🥇 VPS rau Linux nrog rau lub graphical interface: tso tawm lub VNC server rau ntawm Ubuntu 18.04

Muaj ib txhia neeg siv xauj VPS pheej yig heev nrog Windows kom pib qhov kev pabcuam Remote Desktop. Tib yam tuaj yeem ua tau rau ntawm Linux Tsis tas yuav muaj koj tus kheej cov khoom siv kho vajtse hauv lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv lossis xauj lub server tshwj xeeb. Lwm tus xav tau ib puag ncig graphical paub zoo rau kev sim thiab kev txhim kho, lossis lub desktop nyob deb nrog kev sib txuas broadband rau kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov khoom siv mobile. Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov rau Remote FrameBuffer (RFB) protocol-based Virtual Network Computing (VNC). Hauv tsab xov xwm luv luv no, peb yuav piav qhia yuav ua li cas teeb tsa nws ntawm lub tshuab virtual nrog txhua lub hypervisor.

Cov ntsiab lus:

Xaiv VNC Server
Teeb thiab kev teeb tsa
Pib qhov kev pabcuam ntawm systemd
Kev sib txuas ntawm Desktop

Xaiv VNC Server

Cov kev pabcuam VNC tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv lub tshuab virtualization, thiab tus neeg saib xyuas yuav txuas nws nrog cov khoom siv emulated thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev teeb tsa ntxiv. Qhov kev xaiv no suav nrog cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg muab kev pabcuam - txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev siv cov peev txheej tsawg dua, thaum es tsis txhob ua raws li cov khoom siv kos duab tiag tiag, qhov kev xav tau yooj yim (framebuffer) raug xa mus rau lub tshuab virtual. Qee lub sij hawm VNC server raug khi rau X server khiav, tab sis txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nkag mus rau lub tshuab lub cev, thiab ntawm ib qho virtual nws tsim ntau yam teeb meem. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws rau nruab VNC server yog nrog X server ua haujlwm. Nws tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej siv lub cev (video adapter, keyboard thiab nas) lossis lawv cov emulation siv lub hypervisor, thiab yog li tsim nyog rau txhua hom VPS.

Teeb thiab kev teeb tsa

Peb yuav xav tau lub tshuab virtual nrog Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev teeb tsa ua ntej. Cov chaw khaws cia tus qauv ntawm qhov kev faib tawm no suav nrog ntau lub VNC servers: TightVNC, TigerVNC, x 11 nc thiab lwm tus. Peb tau txiav txim siab ntawm TigerVNC - tus nkhaus tam sim no ntawm TightVNC, uas tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tus tsim tawm. Kev teeb tsa lwm cov servers yog ua tiav hauv txoj kev zoo sib xws. Koj kuj yuav tsum xaiv lub desktop ib puag ncig: qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, hauv peb lub tswv yim, yuav yog XFCE vim qhov kev xav tau qis rau kev siv nyiaj txiag. Cov neeg uas xav tuaj yeem nruab lwm DE lossis WM: txhua yam nyob ntawm tus kheej nyiam, tab sis qhov kev xaiv ntawm software cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov xav tau ntawm RAM thiab xam cores.

Txhim kho lub desktop ib puag ncig nrog txhua qhov kev vam meej yog ua tiav nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no:

sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils

Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum nruab VNC server:

sudo apt-get install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common

Khiav nws li superuser yog lub tswv yim phem. Tsim ib tus neeg siv thiab pab pawg:

sudo adduser vnc

Cia peb ntxiv tus neeg siv rau pawg sudo kom nws tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm ntsig txog kev tswj hwm. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov xav tau, koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no:

sudo gpasswd -a vnc sudo

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog khiav VNC neeg rau zaub mov nrog vnc cov cai rau cov neeg siv los tsim tus password ruaj ntseg thiab teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv hauv ~/.vnc/ directory. Tus password ntev tuaj yeem yog 6 mus rau 8 tus cim (cov cim ntxiv raug txiav tawm). Yog tias tsim nyog, tus password kuj raug teeb tsa kom pom nkaus xwb, piv txwv li. tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau cov keyboard thiab nas. Cov lus txib hauv qab no raug ua raws li tus neeg siv vnc:

su - vnc
vncserver -localhost no

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, RFB raws tu qauv siv TCP chaw nres nkoj ntau ntawm 5900 txog 5906 - qhov no yog qhov hu ua. tso saib cov chaw nres nkoj, txhua qhov sib xws rau X server screen. Hauv qhov no, cov chaw nres nkoj cuam tshuam nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntawm : 0 txog : 6. VNC neeg rau zaub mov piv txwv peb pib mloog chaw nres nkoj 5901 (screen: 1). Lwm qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus: 2, :3, thiab lwm yam. Ua ntej kev teeb tsa ntxiv, koj yuav tsum nres lub server:

vncserver -kill :1

Cov lus txib yuav tsum tso tawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li no: "Tua Xtigervnc txheej txheem ID 18105 ... ua tiav!"

Thaum TigerVNC pib, nws khiav ~/.vnc/xstartup tsab ntawv los teeb tsa kev teeb tsa. Cia peb tsim peb tus kheej tsab ntawv, ua ntej txuag ib daim ntawv theej ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm, yog tias muaj:

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.b
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

XFCE desktop ib puag ncig kev sib tham yog pib los ntawm cov ntawv xstartup hauv qab no:

#!/bin/bash
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
exec /usr/bin/startxfce4 &

Cov lus txib xrdb yog xav tau rau VNC los nyeem cov ntaub ntawv .Xresources hauv cov npe hauv tsev. Nyob ntawd tus neeg siv tuaj yeem txhais ntau yam duab duab teeb tsa: font rendering, terminal xim, cursor ntxhais, thiab lwm yam. Tsab ntawv yuav tsum tau ua executable:

chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartup

Qhov no ua kom tiav VNC server teeb. Yog tias koj khiav nws nrog cov lus txib vncserver -localhost tsis muaj (raws li tus neeg siv vnc), koj tuaj yeem txuas nrog lo lus zais yav dhau los thiab pom cov duab hauv qab no:

Pib qhov kev pabcuam ntawm systemd

Manually pib VNC server tsis haum rau kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua, yog li peb yuav teeb tsa qhov kev pabcuam. Cov lus txib raug tua raws li hauv paus (peb siv sudo). Ua ntej, cia peb tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau peb lub server:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service

Lub cim @ hauv lub npe tso cai rau koj dhau qhov kev sib cav los teeb tsa qhov kev pabcuam. Hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, nws qhia txog VNC zaub chaw nres nkoj. Cov ntaub ntawv chav tsev muaj ntau ntu:

[Unit]
Description=TigerVNC server
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=vnc 
Group=vnc 
WorkingDirectory=/home/vnc 
PIDFile=/home/vnc/.vnc/%H:%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x960 :%i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ceeb toom rau systemd txog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab qhib nws:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable vncserver@1.service

Tus naj npawb 1 hauv lub npe qhia tus lej tshuaj ntsuam.

Nres VNC neeg rau zaub mov, pib nws ua kev pabcuam thiab tshawb xyuas cov xwm txheej:

# от имени пользователя vnc 
vncserver -kill :1

# с привилегиями суперпользователя
sudo systemctl start vncserver@1
sudo systemctl status vncserver@1

Yog tias qhov kev pabcuam tau ua haujlwm, peb yuav tsum tau txais qee yam zoo li no.

Kev sib txuas ntawm Desktop

Peb qhov kev teeb tsa tsis siv encryption, yog li cov pob ntawv network tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv VNC servers feem ntau nrhiav vulnerabilities, yog li ntawd tsis muaj qab hau qhib lawv rau kev nkag mus rau hauv internet. Yuav kom txuas tau rau koj lub computer hauv zos kom ruaj ntseg, koj yuav tsum tau tunnel koj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv SSH tunnel thiab tom qab ntawd teeb tsa VNC client. Windows Koj siv tau ib lub graphical SSH client (xws li PuTTY). Rau kev ruaj ntseg, TigerVNC ntawm lub server tsuas mloog localhost xwb thiab tsis nkag tau ncaj qha los ntawm cov network pej xeem:


sudo netstat -ap |more

В Linux, FreeBSD, OS X thiab lwm yam UNIX-zoo li operating systems, ib lub qhov av los ntawm lub computer client yog tsim los ntawm kev siv ssh utility (sshd yuav tsum khiav ntawm VNC server):

ssh -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l vnc vnc_server_ip

Qhov kev xaiv -L khi chaw nres nkoj 5901 ntawm cov chaw taws teeb txuas mus rau chaw nres nkoj 5901 ntawm localhost. Qhov kev xaiv -C ua kom compression, thiab -N kev xaiv qhia ssh tsis txhob ua rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj. Qhov kev xaiv -l qhia tus ID nkag mus rau cov chaw taws teeb nkag.

Tom qab teeb tsa lub qhov hauv lub khoos phis tawj hauv zos, koj yuav tsum tso tus neeg siv khoom VNC thiab tsim kev sib txuas rau tus tswv 127.0.0.1: 5901 (localhost: 5901), siv lo lus zais yav dhau los kom nkag mus rau VNC server. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov encrypted nrog XFCE graphical desktop ib puag ncig ntawm VPS. Nyob rau hauv lub screenshot, cov nqi hluav taws xob sab saum toj yog khiav hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg emulator los qhia lub tshuab virtual siv tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv suav. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm tus neeg siv daim ntawv thov.

Nruab thiab teeb tsa VNC server hauv Linux Qhov no ua tau rau txhua lub VPS. Qhov no tsis tas yuav kim thiab siv nyiaj ntau nrog kev emulation video adapter lossis kev yuav cov ntawv tso cai software lag luam. Ntxiv rau qhov kev xaiv kev pabcuam system uas peb tau tham txog, muaj lwm tus: pib hauv hom daemon (ntawm /etc/rc.local) thaum lub system khau raj lossis thaum xav tau ntawm inetd. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov kev teeb tsa ntau tus neeg siv. Lub internet superserver yuav tso tawm VNC server thiab txuas tus neeg siv khoom rau nws, thiab VNC server yuav tsim ib qho screen tshiab thiab pib lub rooj sib tham. Tus thawj tswj hwm zaub graphical (piv txwv li, LightDM), thiab tom qab txiav tawm tus neeg siv khoom, qhov kev sib kho yuav raug kaw thiab txhua qhov haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog lub vijtsam yuav raug txiav.