Madivelopa Emmanuele Bassi ali ndi chidaliro kuti ndi zosintha zatsopano, desktop ya GNOME ikhala yosinthika komanso yosavuta.
Mu 2005, opanga GNOME adakhala ndi cholinga chogwira 10% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamakompyuta pofika chaka cha 2010. Zaka 15 zapita. Gawo lamakompyuta apakompyuta omwe ali ndi Linux pa board ndi pafupifupi 2%. Kodi zinthu zidzasintha pambuyo potulutsa zatsopano zingapo? Ndipo komabe, chapadera ndi chiyani pa iwo?
Malo a Pakompyuta zasintha zambiri kuyambira pomwe idatulutsidwa koyamba mu Marichi 1999. Kuyambira pamenepo, polojekiti yotseguka yakhala ikutulutsa zosintha kawiri pachaka. Chifukwa chake, ogwiritsa ntchito amadziwa pasadakhale nthawi yomwe angayembekezere zatsopano kuti ziwonekere.
Kutulutsidwa kwaposachedwa inatulutsidwa mu March, ndipo tsopano opanga akukonzekera kumasulidwa kotsatira kwa September. Ndidalankhula ndi Emmanuele Bassi kuti ndidziwe chomwe chili chapadera pa mtundu waposachedwa wa GNOME-komanso chofunikira kwambiri, chatsopano m'matembenuzidwe amtsogolo.
Emmanuele wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi gulu la GNOME kwa zaka zopitilira 15. Poyamba adagwira ntchito yomwe idapatsa opanga mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito malaibulale a GNOME okhala ndi zilankhulo zina zamapulogalamu, kenako adapita ku gulu lachitukuko la GTK, widget yolumikizira nsanja yopanga mapulogalamu a GNOME. Mu 2018, GNOME adalandira Emmanuele ku gulu la GTK Core, komwe amagwira ntchito pa laibulale ya GTK ndi nsanja yachitukuko ya GNOME.
GNOME 3.36 idatulutsidwa mu Marichi 2020. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene tiyenera kuzidziwa bwino?
Emmanuelle Basi: [Choyamba, ndikufuna kunena kuti] GNOME yatsatira ndondomeko yowonongeka kwa zaka 18. Mtundu wotsatira wa GNOME umatulutsidwa osati chifukwa chilichonse chakonzeka, koma malinga ndi dongosolo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zotulutsa zikhale zosavuta. Ku GNOME, sitidikirira kuti gawo lalikulu lotsatira likhale lokonzeka. M'malo mwake, timangotulutsa kutulutsa kwatsopano miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Nthawi zonse timakonza zolakwika, kuwonjezera zatsopano ndikupukuta chilichonse kuti chiwale.
Pakutulutsa uku, tawona kuti ntchito zonse ndi zabwino komanso zosangalatsa kugwiritsa ntchito. GNOME 3.36 ili ndi zosintha zambiri zamagwiritsidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndimakonda kuthekera kozimitsa zidziwitso. Izi zinalipo mu mtundu wakale kwambiri wa GNOME, koma zidachotsedwa kalekale chifukwa sizinagwire ntchito modalirika. Koma tidabwezanso chifukwa izi ndi zothandiza komanso zofunika kwa anthu ambiri.
Mutha kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa zidziwitso pa mapulogalamu onse nthawi imodzi, kapena kusintha makonda pa pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Mutha kupeza izi mu Zosintha za GNOME, mu menyu ya Mapulogalamu.
Tawonjezeranso ndikuwongolera zotchinga za GNOME. Zakhala zikugwira ntchito kwa mibadwo, koma tsopano zakonzeka. Chotchinga chotseka chikawonetsedwa, maziko a malo ogwirira ntchito pano sawoneka bwino, koma zomwe zikuyenda sizikuwonekabe. Takhala tikulimbana ndi izi ndi zovuta zofananirako katatu kapena kanayi komaliza ndipo tathana ndi zovuta zambiri kuti chilichonse chiziyenda bwino.
Chinanso chomwe tidapeza chofunikira pakuwonera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito chinali kupeza Zowonjezera zonse. M'mbuyomu, zowonjezera zitha kupezeka kudzera mu Application Center (GNOME Software Center), koma si aliyense amene ankadziwa za izo. Tsopano tasuntha kasamalidwe kowonjezera kukhala pulogalamu ina.
Ndipo tidakonzanso pang'ono chipolopolo cha GNOME chokha. Mwachitsanzo, zikwatu mu Launcher ndi chinthu chatsopano kwambiri. Ndizosavuta kupanga magulu anu apulogalamu kapena zikwatu muzoyambitsa. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akhala akupempha izi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mafoda adawonjezedwa mu mtundu wakale wa GNOME, koma [chinthucho] chimafunikira ntchito ina kuti chikhale chozizira kwambiri. Ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti mumayamikira mu GNOME 3.36.
Mafoda amawoneka bwino komanso amawoneka bwino. GNOME iwonetsa dzina la foda yanu, koma ndiyosavuta kuyitchanso ngati mukufuna.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti za GNOME zomwe sizikuzindidwa kapena sizikudziwikabe?
E.B.: Sindikudziwa ngati pali zina zofunika kwambiri mu GNOME 3.36. Ngati ndinu wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri GNOME, ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe muyenera kuyamikirira ndikusintha mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito. Tikukambanso za "kusamala" kwambiri [komanso kwaubwenzi] ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Dongosololi lisakupatseni vuto lililonse.
[Ndinakumbukiranso kuti] tidafewetsa ntchitoyi ndi gawo lolowetsa mawu achinsinsi. M'mbuyomu, zonse zimayenera kuchitika kudzera pa menyu omwe mumafunikira kupeza, koma tsopano zonse zili mmanja mwanu.
Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi aatali komanso ovuta monga momwe ndimachitira. Mulimonsemo, mukalowetsa mawu achinsinsi, mutha kudina chizindikiro chaching'ono kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwalowa bwino.
E.B.: Mapulogalamu ambiri mu GNOME tsopano akuyankha pakukonzanso. Poyankha kusinthaku, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito amapangidwanso. Pulogalamu ya Zikhazikiko ndi chitsanzo chabwino pankhaniyi. Ngati mupangitsa zenera lake kukhala locheperako, liwonetsa zinthu za UI mosiyana. Tidachita izi chifukwa chofuna kuyankha: makampani ngati Purism akugwiritsa ntchito GNOME pazithunzi zina (kuphatikiza mafoni), komanso ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Simudzawona zosintha zina mpaka mutayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ya GNOME. Pali zinthu zambiri zabwino zomwe zimakulolani kuti musinthe GNOME kuti igwirizane ndi zomwe mumakonda.
Simuli wopanga mapulogalamu, komanso wogwiritsa ntchito GNOME. Chonde ndiuzeni ndi zinthu ziti za GNOME zomwe mumapeza zothandiza kwambiri pantchito yanu yatsiku ndi tsiku?
E.B.: Ndimagwiritsa ntchito navigation ya kiyibodi kwambiri. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi nthawi zonse: Ndimakhala ndi manja anga pa kiyibodi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewa mochulukira kungandipangitse kupeza RSI (kuwawa kwa minofu kapena kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuyenda mobwerezabwereza). Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi kokha ndikwabwino.
Dongosolo lotsogola la hotkey ndi chimodzi mwazabwino komanso gawo la chikhalidwe cha GNOME. Mapangidwe athu akukula mbali imodzi, yomwe imachokera pamalingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito makiyi "ofulumira". Chifukwa chake ndi gawo lalikulu lachilankhulidwe chojambula, osati chinthu chowonjezera chomwe chidzachotsedwa tsiku lina.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'pofunika kutsegula mazenera angapo pa zenera ndi kuwakonza mu danga. Nthawi zambiri ndimayika mawindo awiri mbali ndi mbali. Ndimagwiritsanso ntchito malo angapo. Ndidayesa kuyang'anira malo anga ogwirira ntchito m'ma 1990s pogwiritsa ntchito ma desktops osiyanasiyana. Koma nthawi zonse ndinali ndi ma desktops owonjezera omwe amakhala mozungulira. GNOME imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga malo atsopano ogwirira ntchito mukafuna. Ndipo amazimiririka mosavuta pamene kufunika kwake kutha.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zosangalatsa zomwe tingayembekezere kuchokera ku GNOME 3.37 komanso kuchokera ku GNOME 3.38, zomwe zakonzekera Seputembara 2020?
E.B.: Zosintha zimachitika nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, tsopano tikugwira ntchito pa gridi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zoikamo zake. Pakali pano, mapulogalamuwa amasanjidwa ndi mayina ndi kukonzedwa motsatira zilembo, koma posachedwa mudzatha kuwakoka ndikuzikonza mwachisawawa. Izi zikusonyeza kutha kwa kusintha kwakukulu kumene takhala tikugwira kwa zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo. Cholinga chathu ndikupanga GNOME kukhala yaulamuliro komanso yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Tidagwiranso ntchito pa GNOME Shell. Madivelopa akufuna kuyesa ndi Overview. Lero muli ndi gulu kumanzere, gulu kumanja, ndi mazenera pakati. Tidzayesa kuchotsa dashboard chifukwa, m'malingaliro athu, ilibe ntchito. Koma mutha kuyibweza ndikuyikonza. Uwu ndi mtundu wopumira ku mobile-choyamba. Koma pakompyuta yapakompyuta, muli mu mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndipo muli ndi malo ambiri owonera. Ndipo pa foni yam'manja pali malo ochepa, kotero tikuyesa njira zatsopano zowonetsera zomwe zili. Zina mwa izo ziwoneka mu GNOME 3.38, koma iyi ndi nkhani yayitali kwambiri, kotero tisaganize.
Padzakhala zosankha zambiri mu GNOME Zokonda. GNOME 3.38 idzakhala ndi zida zambirimbiri. Zina mwazosintha zatsopano zakhazikitsidwa kale mu pulogalamu ya GNOME Tweaks, ndipo ena achoka ku Tweaks kupita ku pulogalamu yayikulu ya Zikhazikiko. Mwachitsanzo, kuthekera kuzimitsa ngodya yotentha - anthu ena sakonda izi. Tikupatsirani kuthekera kosintha mawonekedwe anu ogwiritsa ntchito pazithunzi zingapo, iliyonse ili ndi malo ake ogwirira ntchito. Zambiri mwazinthuzi sizikupezeka pakali pano, kotero tikuzisuntha kuchokera ku GNOME Tweaks.
[Pomaliza,] aliyense wa ife wachita ntchito yambiri kuti GNOME ikhale yabwino, kuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi machitidwe ochepa monga Raspberry Pi. Ponseponse, tagwira ntchito molimbika ndikupitilizabe kuyesetsa kukonza GNOME [ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito].Pa Ufulu Wotsatsa
Zofunika ? Ndi ife mukhoza kukhazikitsa mwamtheradi aliyense opaleshoni dongosolo. Ma seva athu apamwamba okhala ndi mapurosesa amakono komanso amphamvu ochokera ku AMD ndiabwino. Zosiyanasiyana zosinthidwa ndi malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku.
Source: www.habr.com