Juriya ga aiwatar da API ɗin FLoC da Google ke haɓakawa maimakon bin kukis

An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin Chrome 89, aiwatar da gwaji na fasahar FLoC, wanda Google ya ƙera don maye gurbin Kukis da ke bin motsi, ya ci karo da juriya daga al'umma. Bayan aiwatar da FLoC, Google yana shirin daina tallafawa kukis na ɓangare na uku gaba ɗaya a cikin Chrome/Chromium waɗanda aka saita lokacin shiga rukunin yanar gizo ban da yankin shafin na yanzu. An riga an gwada FLoC ba da gangan ba akan ƙaramin adadin masu amfani da Chrome 90, kuma ana haɗa goyan bayan FLoC a cikin lambar lambar Chromium.

A cewar masu adawa da aiwatar da FLoC, wannan fasaha, maimakon gaba daya watsi da bin diddigin masu amfani, kawai maye gurbin nau'in niyya ne kawai tare da wani, kuma yayin ƙoƙarin magance wasu matsalolin, yana haifar da wasu. Misali, FLoC yana ƙirƙira sharuɗɗan nuna wariya ga masu amfani dangane da abubuwan da suke so da ra'ayoyinsu.

Martanin wasu ayyuka game da haɗa FLoC cikin lambar Chromium:

• Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu haɓaka tsarin sarrafa abun ciki na WordPress, wanda ke da kusan kashi 40% na kasuwar CMS, ya ba da shawarar kula da FLoC a matsayin haɗarin tsaro da kuma cin gajiyar ikon ƙayyadaddun don hana amfani da FLoC da kuma hana gano sha'awar mai amfani. bayanai don kowane rukunin yanar gizo. Za a iya kunna ficewa daga FLoC a gefen rukunin yanar gizon ta hanyar saita taken HTTP "Izini-Manufa: sha'awa-cohort=()". An ba da shawara don ba da damar irin wannan haramcin FLoC ta tsohuwa a cikin kowane yanayi na WordPress da sabunta canje-canje a ɗayan sabuntawar don kawar da al'amuran tsaro.

  Idan an amince da shawarar, duk rukunin yanar gizon da ke amfani da sabuntawar WordPress ta atomatik za su kasance suna kashe FLoC ta tsohuwa. Ga waɗanda ke son amfani da FLoC, za a ba da zaɓi don musaki watsa labarin "Izini-Manufa: sha'awa-cohort=()". Irin wannan haramcin akan FLoC ta tsohuwa ana kuma ba da shawarar ƙarawa zuwa babban sakin WordPress 5.8, amma an shirya shi don Yuli kuma maiyuwa ba zai kasance a cikin lokacin haɗar FLoC mai yawa ba, don haka yuwuwar kashe FLoC ta hanyar sabuntawa ta wucin gadi. ana la'akari.

  A cikin maganganun, ba kowa ya yarda da shawarar sakin irin wannan sabuntawa ba, yana jayayya cewa matsalolin tsaro bai kamata a rikita batun da damuwa game da sirri ba. Yin amfani da canje-canjen da aka bayar a cikin sabuntawar da aka shigar ta atomatik na iya haifar da asarar amincewa ga irin waɗannan sabuntawa.

• Masu haɓaka masu binciken Vivaldi da Brave Browser sun ƙi aiwatar da tallafin FLoC a cikin samfuran su, suna masu cewa masu amfani da su suna da haƙƙin sirri. Wakilan Vivaldi sun kuma nuna cewa, don kiran spade a spade, FLoC ba fasaha ce ta sirri ba, kamar yadda Google ke ƙoƙarin inganta shi, amma fasahar sa ido ta sirri.
• Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) ta kaddamar da wani gidan yanar gizo amifloced.org wanda ke ba ka damar gano shigar FLoC a cikin mashigar yanar gizo, wanda ke ba mai amfani damar fahimtar ko yana shiga cikin gwajin Google.
• Injin binciken DuckDuckGo ya soki FLoC kuma ya kara toshe FLoC zuwa ga DuckDuckGo Privacy Essentials Chrome add-on, sannan kuma ya haramta amfani da FLoC akan gidan yanar gizon duckduckgo.com (DuckDuckGo Search) ta hanyar saita taken HTTP “Izinin-Manufa: ƙungiyar riba. =()".
• Har yanzu Microsoft bai fara ba da damar FLoC a cikin mai binciken Edge ba, ya ɗauki hanyar jira da gani kuma yana ƙoƙarin haɓaka fasahar bin diddigin abin da ya fi so PARAKEET (Masu zaman kansu da Buƙatun Baƙaƙe don Tallace-tallacen da ke Ci gaba da Inganci da Haɓaka Gaskiya). Mahimmancin PARAKEET shine amfani da uwar garken wakili dake tsakanin mai amfani da cibiyar sadarwar talla. An sanya mai amfani da mai ganowa na musamman, amma bayanin game da shi ana karɓar shi ta hanyar wakili ne kawai, wanda ke watsa ƙayyadaddun saiti na bayanan da ba a san su ba zuwa cibiyar sadarwar talla.
• Mozilla da Opera ba su da shirin ƙara aiwatar da FLoC zuwa samfuran su. Har yanzu Apple bai yanke shawara ta ƙarshe ba game da aiwatar da FLoC a cikin Safari.
• UBlock ad blocker yanzu yana hana buƙatun FLoC ta tsohuwa. An ƙara toshewar FLoC makamancin haka zuwa Adguard da Adblock Plus add-ons.

Bari mu tuna cewa FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts) API an tsara shi don ƙayyade nau'in abubuwan masu amfani ba tare da tantance mutum ɗaya ba kuma ba tare da la'akari da tarihin ziyartar takamaiman shafuka ba. FLoC yana ba ku damar gano ƙungiyoyin masu amfani masu irin wannan bukatu ba tare da tantance masu amfani ɗaya ba. Ana gano abubuwan masu amfani ta hanyar amfani da “cohorts,” gajerun lakabi waɗanda ke bayyana ƙungiyoyin sha'awa daban-daban. Ana ƙididdige ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi a gefen burauza ta hanyar amfani da algorithms na koyon injin don bincika bayanan tarihi da abun ciki da aka buɗe a cikin mai binciken. Cikakkun bayanai sun kasance a gefen mai amfani, kuma kawai bayanai na gaba ɗaya game da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi ana watsa su a waje, suna nuna sha'awa da barin tallan da ya dace don nunawa ba tare da bin takamaiman mai amfani ba.

Babban hatsarori masu alaƙa da aiwatar da FLoC:

• Wariya dangane da zaɓin mai amfani. Misali, tayin aiki da lamuni na iya bambanta dangane da kabila, addini, jinsi da shekaru. Ana iya yin niyya ga masu amfani da tsabar kuɗi don lamuni tare da ƙimar riba mai yawa, kuma ana iya amfani da ƙididdige ƙididdiga da abubuwan da ake so na siyasa don ƙara sahihanci. Tare da FLoC, bayanin ɗabi'a zai bi mai amfani daga shafi zuwa shafi kuma ana iya amfani da bayanan ayyukan da suka gabata don sarrafa mai amfani lokacin buɗe shafuka.
• Yana yiwuwa a juyar da injiniyan tarihin bincikenku bisa bayanan ƙungiyar. Binciken algorithm don sanya ƙungiyoyin ƙungiya zai ba mu damar yin hukunci kusan wuraren da mai amfani zai iya ziyarta. Hakanan, dangane da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi, mutum na iya yanke hukunci game da shekaru, matsayin zamantakewa, daidaitawar jinsi, zaɓin siyasa, matsalolin kuɗi ko gogaggun bala'i.
• Fitowar wani ƙarin abu don ɓoye ɓoye na mai binciken mai amfani ("binciken yatsa mai lilo"). Ko da yake ƙungiyoyin FLoC za su rufe dubban mutane, ana iya amfani da su don inganta daidaiton ganowar mai bincike lokacin da aka yi amfani da su tare da wasu bayanan kai tsaye kamar ƙudurin allo, jerin nau'ikan MIME masu goyan baya, takamaiman sigogi a cikin masu kai (HTTP/2 da HTTPS) , shigar plugins da fonts, samuwan wasu APIs na Yanar Gizo, takamaiman fasalulluka na katin bidiyo ta amfani da WebGL da Canvas, CSS manipulations, fasali na aiki tare da linzamin kwamfuta da madannai.
• Samar da ƙarin bayanan sirri ga masu sa ido waɗanda suka riga sun gano masu amfani. Misali, idan an gano mai amfani kuma ya shiga cikin asusunsa, sabis ɗin na iya yin daidai daidai da fifikon bayanan da aka kayyade a cikin ƙungiyar tare da takamaiman mai amfani, kuma lokacin da ƙungiyoyi suka canza, bibiyar canjin zaɓin.

Bugu da ƙari, ana iya lura cewa a layi daya, wakilan masana'antar talla suna haɓaka wasu hanyoyin tantancewa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don bin diddigin masu amfani idan an toshe Kukis na ɓangare na uku a cikin Chrome. Misali, Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ya ba da shawarar fasahar UID2 (Unified Identifier), wanda ke aiwatar da hanyar gano mai amfani da ke aiki tare da haɗin gwiwar masu rukunin yanar gizon. Ana samar da mai gano UID2 bisa bayanin da mai amfani ya bayar lokacin yin rajista akan rukunin yanar gizon, kamar imel, lambar waya, ko bayanan asusun cibiyar sadarwar zamantakewa. Dangane da ɓoyayyen abun ciki na UID2, mai tsara kayan more rayuwa yana ƙirƙirar alamar cewa mai rukunin yanar gizon zai iya canjawa wuri zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwar talla. Cibiyoyin talla masu izini na iya samun maɓallan don ɓata alamar da samun ainihin UID2, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don gina bayanin martabar mai amfani gaba ɗaya wanda ke tara bayanai daga wurare daban-daban.

source: budenet.ru