"khumi ndi zisanu" kapena "khumi ndi zisanu" ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha masewera osavuta omveka omwe ali otchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kukonza mabwalo ndi manambala motsatana, kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu. Sizophweka, koma ndizosangalatsa.
Mu phunziro lamakono tikuwonetsani momwe mungapangire Khumi ndi Fifteen mu Java 8 ndi Eclipse. Kupanga UI tidzagwiritsa ntchito Swing API.
Tikukukumbutsani: kwa owerenga onse a Habr - kuchotsera ma ruble 10 polembetsa maphunziro aliwonse a Skillbox pogwiritsa ntchito nambala yotsatsira ya Habr.
Skillbox imalimbikitsa: Maphunziro aulere pa intaneti .
Mapangidwe amasewera
Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kufotokozera katundu:
- Kukula - kukula kwa malo osewerera;
- nbTiles - chiwerengero cha ma tag m'munda. nbTiles = kukula * kukula - 1;
- Matailosi ndi tag yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi lamagulu angapo. Iliyonse ya ma tag ilandila mtengo wapadera pamitundu [0, nbTiles]. Zero akuwonetsa bwalo lopanda kanthu;
- blankPos - malo a malo opanda kanthu.
Masewera a logic
Tiyenera kufotokozera njira yokonzanso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa masewera atsopano. Mwanjira iyi timayika mtengo wa chinthu chilichonse cha gulu la ma tag. Chabwino, ndiye timayika blankPos pamalo omaliza a gululo.
Timafunikiranso njira yophatikizira kuti muphatikize ma tag osiyanasiyana. Sitikuphatikizira chizindikiro chopanda kanthu mumayendedwe osakanikirana kuti tisiye momwemo.
Popeza theka lokha la malo oyambira omwe ali ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi yankho, muyenera kuyang'ana zotsatira zake kuti muwonetsetse kuti zomwe zikuchitika pano ndizotheka kutha. Kuti tichite izi, timatanthauzira njira ya isSolvable.
Ngati tag inayake imatsogozedwa ndi tag yokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba, imatengedwa ngati inversion. Pamene malo opanda kanthu ali m'malo, chiwerengero cha inversions chiyenera kukhala chofanana kuti chithunzicho chithe kusungunuka. Chifukwa chake timawerengera kuchuluka kwa ma inversions ndikubwerera zoona ngati nambalayo ndi yofanana.
Ndikofunikira kufotokozera njira ya isSolved kuti muwone ngati mawonekedwe athu a Game Of Fifteen atha. Choyamba timayang'ana pomwe malo opanda kanthu ali. Ngati m'malo oyamba, ndiye kuti kuyanjanitsa kwapano ndi kwatsopano, sikunakonzedwe kale. Kenako timabwereza matailosi mosinthana, ndipo ngati mtengo wa chizindikirocho ndi wosiyana ndi index yofananira +1, timabwerera zabodza. Kupanda kutero, kumapeto kwa njirayo ndi nthawi yoti mubwererenso zoona chifukwa chithunzithunzi chathetsedwa kale.
Njira ina yomwe iyenera kufotokozedwa ndi newGame. Zimafunika kupanga chitsanzo chatsopano cha masewerawo. Kuti tichite izi, timakhazikitsanso gawo losewera, ndikulisakaniza ndikupitiliza mpaka malo osewererawo atha kuthetsedwa.
Nayi nambala yachitsanzo yokhala ndi mawu ofunikira a tag:
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in initial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable/
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}Pomaliza, muyenera kukonza kayendedwe ka ma tag pamndandanda. Khodi iyi idzayimbidwa pambuyo pake kudzera pa callback kuti muyankhe kusuntha kwa cholozera. Masewera athu azithandizira mayendedwe angapo a matailosi nthawi imodzi. Choncho, titatha kutembenuza malo osindikizira pawindo kukhala chizindikiro, timapeza malo a chizindikiro chopanda kanthu ndikuyang'ana njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake kangapo nthawi imodzi.
Nachi chitsanzo cha code:
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;Timapanga UI pogwiritsa ntchito Swing API
Ndi nthawi ntchito pa mawonekedwe. Choyamba timatenga kalasi ya Jpanel. Kenako timajambula ma tag pamunda - kuwerengera kukula kwa chilichonse, tidzagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa pagawo la omanga masewera:
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;Margin ndi gawo lomwe limakhazikitsidwa mwaopanga masewera.
Tsopano tiyenera kufotokozera njira ya drawGrid yojambulira gululi ndi mawanga pazenera. Timasanthula kuchuluka kwa ma tag ndikusintha ma coordinates kukhala maulalo ogwiritsira ntchito. Kenako jambulani malo aliwonse ndi nambala yofananira pakati:
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}Pomaliza, tiyeni tinyamule njira ya paintComponent, yomwe imachokera ku kalasi ya JPane. Kenako timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya drawGrid, ndikutsatiridwa ndi njira ya drawStartMessage kuti tiwonetse uthenga womwe umatipangitsa kuti tidina kuti tiyambitse masewerawa:
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}Kutengera zochita za ogwiritsa ntchito mu UI
Kuti masewerawa ayende bwino, ndikofunikira kukonza zochita za ogwiritsa ntchito mu UI. Kuti muchite izi, onjezani kukhazikitsa kwa MouseListener pa Jpanel ndi kachidindo kosunthira malo, omwe awonetsedwa kale pamwambapa:
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});Timayika code mu omanga kalasi ya GameOfFifteen. Pamapeto pake, timatcha njira yatsopano yaGame kuti tiyambe masewera atsopano.
Full game kodi
Chomaliza musanayambe kuwona masewerawa ndikuyika ma code onse pamodzi. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
// We are going to create a Game of 15 Puzzle with Java 8 and Swing
// If you have some questions, feel free to read comments ;)
public class GameOfFifteen extends JPanel { // our grid will be drawn in a dedicated Panel
// Size of our Game of Fifteen instance
private int size;
// Number of tiles
private int nbTiles;
// Grid UI Dimension
private int dimension;
// Foreground Color
private static final Color FOREGROUND_COLOR = new Color(239, 83, 80); // we use arbitrary color
// Random object to shuffle tiles
private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
// Storing the tiles in a 1D Array of integers
private int[] tiles;
// Size of tile on UI
private int tileSize;
// Position of the blank tile
private int blankPos;
// Margin for the grid on the frame
private int margin;
// Grid UI Size
private int gridSize;
private boolean gameOver; // true if game over, false otherwise
public GameOfFifteen(int size, int dim, int mar) {
this.size = size;
dimension = dim;
margin = mar;
// init tiles
nbTiles = size * size - 1; // -1 because we don't count blank tile
tiles = new int[size * size];
// calculate grid size and tile size
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(dimension, dimension + margin));
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
setForeground(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60));
gameOver = true;
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});
newGame();
}
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in intial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setTitle("Game of Fifteen");
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.add(new GameOfFifteen(4, 550, 30), BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
// center on the screen
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}Pomaliza, tiyeni tisewera!
Yakwana nthawi yoti muyambitse masewerawa ndikuyesa mukuchitapo kanthu. Gawoli liyenera kuwoneka motere:
Tiyeni tiyese kuthetsa vutoli. Ngati zonse zidayenda bwino, tipeza izi:
Ndizomwezo. Kodi mumayembekezera zambiri? 🙂
Skillbox imalimbikitsa:
- Njira yothandiza .
- Maphunzirowa amaperekedwa pa intaneti .
- Zaka ziwiri zothandiza maphunziro .
Source: www.habr.com