Na August 25, 1991, mgbe ọnwa ise nke mmepe gasịrị, nwa akwụkwọ dị afọ 21 bụ Linus Torvalds. na comp.os.minix newsgroup banyere okike nke ụdị ọrụ nke sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux ọhụrụ, nke e dechara mmecha bash 1.08 na gcc 1.40. Ekwuputara mwepụta ọhaneze izizi nke Linux kernel na Septemba 17th. Isi nwere nha nke 62 KB n'ụdị agbakọ ma nwee ihe dị ka ahịrị koodu isi puku iri. Kernel Linux nke ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere ahịrị koodu karịrị nde 10. Dị ka ọmụmụ 26 nke European Union nyere iwu si kwuo, ọnụ ahịa dị nso nke ịmepụta ọrụ site na mbụ yiri kernel Linux ọgbara ọhụrụ ga-abụ. Dollar US (a na-eme mgbako mgbe kernel nwere ahịrị koodu nde iri na atọ), dịka atụmatụ - .
Sistemu arụ ọrụ MINIX sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ kernel Linux, nke Linus na-amasịghị n'ihi oke ikike ya. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe Linux ghọrọ ọrụ a ma ama, ndị na-enweghị mmasị gbalịrị ibo Linus ebubo na ọ na-edegharị koodu nke ụfọdụ sistemụ MINIX ozugbo. Andrew Tanenbaum, onye edemede MINIX, weghaara mwakpo ahụ, bụ onye kenyere otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ka ọ mee ntụle zuru ezu nke koodu Minix na nsụgharị ọha nke mbụ nke Linux. nyocha gosiri nani obere koodu ngọngọ anọ n'ihi chọrọ POSIX na ANSI C.
Linus bu n'obi na-akpọ kernel Freax, site na okwu "free", "freak" na X (Unix). Mana kernel natara aha "Linux" ekele maka Ari Lemmke, onye, na arịrịọ Linus, tinye kernel ahụ. mahadum, na-akpọ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na ebe nchekwa ahụ abụghị "freax", dị ka Torvalds rịọrọ, kama "linux". Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na onye ọchụnta ego na-achụ nta ego bụ William Della Croce jisiri ike debanye aha ụghalaahia Linux ma chọọ ịnakọta ụgwọ eze ka oge na-aga, ma emesịa gbanwee obi ya ma nyefee ikike niile na ụghalaahịa na Linus. N'ihi nke a, a họọrọ mascot nke Linux kernel, Tux the penguin , nke e mere na 1996. Aha Tux na-anọchi anya Torvalds UniX.
Ike uto nke codebase (ọnụọgụ nke ahịrị koodu) nke kernel:
- 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, 10 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
- 1.0.0 - March 1994, 176 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
- 1.2.0 - March 1995, 311 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
- 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
- 2.2.0 - January 1999, 1.8 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
- 2.4.0 - January 2001, 3.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
- 2.6.0 - December 2003, 5.9 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
- 2.6.28 - December 2008, 10.2 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
- 2.6.35 - August 2010, 13.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
- 3.0 - Ọgọst 2011, ahịrị koodu nde 14.6.
- 3.5 - Julaị 2012, ahịrị koodu nde 15.5.
- 3.10 - Julaị 2013, ahịrị koodu nde 15.8;
- 3.16 - August 2014, 17.5 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
- 4.1 - June 2015, 19.5 nde ahịrị koodu;
- 4.7 - Julaị 2016, ahịrị koodu nde 21.7;
- 4.12 - Julaị 2017, ahịrị koodu nde 24.1;
- 4.18 - Ọgọst 2018, ahịrị koodu nde 25.3.
- 5.2 - Julaị 2019, ahịrị koodu nde 26.55.
Ọganihu mmepe isi:
- Linux 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, ntọhapụ ọha mbụ na-akwado i386 CPU naanị yana booting na floppy;
- Linux 0.12 - Jenụwarị 1992, koodu malitere ikesa n'okpuru ikikere GPLv2;
- Linux 0.95 - Machị 1992, gbakwunyere ikike ịgba ọsọ sistemụ Window X, nkwado etinyere maka ebe nchekwa mebere yana nkebi swap.
- Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, ọrụ malitere na nchịkọta netwọk. Ewebata usoro faịlụ Ext2, agbakwunyere nkwado maka usoro faịlụ ELF, ewebata ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala maka kaadị ụda na ndị na-ahụ maka SCSI, na-ebubata modul kernel na /proc faịlụ sistemụ.
- Na 1992, nkesa mbụ nke SLS na Yggdrasil pụtara. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1993, e hiwere ọrụ Slackware na Debian.
- Linux 1.0 - Maachị 1994, ntọhapụ kwụsiri ike nke mbụ;
- Linux 1.2 - Machị 1995, mmụba dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, nkwado maka nyiwe Alfa, MIPS na SPARC, ikike nchịkọta netwọk gbasaa, ọdịdị nke nzacha ngwugwu, nkwado NFS;
- Linux 2.0 - June 1996, nkwado maka usoro multiprocessor;
- Maachị 1997: LKML, Linux kernel Onye nrụpụta ndepụta nzipu ozi tọrọ ntọala;
- 1998: Ewepụtara ụyọkọ nke mbụ Top500 Linux, nke nwere oghere 68 nwere Alpha CPUs;
- Linux 2.2 - Jenụwarị 1999, nkwalite arụmọrụ nke usoro njikwa ebe nchekwa, agbakwunyere nkwado maka IPv6, mejuputa firewall ọhụrụ, webatara sistemụ ụda ọhụrụ;
- Linux 2.4 - February 2001, nkwado maka 8-processor usoro na 64 GB nke RAM, Ext3 faịlụ usoro, USB nkwado, ACPI;
- Linux 2.6 - Disemba 2003, nkwado SELinux, akụrụngwa kernel parameter n'iji ya gee ntị, sysfs, sistemu njikwa ebe nchekwa ahaziri;
- N'afọ 2005, e webatara Xen hypervisor, bụ nke webatara n'oge nke virtualization;
- Na Septemba 2008, ewepụtara ntọhapụ mbụ nke ikpo okwu gam akporo dabere na kernel Linux;
- Na July 2011, mgbe afọ 10 nke mmepe nke alaka 2.6.x mgbanwe gaa na ọnụọgụ 3.x. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe dị na ebe nchekwa Git eruola nde 2;
- Na 2015 afọ ntọhapụ nke Linux kernel 4.0. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe git dị na ebe nchekwa ahụ eruola nde 4;
- Na April 2018 nke afọ ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ihe nde isii git n'ime ebe nchekwa kernel.
- Na Jenụwarị 2019, e hiwere alaka kernel . Ebe nchekwa a eruola ihe git nde 6.5.
isi: opennet.ru