Ubwino wa makina opangira magetsi ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha mlingo wa utumiki wa malo amakono a deta. Izi ndizomveka: mwamtheradi zida zonse zofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa data center zimayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Popanda izo, ma seva, maukonde, makina opanga uinjiniya ndi makina osungira adzasiya kugwira ntchito mpaka magetsi abwezeretsedweratu.
Tikukuuzani momwe mafuta a dizilo amagwirira ntchito komanso dongosolo lathu loyang'anira khalidwe labwino pa ntchito yosasokonezeka ya Linxdatacenter data center ku St.
Mudzadabwitsidwa, koma potsimikizira malo opangira ma data kuti atsatire miyezo yapamwamba yamakampani, akatswiri a Uptime Institute amagawira gawo lalikulu pakuwunika momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi momwe ma jenereta a dizilo amayendera.
Chifukwa chiyani? Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa data center ndikofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha digito. Chowonadi ndi ichi: 15 milliseconds ya kutayika kwa magetsi kwa data center ndikokwanira kusokoneza machitidwe a bizinesi ndi zotsatira zowoneka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto. Ndi zambiri kapena zochepa? Milisekondi imodzi (ms) ndi gawo la nthawi lofanana ndi chikwi chimodzi cha sekondi. Ma milliseconds asanu ndi nthawi yomwe njuchi zimatengera mapiko ake kamodzi. Zimatengera munthu 300-400 ms kuti aphethire. Mphindi imodzi yamakampani otsika mtengo pafupifupi $2013 mu 7900, malinga ndi Emerson. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi a digito, zotayika zimatha kufika madola masauzande ambiri pamasekondi 60 aliwonse anthawi yopuma. Chuma chimafuna mabizinesi kuti agwirizane ndi 100%.
Ndipo komabe, chifukwa chiyani ma jenereta a dizilo amatengedwa ngati gwero lalikulu la magetsi malinga ndi UI? Chifukwa pamene magetsi amagetsi amatha, malo opangira deta akhoza kudalira iwo monga gwero lokha la mphamvu kuti machitidwe onse agwire ntchito mpaka makinawo abwezeretsedwe.
Kwa malo athu opangira deta ku St. Petersburg, nkhani zokhudzana ndi magetsi zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri: malo osungiramo deta ali odziimira okha pa intaneti ndipo amaperekedwa ndi magetsi ndi 12 MW gas piston power plant. Ngati kuperekedwa kwa gasi kuyimitsidwa pazifukwa zina, malo a data amasintha kugwira ntchito ndi seti ya jenereta ya dizilo. Choyamba, ma UPS amayambika, mphamvu yomwe imakhala yokwanira kwa mphindi 40 za ntchito yosasokonezeka ya data center, majenereta a dizilo amayamba mkati mwa mphindi 2 pambuyo poyimitsa pisitoni ya gasi ndikugwira ntchito pamagetsi omwe alipo kwa maola osachepera 72. . Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mgwirizano udzayamba kugwira ntchito ndi wogulitsa mafuta, yemwe amayenera kupereka mavoti ogwirizana ku malo opangira deta mkati mwa maola 4.
Kukonzekera certification ya Uptime Institute kuti itsatire miyezo ya Management & Operations management inatikakamiza kuti tiyang'ane kwambiri njira yoperekera mafuta a dizilo, kuwongolera kwake, kulumikizana ndi ogulitsa, ndi zina zambiri. Izi ndizomveka: ubwino wa ntchito ya magetsi a nyukiliya ku Sosnovy Bor sizidalira ife mwanjira iliyonse, koma tiyenera kukhala ndi udindo wonse pa gawo lathu la gridi yamagetsi.
DT kwa malo opangira data: zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Kuti majenereta azigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, modalirika komanso mwachuma, simuyenera kugula zida zodalirika zokha, komanso kusankha mafuta oyenera a dizilo (DF) kwa iwo.
Kuchokera zodziwikiratu: mafuta aliwonse amakhala ndi alumali moyo wazaka 3-5. Zimasiyananso kwambiri pazigawo zosiyanasiyana: mtundu umodzi ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira, wina ndi wosayenera kwa izi, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kungayambitse ngozi yaikulu.
Mfundo zonsezi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zisawonongeke kuti jenereta ya dizilo isayambe chifukwa cha mafuta atha kapena osayenera kwa nyengoyi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamagulu ndi mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchita kwapamwamba ndi kudalirika kwa zipangizo kumakhudzidwa ndi khalidwe la mtundu wosankhidwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa enieni.
Kusankha kolondola kwamafuta a dizilo kudzapereka zabwino izi:
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri;
- bwino komanso mtengo wotsika;
- torque yayikulu;
- mkulu psinjika chiΕ΅erengero.
nambala ya cetane
Ndipotu, mafuta a dizilo ali ndi makhalidwe ambiri omwe mungaphunzire mu pasipoti ya gulu linalake lazinthu. Komabe, kwa akatswiri, njira zazikulu zodziwira mtundu wamafuta amtunduwu ndi nambala ya cetane ndi kutentha.
Nambala ya cetane mu kapangidwe ka mafuta a dizilo imatsimikizira kuthekera koyambira, i.e. kuthekera kwa mafuta kuyaka. Kukwera kwa chiwerengerochi, mafuta amawotcha mofulumira m'chipindamo - komanso mofanana (ndi otetezeka!) Kusakaniza kwa dizilo ndi mpweya kumayaka. Muyezo zosiyanasiyana zizindikiro zake ndi 40-55. Mafuta a dizilo apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi nambala yayikulu ya cetane amapereka injiniyo ndi: nthawi yochepa yofunikira pakuwotha ndi kuyatsa, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchita bwino, komanso mphamvu yayikulu.
Kuyeretsa mafuta a dizilo
Kulowetsa kwamadzi ndi zonyansa zamakina mumafuta a dizilo ndikoopsa kwambiri kuposa mafuta. Mafuta oterowo akhoza kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina, kupezeka kwa zonyansa zamakina kumatha kudziwika ngati dothi pansi pa chidebe chokhala ndi mafuta a dizilo.
Madzi amatulukanso kuchokera kumafuta ndikukhazikika pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwake. M'mafuta a dizilo osakhazikika, madzi amapangitsa kuti kukhale mitambo.
Kuyeretsa mafuta a dizilo kumathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito. Pali makhazikitsidwe apadera ndi machitidwe osefera pa izi. Kusankhidwa kwa zida za njirayi kumadalira zomwe zimayenera kuyeretsedwa kuchokera kumafuta - parafini, zonyansa zamakina, sulfure kapena madzi.
Wopereka katunduyo ali ndi udindo woyeretsa mafuta, chifukwa chake nkofunika kukhala ndi dongosolo loyendetsa katundu, zomwe tidzakambirana pansipa, ndipo musaiwale za zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipitirize kuyeretsa mafuta, tidayika zolekanitsa mafuta a Separ papaipi yamafuta amtundu uliwonse wa jenereta ya dizilo. Amalepheretsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi madzi kulowa mu jenereta.
Olekanitsa mafuta.
Mavuto a nyengo
Pofunafuna mitengo yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yamafuta, makampani nthawi zambiri amaiwala za kutentha komwe siteshoni idzagwira ntchito. Nthawi zina kusankha nkhuni imodzi "panyengo iliyonse" sikuwononga kwambiri. Koma ngati siteshoni ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, ndi bwino kusankha mafuta malinga ndi nyengo.
Opanga amagawa mafuta a dizilo m'chilimwe, chisanu ndi "arctic" - chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Mu Russia, GOST 305-82 ndi udindo kulekanitsa mafuta ndi nyengo. Chikalatacho chimafotokoza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta m'chilimwe pa kutentha pamwamba pa 0 Β° C. Mafuta a chisanu ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha mpaka -30 Β°C. "Arctic" - m'malo ozizira mpaka -50 Β° C.
Pakuti ntchito khola majenereta dizilo, tinaganiza kugula yozizira dizilo mafuta -35 β. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musamaganizire za kusintha kwa nyengo.
Momwe timawonera mafuta
Kuonetsetsa kuti majenereta a dizilo akugwira ntchito modalirika, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti wogulitsa akukutumizirani mafuta omwe mukufuna.
Tinaganiza kwa nthawi yayitali za kuthetsa vutoli, tidaganizira njira yotengera zitsanzo ndikuzitumiza kuti zikawunikidwe ku ma laboratories apadera. Komabe, njira imeneyi imatenga nthawi, ndipo muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mayeserowo abwereranso osakhutiritsa? Gulu latumizidwa kale - kubwerera, konzaninso? Ndipo bwanji ngati kukonzanso koteroko kugwa panthawi yomwe kuli kofunikira kuyambitsa majenereta?
Ndiyeno tinaganiza kuyeza khalidwe la mafuta pa malo, ntchito mamita octane, makamaka ntchito SHATOX SX-150. Chipangizochi chimalola kusanthula momveka bwino kwamafuta omwe aperekedwa, kudziwa osati nambala ya cetane, komanso malo othira ndi mtundu wamafuta.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito octanometer imachokera kuyerekezera nambala ya octane / cetane ya zitsanzo za dizilo / mafuta ovomerezeka ndi mafuta a dizilo / mafuta oyesedwa. Purosesa yapadera imakhala ndi matebulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito a mitundu yovomerezeka yamafuta, yomwe pulogalamu yomasulira imafananiza ndi magawo a zitsanzo zomwe zatengedwa komanso kuwongolera kutentha kwachitsanzo.
Chipangizochi chimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zotsatira zamafuta munthawi yeniyeni. Malamulo oyezera kuchuluka kwamafuta pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya octane amalembedwa m'malamulo ogwirira ntchito.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mita ya octane
- Sensa ya chipangizocho imayikidwa pamtunda wopingasa ndikugwirizanitsa ndi gawo loyezera.
- Chipangizocho chimayatsidwa pamene sensa ilibe kanthu. Mamita akuwonetsa zero CETANE kuwerenga:
- Cet = 0.0;
- Tfr = 0.0.
- Pambuyo poyang'ana ntchito ya chipangizocho, ndikofunikira kudzaza sensa ndi mafuta mpaka itadzaza. Njira yoyezera ndikusintha zowerengera sizitenga masekondi 5.
- Pambuyo pa kuyeza, deta imalowetsedwa mutebulo ndikufaniziridwa ndi zowerengeka zanthawi zonse. Kuti zitheke, ma cell amayikidwa kuti azingowonetsa zokha zamitundu. Zowerengera zikavomerezedwa, zimasanduka zobiriwira; pamene magawowo sakukhutiritsa, amasanduka ofiira, omwe amakulolani kuti muwongolere magawo amafuta omwe aperekedwa.
- Kwa ife tokha, tasankha mawerengedwe awa abwinobwino amafuta:
- Cet = 40-52;
- Tfr = kuchokera kuchotsera 25 mpaka kuchotsera 40.
Tabu yowerengera zopangira mafuta
| Tsiku | Kuvomereza mafuta | Kuyang'ana bwino | |
| January 18 2019 | 5180 | Cetane | 47 |
| TFr | -32 | ||
| Type | W | ||
S - mafuta achilimwe, W - mafuta achisanu, A - mafuta aku Arctic.
PHINDU! kapena momwe zinagwirira ntchito
Ndipotu, tinayamba kulandira zotsatira zoyamba za polojekitiyi mwamsanga pambuyo poyambitsa ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito. Kuwongolera koyamba kunawonetsa kuti woperekayo adabweretsa mafuta omwe sanakumane ndi magawo omwe adalengezedwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tinatumizanso thankiyo nβkupempha kuti iwatumize mβmalo. Popanda dongosolo lolamulira, titha kulowa m'malo omwe jenereta ya dizilo siyiyamba chifukwa chamafuta otsika.
Mwachidziwitso chodziwika bwino, luso lotereli lachidziwitso chowongolera khalidwe limapereka chidaliro chonse mu mphamvu yosasunthika ya data center, pamene tingathe kudzidalira tokha kuthetsa vuto la kusunga 100% uptime ntchito ya malo.
Ndipo awa si mawu chabe: mwina ndife malo okhawo a data ku Russia omwe, pochita ulendo wowonetsa kasitomala, amatha kuyankha pempholi "Kodi mutha kudumpha kuchokera pagawo lalikulu lamagetsi kuti muwonetse kusintha kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera. ?β Timavomereza ndipo nthawi yomweyo, pamaso pathu, tumizani zida zonse kuti zisungidwe nthawi iliyonse. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti wogwira ntchito aliyense yemwe ali ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka atha kuchita izi: njirazo zimasinthidwa mokwanira kuti zisadalire wochita zinazake - timadzidalira tokha pankhaniyi.
Komabe, osati ife tokha: njira yoyendetsera bwino mafuta a dizilo panthawi yovomerezeka ndi Uptime Institute idakopa chidwi cha ofufuza a bungwe, omwe adawona ngati njira zabwino kwambiri zamakampani.
Source: www.habr.com