Pamene ndinakhala bwana wamng’ono kwambiri pa nyuzipepalayo, mkonzi wanga wamkulu panthaŵiyo, mkazi wina amene anakhala nkhandwe yodziŵa bwino za utolankhani kalelo m’nthaŵi za Soviet Union, anandiuza kuti: “Kumbukira, popeza kuti wayamba kale kukula, kuyang’anira ntchito iriyonse yofalitsa nkhani. zikufanana ndi kuthamanga m'munda wamigodi. Osati chifukwa ndi owopsa, koma chifukwa chosadziŵika. Tikuchita ndi chidziwitso, ndipo ndizosatheka kuwerengera ndikuwongolera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akonzi onse akuthamanga, koma palibe amene akudziwa kuti aphulitsa liti komanso chiyani. ”
Sindinamvetsetse pamenepo, koma ndiye, pamene ine, monga Pinocchio, ndinakula, ndinaphunzira ndikugula jekete zatsopano zikwi ... ndi zolondola mwamtheradi. Ndi kangati oyang'anira media - ngakhale oyang'anira media abwino! - anamaliza ntchito yawo chifukwa cha zochitika zosayerekezeka, zomwe zinali zosatheka kulosera.
Sindikuwuzani tsopano momwe mkonzi wamkulu wa "Zithunzi Zoseketsa" ndi wojambula wamkulu Ivan Semenov adatsala pang'ono kuwotchedwa ndi tizilombo - m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo. Iyi ikadali nkhani ya Lachisanu. Koma ndikuwuzani nkhani ya Vasily Zakharchenko wamkulu komanso wowopsa, makamaka chifukwa ndizogwirizana ndi mbiri ya Habr.
Magazini ya Soviet yakuti “Technology for Youth” inkakonda kwambiri nthano za sayansi ndi sayansi. Chifukwa chake, kaŵirikaŵiri ankaziphatikiza mwa kufalitsa nkhani zopeka za sayansi m’magazini.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1984, magaziniyi inkatsogozedwa ndi mkonzi wodziwika bwino Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko, yemwe, kwenikweni, adalowa mu "Technology for Youth" yomwe idafalikira m'dziko lonselo, idakhala nthano ya utolankhani waku Soviet komanso wolemba nkhani. anavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri. Chifukwa cha zochitika zotsirizirazi, nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi “Technology for Youth” inkapambana pa zimene ena oŵerengeka anakhoza kufalitsa olemba nkhani zopeka za Anglo-America amakono.
Ayi, olemba nthano za sayansi ya Anglo-America onse adamasuliridwa ndikusindikizidwa ku USSR. Koma m'mabuku - kawirikawiri.
Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa awa ndi omvera ambiri. Izi ndizomwe zimafalitsidwa ngakhale ndi miyezo ya Soviet. Mwachitsanzo, “Technology for Youth,” inafalitsidwa m’makope okwana 1,7 miliyoni.
Koma, monga ndanenera kale, nthawi zina zinkagwira ntchito. Chotero, pafupifupi m’chaka chonse cha 1980, okonda nthano zasayansi achimwemwe anaŵerenga buku la Arthur C. Clarke lakuti “The Fountains of Paradise” m’magaziniwo.
Arthur Clarke ankaonedwa kuti ndi bwenzi la dziko la Soviet, anatiyendera, anapita ku Star City, anakumana ndi kulemba ndi cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. Ponena za buku lakuti "The Fountains of Paradise," Clark sanabise kuti m'bukuli anagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "chokwezera mlengalenga," choyamba chinaperekedwa ndi mlengi wa Leningrad Yuri Artstanov.
Pambuyo kufalitsa "Akasupe ..." Arthur Clarke anapita ku USSR mu 1982, kumene, makamaka, anakumana ndi Leonov, Zakharchenko, ndi Artstanov.
Yuri Artstanov ndi Arthur Clarke amayendera Museum of Cosmonautics ndi Rocketry ku Leningrad
Ndipo chifukwa cha ulendo uwu mu 1984, Zakharchenko adakwanitsa kufalitsa buku la "Technology for Youth" la buku lina lodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lolemba zopeka za sayansi yotchedwa "2010: Odyssey Two." Zinali kupitiriza kwa buku lake lodziwika bwino "2001: A Space Odyssey", lolembedwa potengera zolemba za filimu yachipembedzo ndi Stanley Kubrick.
Izi zinathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mfundo yakuti m'buku lachiwiri munali zinthu zambiri za Soviet. Chiwembucho chinachokera pa mfundo yakuti chombo "Alexei Leonov" ndi gulu la Soviet-American pabwalo amatumizidwa ku Jupiter kuti adziwe chinsinsi cha "Discovery" cha ngalawa yomwe inasiyidwa mu kanjira ka Jupiter m'buku loyamba.
Zowona, Clark adadzipatulira patsamba loyamba:
Kwa anthu awiri akuluakulu a ku Russia: General A. A. Leonov - cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, wojambula ndi wophunzira A. D. Sakharov - wasayansi, Nobel Prize Laureate, humanist.
Koma kudzipereka, inu mukumvetsa, kunatayidwa mu magazini. Ngakhale popanda kulimbana kwakanthawi kochepa.
Magazini yoyamba inatuluka bwinobwino, kenako yachiwiri, ndipo owerenga anali kuyembekezera kale kuwerenga momasuka - monga momwe zinalili mu 1980.
Koma m’nkhani yachitatu panalibe kupitiriza. Anthu adakondwera, koma adaganiza - simudziwa. Chachinayi, zonse zikhala bwino.
Koma m'magazini yachinayi panali chinthu chodabwitsa - kunena momvetsa chisoni za zina za bukuli, crumpled mu ndime zitatu.
"Doctor, chinali chiyani chimenecho?!" Kodi izi ndizogulitsa?!" - owerenga "Technology for Youth" adakulitsa maso awo. Koma yankho linadziwika pambuyo pa perestroika.
Monga momwe zinakhalira, atangoyamba kufalitsidwa mu “Technology for Youth,” nyuzipepala ya International Herald Tribune inafalitsa nkhani ya mutu wakuti “COSMONAUTS—DISIDENTS,” THANKS TO CENSORS, FLIGHT PA TSAMBA ZA MAGAZINI YA SOVIET.
S. Sobolev mu ake imapereka mawu onse a cholemba ichi. Akuti, makamaka:
Otsutsa a Soviet, omwe sapeza mwayi woseka m'dziko laulemu komanso lovomerezeka, lero akhoza kuseka nthabwala zomwe zimaseweredwa paziwerengero za boma ndi wolemba mabuku wotchuka wa sayansi ya Chingerezi Arthur C. Clarke. Nthabwala yowoneka ngati iyi - "Trojan horse yaying'ono koma yokongola," monga m'modzi mwa otsutsa adayitcha, ili mu buku la A. Clarke "2010: The Second Odyssey".<…>
Mayina a astronaut onse opeka m'bukuli amafanana ndi mayina a anthu otsutsa otchuka. <…> M'bukuli mulibe kusiyana kwa ndale pakati pa anthu aku Russia. Komabe, astronauts ndi mayina:
- Viktor Brailovsky, katswiri wamakompyuta komanso m'modzi mwa omenyera ufulu wachiyuda, yemwe akuyenera kumasulidwa mwezi uno atatha zaka zitatu ku Central Asia;
- Ivan Kovalev - injiniya ndi woyambitsa wa Helsinki Human Rights Monitoring Group yomwe tsopano yathetsedwa. Akugwira ukaidi wa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri m’ndende yozunzirako anthu;
- Anatoly Marchenko, wogwira ntchito wazaka makumi anayi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi yemwe anakhala zaka 18 m'misasa chifukwa cha kulankhula za ndale ndipo panopa akugwira chilango chomwe chimatha mu 1996;
- Yuri Orlov - Womenyera ufulu wachiyuda komanso m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Helsinki Gulu. Katswiri wotchuka wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Orlov anamaliza kukhala m’ndende kwa zaka XNUMX m’ndende mwezi watha ndipo akugwira ukaidi wina wa zaka zisanu ku Siberia.
- Leonid Ternovsky ndi wasayansi yemwe adayambitsa Gulu la Helsinki ku Moscow mu 1976. Anakhala m'ndende zaka zitatu;
- Mikola Rudenko, mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa Gulu la Helsinki ku Ukraine, yemwe, atatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri m'ndende m'ndende, akuyenera kumasulidwa mwezi uno ndikutumizidwa kumudzi;
- Gleb Yakunin - wansembe wa Russian Orthodox Church, anaweruzidwa mu 1980 kwa zaka zisanu ntchito msasa ndi zaka zina zisanu kuthetsa pa milandu odana ndi Soviet Union ndi zipolowe.
Chifukwa chiyani Clark adakhazikitsa Zakharchenko mwanjira imeneyi, yemwe anali naye, ngati si abwenzi, kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka pamalingaliro abwino kwambiri, sizikudziwika bwino kwa ine. Mafani a wolembayo adabweranso ndi kulongosola kwanzeru kuti Clark analibe mlandu; mfundo yomweyi idabala General Gogol ndi General Pushkin ku Bond. Wolemba zopeka za sayansi, amati, popanda lingaliro lachiwiri, adagwiritsa ntchito mayina achi Russia omwe anali odziwika bwino m'manyuzipepala aku Western - ifenso, pakati pa Achimereka, tinkadziwa bwino Angela Davis ndi Leonard Peltier kuposa wina aliyense. Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, ngakhale - ndi kusankha kowawa kofanana.
Chabwino, mu "Technology for Youth", inu nokha mukumvetsa zomwe zayamba. Monga woyang'anira panthawiyo, ndipo kenako mkonzi wamkulu wa magaziniyo, Alexander Perevozchikov, anakumbukira kuti:
Nkhaniyi isanachitike, mkonzi wathu Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko anaphatikizidwa mu maofesi apamwamba. Koma pambuyo pa Clark, maganizo ake kwa iye anasintha kwambiri. Iye, yemwe anali atangolandira mphoto ina ya Lenin Komsomol, adadyedwa kwenikweni ndikupaka khoma. Ndipo magazini yathu inali itatsala pang’ono kuwonongedwa. Komabe, sikunali kulakwitsa kwathu, koma kwa Glavlit. Akadayenera kutsatira ndikulangiza. Motero, tinatha kufalitsa mitu iwiri yokha mwa mitu khumi ndi isanu. Mitu khumi ndi itatu yotsalayo inapita mu kufotokoza. Patsamba la zolemba zosindikizidwa ndidafotokoza zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pake kwa Clark. Koma Glavlit wokwiya adandikakamiza kufupikitsa kubwerezanso katatu. Tidasindikiza Odyssey yonse pambuyo pake.
Zowonadi, Zakharchenko adalemba kalata yofotokozera ku Komiti Yaikulu ya Komsomol, pomwe "adadziletsa pamaso pa chipani." Malinga ndi mkonzi wamkulu, "nkhope ziwiri" Clark "mwa njira yoyipa" adapereka kwa ogwira ntchito ku Soviet cosmonauts "Mayina a gulu la anthu odana ndi Soviet omwe adakhala ndi mlandu wochita zankhanza". Mkonzi wamkulu adavomereza kuti adataya tcheru ndipo adalonjeza kukonza cholakwikacho.
Vasily Zakharchenko
sizinathandize. Magaziniyi sinatsekedwe, koma inagwedezeka kwambiri. Patangotha milungu iwiri kuchokera ku nkhani yaku Western yomwe idawululidwa, Zakharchenko adachotsedwa ntchito, ndipo antchito angapo omwe adayang'anira magaziniyo adalandira zilango mosiyanasiyana. Zakharchenko, kuwonjezera apo, adakhala "wakhate" - visa yake yotuluka idachotsedwa, adathamangitsidwa m'mabokosi a "Children's Literature" ndi "Young Guard", adasiya kumuyitanira ku wailesi ndi kanema wawayilesi - ngakhale pulogalamu yomwe adapanga. za okonda magalimoto, "Mungathe Kuchita Izi" .
M'mawu oyamba a Odyssey 3, Arthur C. Clarke anapepesa kwa Leonov ndi Zakharchenko, ngakhale kuti womalizayo akuwoneka ngati akunyoza:
"Potsirizira pake, ndikuyembekeza kuti cosmonaut Alexei Leonov wandikhululukira kale chifukwa chomuyika pafupi ndi Dr. Andrei Sakharov (yemwe adakali mu ukapolo ku Gorky panthawi ya kudzipereka kwake). Ndipo ndikuwonetsa chisoni changa chochokera pansi pamtima kwa wolandira komanso mkonzi waku Moscow Vasily Zharchenko (monga momwe zilili - Zharchenko - VN) chifukwa chomulowetsa m'mavuto akulu pogwiritsa ntchito mayina a otsutsa osiyanasiyana - omwe ambiri a iwo, ndine wokondwa kuwazindikira. , salinso m’ndende . Tsiku lina, ndikuyembekeza, olembetsa ku Tekhnika Molodezhi adzatha kuwerenga mitu ya bukuli yomwe idasowa modabwitsa. "
Sipadzakhala ndemanga, ndingowona kuti pambuyo pa izi ndizodabwitsa kulankhula zachisawawa.
Chivundikiro cha buku la 2061: Odyssey Three, pomwe kupepesa kumawonekera
Imeneyo, kwenikweni, ndiyo nkhani yonse. Ndiroleni ndikuwonetseni kuti zonsezi zidachitika kale m'nthawi ya Chernenkov, ndipo panali miyezi ingapo yatsala pang'ono perestroika, mathamangitsidwe ndi glasnost. Ndipo buku la Clark lidasindikizidwa mu "Technology for Youth", komanso m'nthawi ya Soviet - mu 1989-1990.
Ndikuvomereza moona mtima - nkhaniyi imandisiya ndikuwonetsa zapawiri, ngakhale katatu.
Tsopano n’zodabwitsa kuti kulimbana kwamalingaliro kunatanthawuza zochuluka bwanji kalelo, ngati tsogolo la anthu linaonongedwa pa kachinthu kakang’ono ngati kameneka.
Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, dziko lathu linali lofunika bwanji padziko lapansi panthawiyo. Masiku ano ndizovuta kwa ine kuganiza momwe wolemba mbiri ya sayansi yaku Western waudindo woyamba adzapereka buku kwa anthu awiri aku Russia.
Ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, momwe zinalili kufunikira kwa chidziwitso m'dziko lathu panthawiyo. Kupatula apo, ngakhale m'nkhani yowulula ya International Herald Tribune zidadziwika pokwaniritsa izi “Anthu a ku Russia ali m’gulu la anthu okonda kwambiri zopeka za sayansi padziko lonse lapansi”, ndipo kufalitsidwa kokwanira miliyoni imodzi ndi theka kwa magazini otchuka a sayansi ndiko umboni wabwino koposa wa zimenezi.
Tsopano, ndithudi, chirichonse chasintha. M'njira zina zabwino, zina zoipa.
Zasintha kwambiri kotero kuti palibe chomwe chatsalira padziko lapansi momwe nkhaniyi idachitikira. Ndipo m'dziko latsopano lolimba mtima, palibe amene alinso ndi chidwi ndi otsutsa omwe achita ntchito yawo, kapena magazini ya "Technology for Youth", yomwe tsopano ikufalitsidwa mopanda phindu ndi ndalama zothandizira boma, kapena - chisoni cha onse ndi chiyani? - elevator ya danga.
Yuri Artstanov wamwalira posachedwa, pa Januware 1, 2019, koma palibe amene adazindikira. Chotsatira chokhacho chinasindikizidwa m'nyuzipepala ya Troitsky Variant patatha mwezi umodzi.
Source: www.habr.com