Kuzindikira zofooka ndikuwunika kukana kwa owononga makhadi anzeru ndi ma processor a crypto okhala ndi chitetezo chomangidwira

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, kuwonjezera pa njira zopezera zinsinsi kapena kuchita zinthu zina zosaloledwa, owukira ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kutayikira kwa data mosadziwa komanso kusokoneza machitidwe a pulogalamu kudzera m'njira zam'mbali.

Njira zowukira zachikhalidwe zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo potengera chidziwitso, nthawi komanso mphamvu yopangira. Komano, ziwopsezo zam'mbali zimatha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta komanso zosawononga chifukwa zimawulula kapena kuwongolera zinthu zomwe zimapezeka panthawi yanthawi zonse.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera pokonza miyeso ya tchanelo cham'mbali kapena kuwonetsa zolakwika mu ngalande zachinsinsi za chip, wowukira atha kupeza zinsinsi zake mkati mwa maola ochepa.

Ndi makadi anzeru opitilira 5,000 miliyoni omwe amaperekedwa chaka chilichonse komanso matekinoloje atsopano ophatikizika achinsinsi omwe amalowa m'misika, pakufunika kufunikira kuonetsetsa chitetezo chabizinesi ndi zinsinsi.

Ku Netherlands, Riscure yapanga Inspector, yomwe imapereka ma labotale a R&D komanso opanga omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwatsopano, kothandiza kwambiri pakuwunika chitetezo.

Dongosolo la Inspector Risk limathandizira njira zingapo zowunikira njira (SCA) monga kusanthula kwamagetsi (SPA/DPA), nthawi, RF, komanso kusanthula kwamagetsi (EMA) ndi kusokoneza (FI) monga kugunda kwamagetsi, kuphulika kwa wotchi ndi laser kusintha. Magwiridwe opangidwa ndi makinawa amathandizira ma algorithms angapo a cryptographic, ma protocol, ma interfaces, ndi zida.

Dongosololi limakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito makonda kuti muwone zovuta.

Inspector SCA sideline analysis system ikuphatikizapo:

• Power Tracer;
• kukhazikitsa kwa electromagnetic sounding EM Probe Station;
• icWaves kuyambitsa jenereta;
• Zosefera za CleanWave;
• kafukufuku wamakono Current Probe.

Pakati pa "zabwino" zazikulu titha kuwunikira zazikulu:

• Ndi chida chimodzi, chophatikizika chowunikira njira zam'mbali ndi kuyesa jekeseni wolakwa;
• Inspector amakwaniritsa EMVco ndi CMVP Common Criteria certified side-channel amafuna;
• Ndi malo otseguka omwe amaphatikizapo ma code source a modules, motero amalola njira zomwe zilipo kuti zisinthidwe ndi njira zatsopano zoyesera kuti ziphatikizidwe zomwe zingathe kupangidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kwa Inspector;
• Mapulogalamu okhazikika komanso ophatikizika ndi zida zophatikizika zimaphatikizanso kupeza mwachangu kwa data pamamiliyoni ambiri;
• Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotulutsidwa kwa pulogalamuyo imapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi njira zamakono zoyesera njira zam'mbali m'munda.

Inspector imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana papulatifomu imodzi:

• Inspector SCA imapereka zosankha zonse zofunika pakuwunika kwa DPA ndi EMA.
• Inspector FI imapereka magwiridwe antchito athunthu a jakisoni (zosokoneza) komanso kusanthula zolakwika (DFA).
• Inspector Core ndi SP (Signal Processing) imapereka magwiridwe antchito a SCA omwe amakhazikitsidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuti apereke pulogalamu yopezeka yopezera deta kapena kukonzanso pambuyo pake.

Inspector SCA

Zotsatira za muyeso zikapezeka, njira zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera zizindikiro zilipo kuti apange maulendo angapo apamwamba, otsika phokoso. Ntchito zopangira ma siginecha zapangidwa zomwe zimaganizira kusiyana kosawoneka bwino pakati pa EM trace, kutsata mphamvu, ndi kachitidwe ka RF. Chiwonetsero champhamvu cha Inspector chimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula nthawi kapena kuyang'ana zomwe adatsata, mwachitsanzo, pakusatetezeka kwa SPA.

Kuchita DPA pokhazikitsa ECC

Pazinthu zambiri zachitetezo zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zosagwira SPA masiku ano, zomwe zimayesedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala panjira zoyesa zosiyana (mwachitsanzo, DPA/CPA). Kuti izi zitheke, Inspector amapereka njira zambiri zosinthika zomwe zimaphimba ma algorithms osiyanasiyana a cryptographic ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga (3)DES, AES, RSA ndi ECC.

EM radiation ya chip kuti mupeze malo abwino kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito DEMA

Mfundo Zazikulu

• Yankholi limaphatikiza kusanthula kwamphamvu (SPA/DPA/CPA), maginito amagetsi (SEMA/DEMA/EMA-RF), ndi njira zoyesera zosalumikizana (RFA).
• Liwiro la kupeza deta limakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza kolimba kwa oscilloscope ndi Inspector.
• Njira zotsogola zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa jitter ya wotchi ndi randomisation
• Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukonza ma cryptanalysis modules omwe amathandizira kuukira koyambirira komanso kwapamwamba pama algorithms onse akuluakulu monga (3)DES, AES, RSA ndi ECC.
• Thandizo lowonjezereka la ma algorithms apadera a domain amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza SEED, MISTY1, DSA, kuphatikiza Camellia.

Zida zamagetsi

Kuphatikiza pa PC Inspector workstation, SCA imagwiritsa ntchito zida zokongoletsedwa ndi data yam'mbali ndikupeza ma siginecha:

• Power Tracer ya SPA/DPA/CPA pamakhadi anzeru
• EM Probe station ya SEMA / DEMA / EMA RF
• Probe Yapano ya SPA/DPA/CPA pazida zophatikizidwa
• Sefa ya CleanWave yokhala ndi Micropross MP300 TCL1/2 ya RFA ndi RF EMA
• Oscilloscope yogwirizana ndi IVI

Zinthu zomwe zikuwunikidwa nthawi zambiri zimafunikira miyeso, kusintha, ndi kuwongolera kwa hardware komwe kuli kofunikira kuti achite SCA. Woyang'anira ma hardware osinthika a Inspector, malo otsegulira otseguka, ndi zosankha zambiri za mawonekedwe amapereka maziko olimba amiyeso yapamwamba kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zachikhalidwe.

Inspector SCA

Katswiri wamkulu wachitetezo chamkati Joh John Connor akuti za dongosololi:
"Inspector asintha momwe timawonera kukana kwazinthu zathu. kuwononga mphamvu DPA. Mphamvu zake zimakhala chifukwa zimagwirizanitsa njira zosonkhanitsira ndi kusanthula zomwe zimatilola kuti tifufuze mwamsanga momwe mapangidwe atsopano a hardware a cryptographic amagwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuwona siginecha yamphamvu kuchokera ku data yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa payekhapayekha kapena munthawi imodzi-yamtengo wapatali pokonzekera DPA pakuwukira-pamene malaibulale ake owerengera amphamvu amathandizira ma algorithms omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zosintha zapanthawi yake zamapulogalamu ndiukadaulo zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi Riscure zimatithandiza kusunga chitetezo chazinthu zathu. ”

Inspector FI

Inspector FI - Fault Injection - imapereka zinthu zingapo kuti muyesere jekeseni wolakwika pamakhadi anzeru ndi matekinoloje a zida zophatikizidwa. Njira zoyeserera zomwe zimathandizidwa ndikuphatikizira mawotchi a wotchi, glitches yamagetsi, ndi kuukira kwa laser. Kuwonongeka kwa jekeseni - komwe kumatchedwanso perturbation attack - kumasintha khalidwe la chip, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.

Ndi Inspector FI, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyesa ngati kiyi ikhoza kuchotsedwa poyambitsa kulephera kwa machitidwe achinsinsi a chip, kudutsa cheke monga kutsimikizika kapena moyo wanthawi zonse, kapena kusintha momwe pulogalamu imayendera pa chip.

Zosankha zambiri zosinthika

Inspector FI imaphatikizapo magawo ambiri osinthika ogwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kuwongolera kusintha ndi zosokoneza monga kugunda kwa nthawi yosiyana, kubwereza kwamphamvu, komanso kusintha kwamagetsi. Pulogalamuyi ikuwonetsa zotsatira, kuwonetsa machitidwe omwe akuyembekezeka, kukonzanso makhadi, ndi machitidwe osayembekezereka, komanso kudula mitengo mwatsatanetsatane. Ma modules owukira a DFA amapezeka pazambiri zazikuluzikulu zachinsinsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito "wizard", ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kupanga pulogalamu yosokoneza makonda ndi API.

Mfundo Zazikulu

• Kusafanana ndi kubwezeredwa mosavuta komanso nthawi yazinthu zonse zopukutira.
• Mawonekedwe owukira pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lamphamvu lamalamulo ndi Inspector Integrated IDE.
• Zosankha zambiri za Inspector zoyeserera pakuyesa jekeseni wolakwika.
• Zida za laser zokhala ndi ma glitching ambiri kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwa khadi, zopangidwira kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya jakisoni wa glitch.
• Ma module a DFA pakukhazikitsa ma algorithms otchuka, kuphatikiza RSA, AES, ndi 3DES
• Kupititsa patsogolo ku laser-point laser kumapereka mwayi wokopa microcircuit m'malo angapo nthawi imodzi.
• Kuyanjanitsa kodalira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito icWaves trigger jenereta kumatha kuletsa zoyeserera ndikuletsa kutayika kwa zitsanzo.

Zida zamagetsi

Inspector FI itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zotsatirazi kuti ziwononge:

• VC Glitcher yokhala ndi amplifier yowonjezera
• Diode laser station yokhala ndi kukweza kwamitundu yambiri
• PicoScope 5203 kapena IVI-yogwirizana oscilloscope

Inspector FI yokhala ndi VC Glitcher, icWaves Trigger Generator, Glitch Amplifier ndi Laser Station

Jenereta ya VC Glitcher imapanga maziko a zomangamanga za Inspector system glitch jakisoni. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothamanga kwambiri wa FPGA, zolakwika zazifupi ngati ma nanoseconds awiri zitha kupangidwa. Hardware ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Pulogalamu yolakwika yopangidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito imakwezedwa mu FPGA mayeso asanayambe. VC Glitcher imaphatikizapo gawo lophatikizika loyambitsa ma glitches amagetsi ndi mawotchi a wotchi, komanso kutulutsa njira yowongolera masiteshoni a laser.

Diode Laser Station imakhala ndi ma laser amphamvu kwambiri a diode okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe amawongoleredwa mwachangu komanso mosinthika ndi VC Glitcher. Zipangizozi zimatengera kuyesa kwa kuwala kupita pamlingo wotsatira popereka zolakwika zingapo moyenera, kuwongolera mphamvu moyenera, ndikuyankha mwachangu komanso kodziwikiratu pakusintha kwamphamvu.

Mwa kukweza ma diode laser station kuti ikhale yamitundu yambiri, madera angapo amatha kuyesedwa pa chip pogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana anthawi ndi ma voltages operekera.

Kuyambitsa kwa ma Signal pogwiritsa ntchito jenereta ya icWaves

Kusintha kwa wotchi, kudodometsa kwachisawawa, ndi nthawi yodalira deta zimafunikira kusintha kosasintha komanso kusonkhanitsa deta m'mbali. Jenereta ya icWaves ya Inspector system imapanga kugunda kwamphamvu poyankha kuzindikira zenizeni zenizeni za kusiyana kwa mtundu womwe wapatsidwa mumagetsi a chip kapena chizindikiro cha EM. Chipangizocho chimakhala ndi fyuluta yapadera ya notch kuti zitsimikizire kuti zofananira zazindikirika ngakhale pazizindikiro zaphokoso.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zifanane ndi chitsanzo mkati mwa chipangizo cha FPGA zitha kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito za Inspector. Khadi lanzeru lomwe lazindikira jekeseni wolakwika likhoza kuyambitsa njira yodzitetezera kuti muchotse deta yodziwika bwino kapena kutsekereza khadi. Chigawo cha icWaves chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyambitsa kuyimitsidwa kwamakhadi nthawi iliyonse mphamvu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena mbiri ya EM ichoka pakugwira ntchito wamba.

Laser Station (LS) yokhala ndi njira zambiri zofikira,
ndi microscope ndi coordinate table

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Chitukuko cha Inspector chapangidwa kuti chipereke kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito SCA ndi FI pazifukwa zilizonse.

• Open API: imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukhazikitsa ma module atsopano
• Nambala yochokera: Gawo lililonse limabwera ndi code yakeyake, kotero ma module amatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofuna za wogwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko opangira ma module atsopano.

Inspector FI

Inspector amaphatikiza jekeseni wolakwa ndi njira zowunikira njira mu phukusi limodzi lochita bwino kwambiri.

Chitsanzo cha kusanthula khalidwe lolephera:

Gawo la kuwukira kwapambali likukula mwachangu, pomwe zopeza zatsopano zimafalitsidwa chaka chilichonse, kudziwika poyera, kapena kupanga ziphaso zovomerezeka zamadongosolo ndi miyezo. Inspector imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa zomwe zachitika komanso zosintha zamapulogalamu zomwe zimakhazikitsa njira zatsopano.

Source: www.habr.com