An buga bugu 58 na kimar mafi girman manyan kwamfutoci

An buga bugu na 58 na kima na kwamfutoci 500 mafi inganci a duniya. A cikin sabon sakin, manyan goma ba su canza ba, amma 4 sabbin gungu na Rasha sun haɗa a cikin matsayi.

19th, 36th da 40th places in the ranking an dauki gungu na Rasha Chervonenkis, Galushkin da Lyapunov, wanda Yandex ya ƙirƙira don magance matsalolin koyon injin tare da samar da aikin 21.5, 16 da 12.8 petaflops, bi da bi. Rukunin suna gudanar da Ubuntu 16.04 kuma an sanye su da na'urori masu sarrafawa na AMD EPYC 7xxx da NVIDIA A100 GPUs: gungu na Chervonenkis yana da nodes 199 (193 dubu AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores da 1592 NVIDIA A100 80G GPUs 136 NVIDIA A134 7702G) cores C 64 2C 1088GH da 100 GPU NVIDIA A80 137G), Lyapunov - 130 nodes (7662 dubu cores AMD EPYC 64 2C 1096GHz da 100 GPU NVIDIA A40 XNUMXG).

A matsayi na 43 shine sabon gungu na Sberbank, Christofari Neo, yana gudana NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (bugu na Ubuntu) kuma yana nuna aikin 11.9 petaflops. Tarin yana da fiye da nau'ikan kwamfuta fiye da 98 dangane da AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU kuma ya zo tare da NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Gungun Sberbank Christofari da aka aiwatar a baya ya tashi daga matsayi na 61 zuwa na 72 a cikin rabin shekara.

Har ila yau, wasu gungu na gida biyu sun kasance a cikin matsayi: Lomonosov 2 - ya koma daga 199 zuwa 241 (a cikin 2015, Lomonosov 2 cluster ya dauki matsayi 31, kuma Lomonosov wanda ya gabace shi a 2011 - 13 wuri) da MTS GROM - daga 240 zuwa 294 wuri . Don haka, adadin gungu na cikin gida a cikin martaba ya karu daga 3 zuwa 7 sama da watanni shida (don kwatanta, a cikin 2020 akwai tsarin gida 2 a cikin martaba, a cikin 2017 - 5, kuma a cikin 2012 - 12).

Dangane da ƙimar gabaɗaya, gungu na Fugaku na Japan, wanda aka gina ta amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa ARM, ya kasance a wuri na farko. Tarin Fugaku yana a Cibiyar RIKEN don Binciken Jiki da Kimiyya kuma yana ba da aikin 442 petaflops. Tarin ya ƙunshi nodes 158976 dangane da Fujitsu A64FX SoC, sanye take da 48-core Armv8.2-A SVE CPU (512 bit SIMD) tare da mitar agogo na 2.2GHz. Gabaɗaya, gungu yana da fiye da nau'ikan sarrafawa sama da miliyan 7.6 (sau uku fiye da shugaban da ya gabata), 5 PB na RAM da 150 PB na ajiya da aka raba dangane da Luster FS. Red Hat Enterprise Linux ana amfani dashi azaman tsarin aiki. Jimlar tsawon igiyoyin gani da aka yi amfani da su don haɗa nodes ya kai kusan kilomita 850.

A matsayi na biyu akwai gungu na Summit, wanda IBM ya tura a dakin gwaje-gwaje na kasa na Oak Ridge (Amurka). Tarin yana gudanar da Red Hat Enterprise Linux kuma ya haɗa da nau'ikan sarrafawa miliyan 2.4 (22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs da NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators ana amfani da su), waɗanda ke ba da aikin 148 petaflops, wanda kusan sau uku ƙasa da jagora. da rating.

Wuri na uku ƙungiyar Saliyo ta Amurka ce ta mamaye, wacce IBM ta girka a dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Livermore bisa tushen dandamali mai kama da taron koli da kuma nuna aikin petaflops 94 (kimanin cores miliyan 1.5). Red Hat Enterprise Linux ana amfani dashi azaman tsarin aiki.

A matsayi na hudu akwai gungu na Sunway TaihuLight na kasar Sin, wanda ke aiki a cibiyar Supercomputer ta kasar Sin, wanda ya hada da na'urorin sarrafa kwamfuta sama da miliyan 10, da nuna wasan kwaikwayo na petaflops 93. Duk da makamantan alamun aiki, gungu na Saliyo yana cinye rabin makamashi kamar Sunway TaihuLight. Tsarin aiki shine mai rarraba Linux RaiseOS.

A matsayi na biyar akwai gungu na Perlmutter, wanda HPE ya samar kuma yana Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Ƙasa a Amurka. Tarin ya haɗa da nau'i-nau'i dubu 761 dangane da AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz CPU kuma yana ba da aikin 71 petaflops. Tsarin aiki shine Cray OS.

Abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa:

• Rarraba ta adadin manyan kwamfutoci a ƙasashe daban-daban:
  • China: 173 (188 - watanni shida da suka wuce). A cikin duka, gungu na kasar Sin suna samar da kashi 17.5% na duk abin da ake samarwa (watanni shida da suka gabata - 19.4%);
  • Amurka: 149 (122). An kiyasta jimlar yawan aiki a 32.5% (watanni shida da suka gabata - 30.7%);
  • Japan: 32 (34);
  • Jamus: 26 (23);
  • Faransa: 19 (16);
  • Netherlands: 11 (16);
  • Birtaniya: 11 (11);
  • Kanada 11 (11);
  • Rasha 7 (3);
  • Koriya ta Kudu 7 (5)
  • Italiya: 6 (6);
  • Saudi Arabia 6 (6);
  • Brazil 5 (6);
  • Sweden 4 (3);
  • Poland 4 (4);
  • Australia, India, Switzerland, Finland: 3.
• A cikin kididdigar tsarin aiki da ake amfani da su a cikin manyan kwamfutoci, Linux kawai ya rage tsawon shekaru hudu da rabi;
• Rarraba ta rarraba Linux (shekaru biyu da suka gabata a cikin brackets):
  • 51.6% (49.6%) ba su dalla-dalla rarrabawar,
  • 18% (26.4%) suna amfani da CentOS,
  • 7.6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
  • 7% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
  • 5.4% (2%) - Ubuntu;
  • 4% (3%) - SUSE,
  • 0.2% (0.4%) - Linux na Kimiyya
• Matsakaicin iyakar aiki don shigar da Top500 a cikin watanni 6 ya karu daga 1511 zuwa 1649 teraflops (shekaru uku da suka gabata, gungu 272 kawai sun nuna aikin fiye da petaflop, shekaru hudu da suka gabata - 138, shekaru biyar da suka gabata - 94). Don Top100, ƙofar shiga ya karu daga 4124 zuwa 4788 teraflops;
• Jimlar ayyukan duk tsarin a cikin ƙimar ya karu daga 2.8 zuwa 3 exaflops a cikin shekara (shekaru biyu da suka wuce 1.650 exaflops ne, kuma shekaru biyar da suka wuce - 566 petaflops). Tsarin da ya rufe matsayi na yanzu ya kasance a matsayi na 433 a cikin fitowar karshe, kuma a matsayi na 401 a shekarar da ta gabata;
• Babban rabon manyan kwamfutoci a sassa daban-daban na duniya shine kamar haka: 226 supercomputers suna cikin Asiya (245 - watanni shida da suka gabata), 160 a Arewacin Amurka (133) da 105 a Turai (113), 5 a Kudancin Amurka. Amurka (6), 3 a Oceania (2) da 1 a Afirka (1);
• A matsayin tushen processor, Intel CPUs suna kan gaba - 81.6% (shekaru biyu da suka gabata shine 94%), AMD yana matsayi na biyu tare da 14.6% (0.6% !!), IBM Power yana matsayi na uku - 1.4% ( ya kasance 2.8%. Akwai ci gaba mai ƙarfi na gungu dangane da na'urori na AMD; misali, duk sabbin tsarin da aka haɗa a cikin Top15 sanye take da AMD CPUs.
• 26.6% (shekaru biyu da suka wuce 35.6%) na duk na'urorin da aka yi amfani da su suna da nau'in nau'i na 20, 17.6% - 24 cores, 11.2% - 64 cores, 8.6% (13.8%) - 16 cores, 8.2% (11%) - 18 cores, 5.8 % (11.2%) - kashi 12.
• 149 daga cikin 500 tsarin (shekaru biyu da suka wuce - 144) kuma suna amfani da accelerators ko coprocessors, tare da tsarin 143 ta amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na NVIDIA, 2 - Intel Xeon Phi (daga 5), ​​1 - PEZY (1), da 1 AMD Vega GPU;
• Daga cikin masana'antun gungu, Lenovo ya ɗauki matsayi na farko - 36.8% (shekaru biyu da suka wuce 34.8%), Inspur ya ɗauki matsayi na biyu - 11.6% (13.2%), Kamfanin Hewlett-Packard ya ɗauki matsayi na uku - 9% (7%), Sugon 7.8 ya biyo baya. % (14.2%), Atos - 7.2% (4.6%), Cray 6.4% (7%), Dell EMC 3.2% (2.2%), Fujitsu 3% (2.6%), NVIDIA 2.4 (1.2%), NEC 2% , Huawei 1.4% (2%), IBM 1.4% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 1.4% (2.2%). Shekaru bakwai da suka gabata, rarraba tsakanin masana'antun ya kasance kamar haka: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% da SGI 3.8%;
• Ana amfani da Ethernet don haɗa nodes a cikin 49.4% (shekaru biyu da suka wuce 52%) na gungu, ana amfani da InfiniBand a cikin 33.6% (28%) na gungu, Omnipath - 8.4% (10%). Duban aikin gabaɗaya, tsarin tushen InfiniBand yana da kashi 43.3% na ayyukan Top500 gabaɗaya, yayin da Ethernet ke lissafin kashi 21.3%.

Nan gaba kadan, ana sa ran buga wani sabon bugu na madadin kima na tsarin tari mai lamba 500, wanda aka mayar da hankali kan tantance ayyukan dandali na manyan kwamfutoci da ke da alaƙa da simintin hanyoyin jiki da ayyuka don sarrafa bayanai masu yawa na irin waɗannan tsarin. Green500, HPCG (High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) da HPL-AI ana haɗe su tare da Top500 kuma suna nunawa a cikin babban ƙimar Top500.

source: budenet.ru