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Mwepụta nke Linux nkesa Fedora 34

Ewepụtala nkesa Linux Fedora 34 ngwaahịa Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, CoreOS, Fedora IoT Edition, yana otu “spins” na Live na-ewuli gburugburu desktọpụ KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, i3, MATE. , Cinnamon, LXDE ka akwadoro maka nbudata na LXQt. A na-emepụta mgbakọ maka x86_64, Power64, ARM64 (AArch64) architectures na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche nwere 32-bit ARM processors. Mbipụta nke Fedora Silverblue na-ewuli egbuola oge.

Ọganihu kachasị ama na Fedora 34 bụ:

  • Ebugharịla iyi iyi ọdịyo niile na sava mgbasa ozi PipeWire, nke bụzi ndabara kama PulseAudio na JACK. Iji PipeWire na-enye gị ohere ịnye ikike nhazi ọdịyo ọkachamara na mbipụta desktọpụ oge niile, wepụ nkewa ma jikọta akụrụngwa ọdịyo maka ngwa dị iche iche.

    Na mwepụta ndị gara aga, Fedora Workstation ji usoro ndabere akpọrọ PulseAudio hazie ọdịyo, yana ngwa na-eji ọba akwụkwọ ndị ahịa na-emekọrịta ihe na usoro ahụ, na-agwakọta na ijikwa iyi ọdịyo. Maka nhazi ọdịyo ọkachamara, ejiri ihe nkesa ụda JACK na ọba akwụkwọ ndị ahịa metụtara. Iji hụ na ndakọrịta, kama ọbá akwụkwọ maka ịmekọrịta PulseAudio na JACK, agbakwunyere oyi akwa na-agba ọsọ site na PipeWire, nke na-enye gị ohere ịchekwa ọrụ nke ndị ahịa PulseAudio na JACK niile dị adị, yana ngwa ewepụtara na usoro Flatpak. Maka ndị ahịa nketa na-eji ALSA API dị ala, etinyere ihe mgbakwunye ALSA nke na-eduga iyi ọdịyo ozugbo gaa na PipeWire.

  • Agbanyela ụlọ ndị nwere desktọpụ KDE ka ọ jiri Wayland na ndabara. Eweghachila nnọkọ dabere na X11 na nhọrọ. Achọpụtara na ntọhapụ nke KDE Plasma 34 ewepụtara na Fedora 5.20 ka ewebatala ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ọrụ ya na ụdị ọrụ dị n'elu X11, gụnyere nsogbu na ntinye ihuenyo na ịpị bọtịnụ etiti. Iji rụọ ọrụ mgbe ị na-eji ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala NVIDIA, a na-eji ngwugwu kwin-wayland-nvidia. A na-ahụta ndakọrịta na ngwa X11 site na iji akụrụngwa XWayland.
  • Nkwado Wayland emelitere. Agbakwunyere ikike iji akụrụngwa XWayland na sistemu nwere ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala NVIDIA nwe ya. Na gburugburu ndị dị na Wayland, a na-emejuputa nkwado maka ịrụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ enweghị isi, nke na-enye gị ohere ịme ngwa desktọpụ na sistemụ ihe nkesa dịpụrụ adịpụ site na VNC ma ọ bụ RDP.
  • Emelitela desktọpụ Fedora Workstation ka ọ bụrụ GNOME 40 na GTK 4. Na GNOME 40, arụ ọrụ Overview mebere desktọpụ ebugharịla na ntụgharị ihu ala ma gosipụta ya n'agbụ mpịakọta na-aga n'ihu site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri. Desktọpụ ọ bụla egosipụtara na ọnọdụ nlele anya na-eji anya nke uche na-ahụta windo ndị dịnụ ma na-atụgharị na mbugharị ka onye ọrụ na-emekọrịta ihe. A na-enye mgbanwe enweghị nkebi n'etiti ndepụta mmemme na kọmpụta mebere. Nhazi ọrụ emelitere mgbe enwere ọtụtụ nlekota oru. Emebela nhazi nke ọtụtụ mmemme. GNOME Shell na-akwado iji GPU maka ịsụgharị shaders.
    Mwepụta nke Linux nkesa Fedora 34
  • Ebulila mbipụta niile nke Fedora ka ha jiri sistemu sistemu-oomd maka nzaghachi mbido maka ọnọdụ ebe nchekwa dị ala na sistemụ, kama usoro mbido nke ejiri na mbụ. Systemd-oomd dabeere na PSI (Pressure Stall Information) kernel subsystem, nke na-enye gị ohere inyocha na onye ọrụ ohere ozi banyere oge echere iji nweta dị iche iche akụrụngwa (CPU, ebe nchekwa, I / O) iji nyochaa n'ụzọ ziri ezi na larịị nke usoro ibu. na ọdịdị nke slowdown. PSI na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta mmalite nke igbu oge n'ihi enweghị ihe onwunwe ma họrọ kwụsị ọrụ na-akpa ike akụ na ụba na ọkwa mgbe usoro ahụ abanyebeghị n'ọnọdụ dị oke egwu ma ghara ịmalite ibelata cache nke ukwuu ma tinye data n'ime swap. nkebi.
  • Sistemụ faịlụ Btrfs, nke kemgbe ntọhapụ ikpeazụ bụ nke ndabara maka ụtọ desktọpụ nke Fedora (Fedora Workstation, Fedora KDE, wdg), gụnyere mkpakọ data transperent site na iji ZSTD algọridim. Mkpakọ bụ ndabara maka nrụnye ọhụrụ nke Fedora 34. Ndị ọrụ nke sistemu dị adị nwere ike ime ka mkpakọ site na ịgbakwunye ọkọlọtọ "compress = zstd: 1" na /etc/fstab na-agba ọsọ "sudo btrfs filesystem defrag -czstd -rv / /home/" ka mpikota onu ugbua data. Iji nyochaa arụmọrụ mkpakọ, ị nwere ike iji “compsize” ike. Achọpụtara na ịchekwa data n'ụdị mpempe akwụkwọ ọ bụghị naanị na-azọpụta ohere diski, kamakwa na-abawanye ndụ ọrụ nke draịva SSD site na ibelata olu nke ọrụ ide ihe, ma na-abawanye ọsọ nke ịgụ na ide faịlụ buru ibu na nke ọma na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. .
  • Mbipụta gọọmentị nke nkesa gụnyere ụdị ya na njikwa windo i3, nke na-enye ọnọdụ okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu windo tiled na desktọpụ.
  • Nhazi nke onyonyo na desktọpụ KDE maka sistemu dabere na AArch64 architecture amalitela, na mgbakwunye na mgbakọ nwere desktọpụ GNOME na Xfce, yana onyonyo maka sistemụ sava.
  • Agbakwunyere ihe onyonyo ọhụrụ Comp Neuro Container, nke gụnyere nhọrọ nke ịmegharị na ngwa ịme anwansị bara uru maka nyocha neuroscience.
  • Mbipụta nke Internetntanetị nke Ihe (Fedora IoT), nke na-enye usoro gburugburu ebe obibi wepụrụ na opekempe, nke a na-eme mmelite nke atomically site na dochie onyonyo nke sistemụ niile, na-ekewa ngwa ngwa site na isi sistemụ site na iji igbe dịpụrụ adịpụ. (A na-eji podman maka njikwa), nkwado maka bọọdụ ARM agbakwunyere Pine64, RockPro64 na Jetson Xavier NX, yana nkwado dị mma maka i.MX8 SoC dabeere na bọọdụ dị ka 96boards Thor96 na Solid Run HummingBoard-M. Enyere iji usoro nsuso ọdịda ngwaike (watchdog) maka mgbake sistemu akpaka.
  • Akwụsịla imepụta ngwungwu dị iche iche nwere ọba akwụkwọ eji arụ ọrụ dabere na Node.js. Kama, a na-enye Node.js naanị ngwugwu bụ isi nwere onye ntụgharị okwu, faịlụ nkụnye eji isi mee, ọba akwụkwọ mbụ, modul ọnụọgụ abụọ, yana ngwa njikwa ngwugwu (NPM, yarn). Ngwa ezigara na ebe nchekwa Fedora nke na-eji Node.js na-ahapụ ka itinye ndabere niile dị na otu ngwugwu, na-enweghị ikewa ma ọ bụ kewaa ọba akwụkwọ ndị ejiri na ngwugwu dị iche iche. Ịtinye ọba akwụkwọ ga-ekwe ka ị wepụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke obere ngwugwu, ga-eme ka nlekọta nke ngwugwu dị mfe (na mbụ, onye na-elekọta ya na-eji oge nyochaa ma nwalee ọtụtụ narị ngwugwu na ụlọ akwụkwọ karịa na isi ngwugwu na mmemme), ga-ewepụ ya. akụrụngwa nke esemokwu ọba akwụkwọ na ga-edozi nsogbu na ijikọ na ụdị ọba akwụkwọ (ndị na-elekọta ga-agụnye ụdị egosipụtara na anwale na ngwugwu).
  • Agbanwela injin font FreeType ka ọ jiri igwe na-akpụzi HarfBuzz glyph. Ojiji HarfBuzz na FreeType emeela ka mma nke hinting dịkwuo mma (na-eme ka nkọwapụta nke glyph dị mma n'oge rasterization iji meziwanye nghọta na ihuenyo dị ala) mgbe ị na-egosipụta ederede n'asụsụ dị iche iche nwere nhazi ederede dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwere ike ịmepụta glyphs site na ọtụtụ. agwa. Karịsịa, iji HarfBuzz na-enye gị ohere iwepụ nsogbu nke ileghara ligatures anya nke enweghị mkpụrụedemede Unicode dị iche iche mgbe ị na-egosi.
  • E wepụrụ ikike iji gbanyụọ SELinux mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ - gbanyụọ ya site n'ịgbanwe /etc/selinux/config settings (SELINUX=disabled) anaghị akwado ya. Mgbe ebidochara SELinux, ndị na-ahụ maka LSM ka edobere ka ọ bụrụ naanị usoro ọgụgụ, nke na-eme ka nchebe pụọ na mwakpo ndị na-anwa iwepu SELinux mgbe ha na-erigbu adịghị ike nke na-ekwe ka gbanwee ọdịnaya nke ebe nchekwa kernel. Iji gbanyụọ SELinux, ị nwere ike ịmalitegharị usoro ahụ site na ịgafe "selinux = 0" paramita na ahịrị iwu kernel. A na-ejigide ikike ịgbanwe n'etiti ụdị "mmanye" na "kwenye" ​​n'oge usoro buut.
  • Akụkụ Xwayland DDX, nke na-arụ ọrụ X.Org Server iji hazie mmezu nke ngwa X11 na gburugburu Wayland, ebugharịla na ngwugwu dị iche, gbakọtara site na ntọala koodu ọhụrụ nke kwụpụrụ na mwepụta kwụsiri ike nke X. Ihe nkesa Org.
  • Kwanyere ịmalitegharị ọrụ niile emelitere n'otu oge ka emechara azụmahịa na njikwa ngwugwu RPM. Ebe ọ bụ na mbụ amalitere ọrụ ahụ ozugbo emelitere ngwugwu ọ bụla jikọtara ya na ya, ugbu a etolitela kwụ n'ahịrị ma malitegharịa ọrụ na njedebe nke nnọkọ RPM, mgbe emelitere ngwugwu na ọba akwụkwọ niile.
  • Agbanwela onyonyo maka bọọdụ ARMv7 (armhfp) ka ọ bụrụ UEFI site na ndabara.
  • Ogo nke ngwaọrụ swap mebere nke injin zRAM na-enye na-abawanye site na nkeji iri na ise ruo ọkara nke ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ, ma ọnweghị oke na oke 8 GB. Mgbanwe ahụ na-enye gị ohere ịme ngwa ngwa Anaconda installer na sistemụ nwere obere RAM.
  • A hụla na a ga-ebunye ngwugwu akpa maka asụsụ nchara n'alaka ụlọ kwụsiri ike. Enyere ngwugwu na prefix "nchara-".
  • Iji belata nha nke nrụnye ihe oyiyi ISO, a na-enye SquashFS dị ọcha, na-enweghị oyi akwa EXT4 akwu, nke ejiri mee ihe maka akụkọ ihe mere eme.
  • Achịkọtala faịlụ nhazi bootloader GRUB maka ụlọ ọrụ niile akwadoro, n'agbanyeghị nkwado EFI.
  • Iji belata oriri ohere diski, a na-enye mkpakọ faịlụ nwere firmware nke Linux kernel na-eji (malite na kernel 5.3, a na-akwado nbudata firmware site na ebe nchekwa xz). Mgbe a na-ewepụghị ya, ngwa ngwa niile na-ewe ihe dị ka 900 MB, ma mgbe a na-ejikọta ya, ejiri ọkara belata nha ha.
  • Eji ntpsec dochie ngwugwu ntp (ihe nkesa maka ịmekọrịta kpọmkwem oge).
  • Ihe ngwugwu xemacs, xemacs-packages-base, xemacs-packages-extra na neXtaw, bụ nke mmepe ya kwụsịrị ogologo oge, ka ekwuputala na ọ gaghịzi adị. Akwụsịla ngwugwu nscd - a na-eji systemd-resolved ugbu a iji chekwaa ebe nchekwa data nnabata, na sssd enwere ike iji sssd na cache akpọrọ ọrụ.
  • Akwụsịla mkpokọta xorg-x11-* nke akụrụngwa X11;
  • Akwụsịla iji aha nna ukwu na ebe nchekwa git nke ọrụ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ewere okwu a n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ezighi ezi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Aha alaka nke ndabara na repositories git bụ "isi", yana n'ime ebe nchekwa nwere ngwugwu dịka src.fedoraproject.org/rpms alaka ahụ bụ "rawhide".
  • Ụdị ngwugwu emelitere, gụnyere: GCC 11, LLVM/Clang 12, Glibc 2.33, Binutils 2.35, Golang 1.16, Ruby 3.0, Ruby on Rails 6.1, BIND 9.16, MariaDB 10.5, PostgreSQL 13t0.16.0d LXfce
  • Ewebata akara ngosi ọhụrụ.
    Mwepụta nke Linux nkesa Fedora 34

N'otu oge ahụ, ewepụtara ebe nchekwa "free" na "enweghị n'efu" nke RPM Fusion project maka Fedora 34, nke ngwugwu nwere ngwa mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), codec vidiyo / audio, nkwado DVD, AMD nwe ya na Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala NVIDIA, mmemme egwuregwu, emulators.

isi: opennet.ru

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