Tushen haske ya zama dole don rayuwa.
Jama'a sun yi barci da zarar dare ya yi kuma su tashi tare da fitowar rana. Wasu halittun da suke barci da rana suna iya farkawa. Tsire-tsire ba sa girma. Naman baya bushewa. Zagayowar dare da rana ne ke kafa tsarin, inda ya raba ka'idojin wasan gida biyu.
V - Kammalawa
Yawancin fasahohin haske da muke gani a cikin zane mai kyau, fim, da gine-gine ana amfani da su wajen haɓaka wasan don dacewa da kyawawan sararin samaniya da haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗan wasa. Duk da haka, wasanni sun bambanta da cinema ko wasan kwaikwayo - yanayin da ke cikin su yana da ƙarfi da rashin tabbas. Bugu da ƙari ga fitilu na tsaye, ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan haske masu ƙarfi. Suna ƙara hulɗa da madaidaicin motsin rai.
Haske cikakke nau'in kayan aiki ne. Yana ba masu zane-zane da masu zanen kaya damammaki masu yawa don ƙara haɗa ɗan wasan.
Haka kuma ci gaban fasaha ya shafi hakan. Yanzu injunan wasan suna da saitunan haske da yawa - yanzu ba kawai hasken wurare bane, har ma da tasirin ƙirar wasan.
Tunani
- Seif El-Nasr, M., Miron, K. da Zupko, J. (2005). Hasken Hankali don Ingantacciyar Kwarewar Wasan. Ayyukan Sadarwar Kwamfuta-Dan Adam 2005, Portland, Oregon.
- Seif El-Nasr, M. (2005). Hasken Hankali don Muhallin Wasanni. Jaridar Ci gaban Wasanni, 1(2),
- Birn, J. (Ed.) (2000). Hasken Dijital & Bayar da Bayani. New Riders, Indianapolis.
- Kalahan, S. (1996). Ba da labari ta hanyar haske: hangen nesa na kwamfuta. Bayanan Bayani na Course Siggraph.
- Seif El-Nasr, M. da Rao, C. (2004). Gabatar da Hankalin mai amfani a gani a cikin Muhalli na 3D masu hulɗa. Zama Poster.
- Reid, F. (1992). Littafin Jagoran Hasken Mataki. A&C Black, London.
- Reid, F. (1995). Hasken Matsayi. Focal Press, Boston.
- Petr Dyachihin (2017), Fasahar Wasan Bidiyo na Zamani: Trends da Innovations, Kundin Digiri, Jami'ar Savonia
- Cibiyar koyo ta Adorama (2018), Basic Cinematography Lighting Techniques, daga (https://www.adorama.com/alc/basic-cinematography-lighting-techniques)
- Seif El-Nasr, M., Niendenthal, S. Knez, I., Almeida, P. da Zupko, J. (2007), Dynamic Lighting for Tension in Games, mujallar kasa da kasa na binciken wasan kwamfuta.
- Yakup Mohd Rafee, Ph.D. (2015), Binciken zanen Georges de la Tour bisa ka'idar Chiaroscuro da tenebrism, Jami'ar Malaysia Sarawak
- Sophie-Louise Millington (2016), In-Wasan Lighting: Shin Hasken Haske yana Tasirin Ma'amalar Playeran Wasan da Tausayi a cikin Muhalli?, Jami'ar Derby
- Prof. Stephen A. Nelson (2014), Abubuwan Haske da Gwajin Abubuwan Isotropic, Jami'ar Tulane
- Lasisi na Ƙirƙirar Commons-ShareAlike (2019), Mod mai duhu, daga (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Mod)
source: www.habr.com