A bara, gwamnati ta amince da wani shiri na aiki a fannin Tsaron Bayanai. Wannan wani bangare ne na shirin "Digital Economy na Tarayyar Rasha". Kunshe a cikin shirin idan aka cire haɗin daga sabar na waje. Wasu gungun wakilai da shugaban kwamitin majalisar tarayya Andrei Klishas ya jagoranta ne suka shirya takardun.
Me yasa Rasha ke buƙatar wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa na hanyar sadarwa ta duniya da kuma abin da mawallafa na shirin ke bi - kara a cikin kayan.
Me yasa ake buƙatar irin wannan lissafin kwata-kwata?
A cikin sharhin TASS : "Ana samar da dama don rage yawan canja wurin bayanan da aka musayar tsakanin masu amfani da Rasha."
A cikin takarda game da manufar ƙirƙirar Runet mai cin gashin kansa : “Domin tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki da Intanet, ana ƙirƙiri tsarin ƙasa don samun bayanai game da sunayen yanki da (ko adiresoshin cibiyar sadarwa) a matsayin tsarin haɗaɗɗiyar software da kayan masarufi waɗanda aka tsara don adanawa da samun bayanai game da adiresoshin cibiyar sadarwa dangane da su. zuwa sunayen yanki, gami da waɗanda aka haɗa a yankin yanki na ƙasar Rasha, da kuma izini lokacin warware sunayen yanki."
Marubutan daftarin aiki sun fara shirya wani kudirin doka "la'akari da mummunan yanayin dabarun tsaron yanar gizo na Amurka da aka amince da shi a watan Satumba na 2018," wanda ke shelanta ka'idar "tsare zaman lafiya da karfi," kuma Rasha, a tsakanin sauran ƙasashe, shine " kai tsaye ba tare da wata shaida da ake zargi da kai harin hacker ba.”
Wanene zai gudanar da komai idan an zartar da doka?
Kudirin ya bayyana cewa don kafa ka'idojin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da kuma aiwatar da wadancan dokokin . Sashen kuma zai dauki nauyin rage yawan zirga-zirgar Rasha da ke ratsawa ta cibiyoyin sadarwar kasashen waje. Za a ba da alhakin sarrafa kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa na RuNet a cikin yanayi mai mahimmanci zuwa wata cibiya ta musamman. An riga an ƙirƙira shi a cikin sabis na mitar rediyo ƙarƙashin Roskomnadzor.
, a cewar gwamnati, ya kamata a kirkiro a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Ya kamata a kira shi "Cibiyar Gudanar da Sadarwar Sadarwar Jama'a". Gwamnati ta ba Roskomnadzor shekara guda don haɓaka software da kayan aikin masarufi don kulawa da sarrafa hanyar sadarwar jama'a.
Wanene zai biya na menene kuma nawa?
Hatta marubutan lissafin suna da wuya su faɗi nawa Runet mai cin gashin kansa gaba ɗaya zai kashe kasafin kuɗi.
Da farko, 'yan majalisa sun ce muna magana game da 2 biliyan rubles. A wannan shekara marubutan . Daga baya aka ruwaito cewa .
Sayen kayan aikin da za su tabbatar da tsaro na sashin Rasha kadai zai kashe rubles biliyan 21. Kimanin biliyan 5 ne za a kashe wajen tattara bayanai game da adiresoshin Intanet, adadin tsare-tsare masu cin gashin kansu da kuma cudanya tsakanin su, hanyoyin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a Intanet, da kuma wani biliyan 5 kan sarrafa masarrafa ta musamman, da kuma samar da manhajoji da masarrafai da aka kera don tattarawa da adana bayanai. .
Har yanzu dai ba a san wanda zai biya komi ba: ko dai duk kudaden za su fito ne daga kasafin kudi, ko kuma a samar da sabbin ababen more rayuwa ta hanyar kudaden da kamfanonin sadarwa ke amfani da su, wadanda za su girka da kuma kula da kayan da kansu.
An bayyana cewa, “ba a tsara al’amurran da suka shafi aiki da na zamani da wadannan wuraren ba, ciki har da batun tallafin kudi na wadannan hanyoyin, da kuma lamuni na barnar da aka samu a yayin da aka samu gazawa wajen tafiyar da hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa ta hanyar aiki. daga cikin waɗannan wuraren, gami da na ɓangare na uku."
Sai a tsakiyar watan Maris na shekarar da ta gabata ne Majalisar Tarayya ta ba da shawarar . Don haka, an gabatar da wata takarda ga ’yan majalisa don yin la’akari da gyare-gyare game da diyya daga kasafin kuɗi na farashin masu aiki don hidimar kayan aiki don aiwatar da shi. Bugu da ƙari, masu samarwa za a keɓe su daga alhakin gazawar hanyar sadarwa ga masu biyan kuɗi idan dalilin waɗannan gazawar sabbin kayan aiki ne.
"Tunda za a sayi kayan aikin fasaha da aka tsara don sanyawa daga kasafin kudin, ya kamata kuma a biya masu kula da wadannan na'urori daga kudaden kasafin kudin," in ji Sanata Lyudmila Bokova, marubucin gyare-gyaren.
Za a yi amfani da kuɗin galibi don shigar da tsarin DPI (Deep Packet Inspection), wanda aka haɓaka a RDP.RU. Roskomnadzor ya zaɓi kayan aiki daga wannan kamfani na musamman bayan gudanar da gwaje-gwaje daga masana'antun Rasha guda bakwai daban-daban.
"Bisa sakamakon gwaji akan hanyar sadarwar Rostelecom a bara, tsarin DPI daga RDP.RU ya karɓi, don yin magana, "wucewa." Masu gudanarwa suna da wasu tambayoyi game da shi, amma gabaɗaya tsarin ya sami nasarar yin gwaji. Don haka, ban yi mamakin cewa sun yanke shawarar yin gwaji akan sikelin mafi girma ba. Kuma sanya shi a kan cibiyoyin sadarwa na ƙarin masu aiki, " .
Tsarin aiki na tacewar DPI ()
Tsarin DPI software ne da hadaddun kayan masarufi wanda ke nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin fakitin bayanan da ke wucewa ta hanyar sadarwar. Abubuwan da ke cikin fakitin su ne kan kai, inda ake nufi da adiresoshin masu aikawa, da jiki. Wannan shine kashi na ƙarshe da tsarin DPI zai bincika. Idan a baya Roskomnadzor ya kalli adireshin inda ake nufi kawai, yanzu nazarin sa hannu zai zama mahimmanci. An kwatanta abun da ke cikin jikin kunshin tare da ma'auni - sanannen fakitin Telegram, alal misali. Idan wasan yana kusa da ɗaya, ana zubar da fakitin.
Mafi sauƙin tsarin tace zirga-zirga na DPI ya haɗa da:
- Katunan hanyar sadarwa tare da Yanayin Waya, wanda ke haɗa musaya a matakin farko. Ko da ikon uwar garken ya tsaya ba zato ba tsammani, hanyar haɗi tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ci gaba da aiki, yana wucewa ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki.
- Tsarin kulawa. Yana saka idanu masu nunin cibiyar sadarwa da nisa kuma yana nuna su akan allon.
- Kayayyakin wuta guda biyu waɗanda zasu iya maye gurbin juna idan ya cancanta.
- Hard Drive biyu, daya ko biyu processor.
Ba a san farashin tsarin RDP.RU ba, amma rukunin DPI na yanki na yanki ya ƙunshi hanyoyin sadarwa, cibiyoyin sadarwa, sabobin, tashoshin sadarwa da wasu abubuwa. Irin wannan kayan aiki ba zai iya zama mai arha ba. Kuma idan kun yi la'akari da cewa DPI yana buƙatar shigar da kowane mai bada (duk nau'in sadarwa) a kowane maɓalli mai mahimmanci a duk faɗin ƙasar, to 20 biliyan rubles na iya zama iyaka.
Ta yaya kamfanonin sadarwa ke shiga cikin aiwatar da kudirin?
Masu aiki za su girka kayan aikin da kansu. Su kuma ke da alhakin aiki da kulawa. Za su yi:
- daidaita yadda ake tafiyar da sakonnin sadarwa bisa bukatar gwamnatin tarayya;
- don warware sunayen yanki, amfani da sabobin da ke aiki a yankin Tarayyar Rasha;
- bayar da bayanai ta hanyar lantarki game da adiresoshin hanyar sadarwa na masu biyan kuɗi da kuma hulɗar su da sauran masu biyan kuɗi, da kuma bayanai game da hanyoyin saƙonnin sadarwa zuwa ga hukumar zartarwa ta tarayya.
Yaushe ake farawa?
Ba da jimawa ba. A ƙarshen Maris 2019, Roskomnadzor ya gayyaci masu aiki daga Big Four don gwada Runet don "sarauta." Sadarwar wayar hannu za ta zama wani nau'i na gwaji don gwada "Runet mai cin gashin kansa" a cikin aiki. Gwajin ba zai kasance na duniya ba, za a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a daya daga cikin yankuna na Rasha.
A yayin gwaje-gwajen, masu aiki za su gwada kayan aikin tace zirga-zirga mai zurfi (DPI) wanda kamfanin RDP.RU na Rasha ya haɓaka. Manufar gwaji shine don duba aikin ra'ayin. A lokaci guda kuma, an nemi ma'aikatan sadarwa da su ba Roskomnadzor bayanai game da tsarin sadarwar su. Wannan ya zama dole don zaɓar yanki don gwaji da ganowa . Za a zaɓi yankin a cikin 'yan makonni bayan karɓar bayanai daga masu aiki.
Kayan aikin DPI zai ba da damar duba ingancin toshe albarkatu da ayyukan da aka haramta a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, gami da Telegram. Bugu da kari, za su kuma gwada iyakance saurin isa ga wasu albarkatu (misali, Facebook da Google). 'Yan majalisa na cikin gida ba su gamsu da gaskiyar cewa kamfanonin biyu suna samar da adadi mai yawa na zirga-zirga ba tare da zuba jari a cikin ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwa na Rasha ba. Wannan hanyar ita ake kira fifikon zirga-zirga.
Ta amfani da DPI, zaku iya samun nasarar ba da fifiko kan zirga-zirgar zirga-zirga da rage saurin samun damar shiga YouTube ko duk wata hanya. A cikin 2009-2010, lokacin da shaharar masu bin diddigin torrent ya yi yawa, yawancin kamfanonin sadarwa sun saita kansu DPI daidai don gane zirga-zirgar p2p da rage saurin saukarwa akan torrent, tunda tashoshin sadarwa ba za su iya jure wa irin wannan lodi ba. Don haka masu aiki sun riga sun sami gogewa wajen lalata wasu nau'ikan zirga-zirga," in ji Shugaba Diphost Philip Kulin.
Wadanne matsaloli da matsaloli ne aikin ke da shi?
Baya ga tsadar aikin, akwai wasu matsaloli da dama. Babban shine rashin ci gaban daftarin aiki akan "RuNet mai cin gashin kansa" kanta. Mahalarta kasuwa da masana suna magana game da wannan. Abubuwa da yawa ba su da tabbas, wasu kuma ba a nuna su kwata-kwata (kamar, alal misali, tushen kuɗi don aiwatar da tanade-tanaden lissafin).
Idan, lokacin gabatar da sabon tsarin, masu aiki sun gamu da matsaloli, wato, Intanet ya rushe, to, jihar za ta biya diyya ga masu aiki kimanin biliyan 124 rubles a kowace shekara. Wannan adadi ne mai yawa don kasafin kudin Rasha.
Shugaban kungiyar masu masana'antu da 'yan kasuwa ta Rasha (RSPP), Alexander Shokhin, har ma ya aika da wasika zuwa ga kakakin majalisar Duma na jihar Vyacheslav Volodin, inda ya nuna cewa. .
source: www.habr.com